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Sheep And Goat Losses In Relation To Coyote Damage Management In Texas, Gary Lee Nunley

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The average reported sheep and goat loss to coyotes (Canis latrans) in 1992 on those properties worked by the cooperative animal damage control program were relatively low. Sheep and goat losses were not evenly distributed among the producers. Geographical distribution of the losses reflected a positive relationship between relative coyote density and livestock losses. The sheep and goat industry is adversely affected by the cumulative losses of those producers suffering high levels of predation.

Immunocontraception As A Tool For Controlling Reproduction In Coyotes, Lowell A. Miller

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The development of immunocontraception as a tool for population management of coyotes (Canis latrans) and reduction of coyote predation may provide an environmentally safer alternative to pesticides. Because they are proteins, immunocontraceptive vaccines do not persist in the environment or bioaccumulate in the food chain. The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) will examine the effects (immunological, hormonal and behavioral) of treating penned coyotes with 2 immunocontraceptive vaccines: porcine zona pellucida (PZP) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Initial studies will be conducted using traditional subcutaneous injections; however, the goal IS to develop an orally-deliverable immunocontraceptive vaccine as an alternative …

Managing For Coyotes To Enhance Waterfowl Production: An Alternative Perspective, Terry A. Messmer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America produces about half of the continent's duck population. Predation on hens, young, and eggs severely impacts duck production In the region decreasing fall flights. Recent studies conducted in the region suggest that management efforts to increase duck production need to consider both habitat and predator effects. Research indicates that managing on the landscape level to protect coyotes in sufficient numbers to exclude red foxes should be encouraged in PPR areas suitable for duck production and where the risks of damage to domestic livestock and other wildlife species are minimal.

Coyotes In The Rolling Plains Of Texas, Wyman P. Meinzer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Rolling Plains region of Texas have experienced several factors in the last 40 years that may have possibly influenced population dynamics and feeding niche. The 3 most important changes were (a) the demand for coyote pelts during the 1970s, (b) a region-wide growth of the stocker cattle industry and (c) the increasing incidence of sarcoptic mange. The availability of stocker cattle carcasses may be providing a source of dependable food during a previously stressful period, thus inflating coyote survival and abundance superficially relative to traditional cow/calf ranching areas Sarcoptic mange has been present …

Photographing Coyotes, Wyman P. Meinzer

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Wildlife photography has become an increasingly popular hobby over the last 10 years. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are among the more difficult animals to photograph under natural field conditions (i.e. in the wild). For studying and photographing coyotes behaving routinely, I recommend the use of a draw station (i.e. cow carcass) and a blind that will all low relatively close inspection of coyote interactions.

Coyotes In Urban Areas: A Status Report, Jan E. Loven

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) occur within the city limits of most urban areas in Texas, and the Incidence of human X coyote interactions appears to be increasing in recent years. The major damage caused by coyotes in urban areas has been depredation on pets (primarily) and to other animals (e.g. ducks). Direct control of such problem coyotes is often hampered by city/state regulations and/or concern from local officials about negative publicity.

Coyote Population Processes Revisited, Frederick F. Knowlton, Eric M. Gese

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

It appears that coyote (Canis latrans) abundance is determined primarily by availability of food (prey) as mediated through social dominance hierarchies and a territorial land tenure system. This is reflected in rates of reproduction, dispersal, and mortality, with survival of juveniles a major factor. Suggestions for a new generation of simulation models to explore coyote population functions are included.

Effects Of Coyote Control On Their Prey: A Review, Scott E. Henke

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are often removed from an area because of their predatory nature, regardless of the effect such removal may have on the ecosystem. Research results concerning ecosystem changes due to coyote removal appear ambiguous; however, differing lengths of coyote control can produce different results. Short-term coyote removal efforts (≤ 6 months) typically have not resulted in increases in the prey base; however, long-term, intensive coyote removal reportedly has altered to alter species composition within the ecosystem.

Techniques For Estimating Coyote Abundance, Scott E. Henke, Fred F. Knowlton

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Knowledge of coyote abundance is needed to make intelligent management decisions Several methods have been devised to enumerate coyote (Canis latrans) population size. We review several techniques and attempt to identify biases associated with each method. Once biases are understood, recommendations can be made to minimize their impact on data collection processes and yield better estimates of coyote population trends.

