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A Tiger Problem In India, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

During the past decade, India has done wonders in re-establishing populations of rare and threatened wildlife. Project Tiger, initiated in 1973, has stimulated a successful conservation movement in India. But tigers, like all animals, do not recognize man's property lines and, as populations increase in the forest reserves, more and more tigers forage outside of the parks, killing livestock and people. The current methods and regulations of dealing with troublesome tigers (and elephants) that stray from the sanctuaries due to overpopulation social pressures, lack of food, old age, or other reasons may soon become inadequate as the value of human …

Twentieth Anniversary Of Vertebrate Pest Conferences In California, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

It is difficult for some of us to realize that the Vertebrate Pest Conferences in California were started 20 years ago. We have come a long way since the first one in Sacramento in 1962 to the very successful 3-day Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (VPC) opened by Chairperson Rex E. Marsh on 23 February 1982, in Monterey, California. When closing the Tenth Conference, incoming Chairperson for the 1984 VPC, Dell 0. Clark, pointed out that there were easily 550 people in attendance from 31 states, District of Columbia, and 15 foreign countries.

The Urban Coyote Problem In Los Angeles County, Robert G. Howell

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Extensive, urban development of hillside areas in Los Angeles County has created an undesirable human interface with coyotes (Canis latrans). Plentiful, readily available household garbage, pet foods, and water have spawned abnormal numbers of bold coyotes that have adopted residential properties and the human environment as ideal habitat. Consequently, at least six persons have been attacked, including the death of a three-year old child, during the past three years. Selective use of padded steel traps, shooting, and public education are presently being used in problem areas by the Agricultural Commissioner in an attempt to reindoctrinate these predators into returning to …

Problem Vertebrate Management In Zimbabwe, Mike J. F. Jarvis, Mike La Grange

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Zimbabwe is the second largest agricultural producer in Africa and is responsible for the regional food security plan of the Southern Africa Coordination Conference member countries (SADCC). Problem vertebrate management and research is an important function of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management, which is also responsible for conservation of natural resources in national parks. The country still contains large populations of wildlife species that at times conflict with man and his agricultural interests. Problem vertebrates and methods of control are briefly outlined.

Rodent Repellents For Planted Grain, Ron J. Johnson, Ann E. Koehler, Orvin C. Burnside

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) and other small rodents damage corn (Zea mays) stands by digging and consuming planted seeds and young seedlings, particularly in reduced-tillage fields. The use of reduced-tillage systems such as ecofarming provides greater dryland crop yields, conserves moisture, reduces soil erosion and provides suitable habitat for ground-nesting birds. The habitat available in these fields also allows various species of rodents to thrive. Reduced-tillage farming is expected to increase markedly in the years ahead; thus, rodent problems will increase as well. Seed repellents offer a promising and cost-effective method of controlling rodent damage to planted corn in …

A Review Of The Secondary Poisoning Hazard Potential To Wildlife From The Use Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Dale Kaukeinen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The utility and characteristics of the family of anticoagulant rodenticides are reviewed, including the new members difenacoum, bromadiolone and brodifacoum. General considerations are given in investigating the likelihood of nontarget poisoning with rodenticides. The literature dealing with secondary poisoning studies and concerns with the use of anticoagulant rodenticides is reviewed. The utility of laboratory toxicity data versus field-generated exposure data is compared. Considerations of secondary poisoning by anticoagulants are reviewed as regards parameters such as specific predator-prey systems, biotopes, rodenticide use patterns, and risk-benefit assessments. Finally, examples of appropriate field studies proposed to assess specific secondary poisoning risk situations associated …

Pigeon Control: An Integrated Approach, Colleen M. Martin, Lee R. Martin

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Reducing a pigeon population to a tolerable or minimal impact level is a subject about which one can find much antiquated and impractical information. Most technical literature reports on the biology of pigeons and associated disease factors. The intention of this paper is to describe the practical application of large-scale pigeon population reduction programs that have been at least 90% effective in 45 out of 46 cases over the past four years. Human relations, exclusion, trapping, toxic perches and Avitrol are discussed.