Coyotes: A Sheep And Goat Rancher's Perspective, Ellis Helmers

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

When asked their views about coyotes and coyote damage, the words used by producers to describe their perspectives and comments are less than kind. It is difficult for a producer to find anything good to say about an animal that has cost him so much.

Prescribed Coyote Control To Develop An “Open Window Policy” For Enhancing Deer Survival, Tommy L. Hailey

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Management of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) holds a high priority on many Texas ranches today The use of prescribed aerial control of coyotes to increase white-tailed deer productivity may provide wildlife managers with an economical management tool. I describe two case studies of ranches in the Lower Rolling Plains where prescribed coyote control has increased the deer herds.

Coyotes And Upland Gamebirds, Fred S. Guthrey

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

That coyotes (Canis latrans) destroy nests and individuals of bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) is well documented. In many situations, however, the removal of coyotes would have little observable effect on gamebird recruitment and population dynamics. This counterintuitive result occurs because (1) renesting reduces the hen failure rate and (2) loss sources other than coyotes become stronger when coyotes are removed from a predator–prey system.

Predation Impacts And Management Strategies For Reducing Coyote Damage To Cattle, Rickey L. Gilliland

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Loss of cattle to predators influences productivity of many livestock operations. Statistics indicate that coyote (Canis latrans) predation is a principle threat. Impacts to livestock resources by coyotes are appraised. Implementation of control strategies which capitalize on coyote dispersion and social interactions are discussed. Predator management to reduce livestock losses and promote a younger age structure in coyotes is suggested as a long term solution.

Estimating Livestock Losses, Charles Drain

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Most information published by the Texas Agricultural Statistics Service (TASS) is based on data gathered through a system of Sample Surveys. TASS regularly surveys sampled farms and ranches and agricultural businesses m order to make statistical inference (estimates) for a total population. The alternative to using a sample survey would be to make a complete enumeration or count of the entire population. Both cost and timely results favor the survey approach. This discussion is an attempt to explain the concepts and sampling methods TASS employs in conducting basic surveys, for both inventory and death loss data for cattle, sheep and …

Lethal Options For Controlling Coyotes, John W. Dorsett

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Lethal control methods are required to stop coyote depredation or to reduce the coyote population in an area. Various lethal control options are available, including traps, snares, shooting, denning and toxicants. The effectiveness, selectivity, and specificity of each method should be considered before being utilized. Each method requires varying degrees of skill and experience to be made effective. Usually a combination of control methods is most effective in coyote control situations.

Coyotes As Part Of Texas' Fur Trade, Jerry L. Cooke

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

One factor that potentially affects coyote (Canis latrans) abundance is recreational and commercial trapping for harvest of coyote fur. Herein I report how the economic impact of coyote pelts has changed from 1979–1994 for landowners and trappers from the Texas. Pelt values accounted for over 50% of the variability observed during this 15-year period. The future of this economic incentive for managing coyotes is questionable because of the impending ban by the European Union of furs from North America.

The Effects Of Control On Coyote Populations: Another Look, Guy E. Connolly

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Population dynamics models are useful for estimating coyote (Canis latrans) population responses to exploitation w well as to hypothetical birth intervention techniques At least 6 coyote simulation models have been developed over the past 25 years. This paper reviews the model developed by Connolly and Longhurst (1975), and identifies some potential improvements based upon new biological information and modem computing technology. The biological concepts embodied in the Connolly–Longhurst (C–L) model seem as valid In 1995 as they were in 1975. Newer studies have tended to reaffirm rather than revise earlier concepts of coyote population mechanics. One significant shortcoming …

The Coyote's Role In A Rabies Epizootic, Keith A. Clark, Pamela J. Wilson

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

In 1994, the canine rabies epizootic in South Texas was declared a state health emergency; a statewide rabies quarantine was enacted in 1995. Prior to 1988, rabid coyotes (Canis latrans) were reported only infrequently in Texas. In 1988, Stan and Hidalgo Counties, located In extreme South Texas, experienced an epizootic of canine rabies resulting in 11 laboratory-confirmed cases of canine rabies in domestic dogs and 6 cases in coyotes. By 1991, the epizootic had expanded approximately 100 miles north of the US–Mexico border and included 10 counties. During the next 3 % years, 10 additional counties became involved …

Management Of Coyotes For Pronghorn?, S. Kemble Canon

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) have co-existed for thousands of years, but in today's production-oriented society the Pronghorn may need some help periodically. Although pronghorn numbers have rebounded dramatically since the early 20th century, continued management of this species is necessary and may include management of its primarily predator, the coyote. Pronghorn defense mechanisms offer protection from predators, but the coyote's hunting strategies overcome these mechanisms The Trans-Pecos region of Texas holds the greatest numbers of pronghorn In the state. Ranchers in the Trans-Pecos can use predators, such as rainfall; strategies, such as proper …

Interpreting Physical Evidence Of Coyote Predation, James E. Bowns

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

There are situations where it is necessary to determine the cause of death of livestock, game animals, or other wildlife. Criteria used for recognizing predator kills are well known and scientifically documented. These criteria include the attack, killing and feeding behavior of predators as well as the characteristics of their tracks, droppings, and canine teeth size and spacing. Diagnostic criteria for recognizing coyote (Canis latrans), domestic dog, fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Vulpes vulpes), cougar (Felis concolor) , bobcat (Lynx rufus), bear (Ursus spp ), and eagle (mostly Aquila chrysaetos) predation …

Coyote Interactions With Other Carnivores, Terry L. Blakenship

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) occur sympatrically with several predators throughout their range. Habitat and food resources are similar, although the coyote typically utilizes a wider range of food items. Larger predators generally select larger prey, allowing predators of different sizes to coexist. Coyotes exhibit aggressive actions towards smaller predators, but in most cases they avoid contact with other predator species. Studies indicate that coyotes can exclude 01- displace foxes (Vulpes vulpes, Urocyon spp.), and an inverse relationship exists between abundance of coyotes and foxes. There is evidence suggesting that extensive reduction of coyote populations allows other predator …

Behavior Of Coyotes In Texas, William F. Andelt

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) live in social groups with relatively small territories or as single, non-territorial transients with large home ranges in southern Texas. Coyotes communicate and establish territories through auditory, olfactory, and visual means They consume mammals, fruits, and insects with their diets reflecting difference sin abundance and vulnerability of prey, effects of plant phenology and weather conditions. Coyotes have adapted to human exploration by avoiding humans and their control techniques. Because coyotes habituate to nonlethal control techniques (e.g. frightening devices), I suggest apply frightening devices only when coyotes are a problem. Lethal techniques likely will be most …

Selected Parameters Of The Reproductive Physiology And Endocrinology Of Coyotes, Max S. Amoss Jr., Connie M. Hodges

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The development of the reproductive system and the dynamics of reproductive hormones were studied in captive male and female coyotes (Canis latrans). Captive male coyotes exhibited incomplete sexual maturation at the first reproductive season (< 12 months of age). Peak serum testosterone levels in 1-year old males were 50% (300 ± 200 vs. 810 ± 300 pg testosterone/ml) and total sperm production was only 10% (57.4 ± 6.6 vs. 558.8 ± 26 x 10⁶ total sperm) of that observed in males older than 1 year. Yearling males were never observed copulating with a female. The sexual maturation of captive female coyotes was less equivocal than their male counterpart's. The pregnancy rate of yearling females was 40% compared to 63% m older females. Average peak serum LH values at the ovulatory surge were 33 ng/ml in yearling …

Performance Of Four Seed-Caching Corvid Species In Operant Tests Of Nonspatial And Spatial Memory, Deborah J. Olsen, Alan Kamil, Russell P. Balda, Pamela J. Nims

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

The performance of 4 seed-caching corvid species was tested using 2 different operant nonmatching tasks. These species differ in their dependence on stored food, and differences in spatial memory tests have been correlated with better performance by the more cache-dependent species. Acquisition and retention of a color non-matching-to-sample task was tested in Experiment 1. Acquisition of the color task was not correlated with cache dependence, and no differences between species in performance during memory testing were found. Acquisition and retention of an operant spatial non-matching-to-sample task was tested in Experiment 2. Species differences in the spatial task were found for …

Effect Of Semen Storage On The Number Of Spermatozoa In The Perivitelline Layer Of Laid Turkey Eggs, A. M. Donoghue, M. R. Bakst, D. R. Holsberger, D. J. Donoghue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A progressive decline in fertility over the course of egg production may be observed when turkey hens are inseminated weekly with semen stored for 24 h. In vitro storage of spermatozoa before insemination results in lower fertilization, possibly because fewer spermatozoa survive selection and storage in the hen's sperm storage tubules in vivo; alternatively, stored spermatozoa may be as capable of reaching the egg as are fresh spermatozoa, but unable to penetrate and fertilize the egg normally. The objective of this study was to determine whether this decline in fertility is a result of fewer spermatozoa reaching the egg …

New George Eliot Letters At The British Library, William Baker, Donald Hawes

The George Eliot Review Online, ISSN: 2831-5375

The British Library Catalogue of Additions to the Manuscripts New Series 1981-1985 (2 vols., London: The British Library, 1994), records the acquisition of new George Eliot letters to its holdings.' Its Index lists under 'Cross nee Evans ... "George Eliot''' three items: 'Letter to J. T. Delane from George Eliot, 1859.61891, f.88'; 'Letter to E. L. Stanley from George Eliot, 1869.61891, f.90'; 'Letters to Florence Hill from George Eliot, [1869-?]- 1873.61891, ff.92-101' (p. 410).

The text of George Eliot's [30 November 1859] letter of protest to Delane, Editor of the London Times, about Newby, the publisher's 'issuing a work under …

Impressions Of Theophrastus Such, Rosemary Ashton

The George Eliot Review Online, ISSN: 2831-5375

George Eliot's last published work, Impressions of Theophrastus Such (1879), has hitherto not been much read or attended to by readers, critics, or even scholars. Now two editions have appeared almost simultaneously, both annotated and furnished with readable introductions. While welcoming the revival of the book in this form, I have to confess to not having had my mind much changed about its merits by the skillful introductions of Nancy Henry and DJ. Enright.

The work still seems to me to be chiefly interesting for the extra light it occasionally throws on George Eliot's character representation in the novels, on …

Obituary Dorothy Edmands 1911-1995

The George Eliot Review Online, ISSN: 2831-5375

Dorothy Edmands had been a member of the George Eliot Fellowship for well over 30 years and during that time had been a most supportive member... She served on the Fellowship Council for very many of those years and, although a quiet and very modest lady, had been extremely generous. Whenever money was needed for whatever project, Dorothy was there with her ever open purse.

Dorothy trained to be a teacher at Furzedown College in London and began her teaching career at Stratford upon Avon. A few years later she moved to George Street School in Bedworth, her home town, …

Discussion Of Ronald T. Kozlowski And Stuart B. Mathewson's "Measuring And Managing Catastrophe Risk", Rade T. Musulin

Journal of Actuarial Practice (1993–2006)

Mr. Kozlowski and Mr. Mathewson's paper provides a good introduction to the development and use of models in the property insurance industry. It will be a valuable addition to the regrettably sparse actuarialliterature in this area. This discussion will offer several comments on the ideas raised in the paper, focusing on how models can be used to enhance an actuary's work. The use of models has sparked major controversies between regulators and insurers in several jurisdictions, notably Florida. Controversy is not limited to the regulatory arena, however. Because models are being used by reinsurers to rate contracts and by A.M. …

Review Of A Generation Of Boomers: The Pattern Of Railroad Labor Conflict In Nineteenth-Century America By Shelton Stromquist, James W. Ely Jr.

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Stromquist concentrates on the western railroads, where labor conflict was most acute, saying little about eastern and southern lines. He perceptively treats the sometimes overlooked role of the railroads in promoting western settlement and in establishing a string of railroad towns to service trains. Carefully researched and persuasively argued, this volume would be of value to readers interested in railroad labor history, the settlement of the west, or the growth of industrial America.