Traditional Approaches For Protecting Cereal Crops From Birds In Africa, P. Ruelle, R.L. Bruggers

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Despite the recent emphasis in Africa by national and regional plant protection organizations to control pest birds, traditional farmers usually are still left to their own initiative, as they have been for centuries, to protect their crops. These farmers employ many ingenious visual and oratory frightening techniques, barriers, agronomic planting or harvesting modifications, and bird population-suppression methods. Under some circumstances these methods can reduce damage. However, their effectiveness is subject to such variables as the season of the year, the type and maturation stage of the crop, the pest species and its abundance, the size and ownership of the field, …

Mountain Lion Predation On Domestic Livestock In Nevada, H. Russell Suminski

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The mountain lion has long been considered a serious predator on domestic livestock, primarily sheep, in the state of Nevada. For the past five years (FY77-81), documented losses to lions have averaged 375 animals. While this number is not large, most losses are sustained by only a few individual livestock operators, and the losses constitute a serious economic hardship for these individuals. An average of 23 lions have been taken in response to livestock depredation complaints during each of these five years. Controlling livestock loss to mountain lions is the responsibility of the Animal Damage Control branch of the U.S. …

The Use Of Fences For Predator Damage Control, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The development of exclusion fencing has been extensive in Australia in attempts to reduce losses of crops and livestock to rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), dingos (Canis familiaris Var. dingo) and other species. Restrictions on other damage control methods have led to increased efforts in the United States to utilize such fences for protection of crops and livestock from dogs (Canis familiaris), coyotes (Canis latrans) and other species. Electric fences have occasionally been used to protect apiaries from black bears (Ursus americanus) and to protect some wildlife species from carnivores. Varied fence types include conventional net-wire or combinations of net and barbed …

Bird Problems And Their Solutions In Britain, Ernest N. Wright

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The background and organization of research on bird pests in Britain are described and the main projects are outlined. Work is currently concentrated on bullfinches, starlings, rooks and woodpigeons together with behavioral studies aimed at developing better bird scarers.

A Comparison Of Selected Rodenticides For The Control Of The Common Valley Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Bottae), Barry R. Tickes, Lloyd K. Cheathem, John L. Stair

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The common valley pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae) has become a serious agricultural pest in certain regions of the Lower Colorado River Basin. The mechanical burrow-builder is the most economical and effective method of controlling this pest although many growers and some researchers have reported less-than-satisfactory results when using this technique with currently available rodenticides. Six formulations of three toxicants including strychnine, zinc phosphide and diphacinone were applied with the burrow-builder to assess their efficacy. Results indicated that negligible control is achieved with 0.35 and 0.5% strychnine although these are the most commonly used formulations in Arizona. Diphacinone also produced negligible …

American Oryctini: Strategus Verrilli Ratcliffe Rediscovered And Described, And New Records And Comments For Other Strategus And Hispanioryctes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Strategus verrilli Ratcliffe was rediscovered on Dominica and is here redescribed, and a neotype is designated. A second specimen of Strategus craigi Ratcliffe (from the Huachuca mountains in Arizona) is reported and provides a new country record for this species. A female of S. ajax (Olivier) is reported from the Bahamas. Strategus monguilloni Voirin is reaffirmed as a synonym of S. mandibularis Sternberg, and the correct identification of the female allotype of S. gracilis Endrodi is questioned. Hispanioryctes wittmeri Howden and EndrCidi is reported from Haiti.

Agricultural Experiment Station News February 1982

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
PROFESSIONAL COURTESY
SAHS SEZ
SANDHILLS TASK FORCE FORMED
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
COMPETITIVE AND SPECIAL GRANTS
New Experiment Station Personnel
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - January 1982
Journal Abstracts - Submitted for Publication
BULLETINS PRINTED

Resurgence Of Nilaparvata Lugens (Stål) Populations As Influenced By Method And Timing Of Insecticide Applications In Lowland Rice, E. A. Heinrichs, G. B. Aquino, S. Chelliah, S. L. Valencia, W. H. Reissig

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Resurgence of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) after insecticide application is a common phenomenon in rice in South and Southeast Asia. Among other insecticides inducing resurgence, carbofuran, decamethrin, and methyl parathion were selected for this study. Of the various methods of carbofuran application tested, foliar sprays were most active in inducing resurgence. Extent of resurgence was highly influenced by time of insecticide application. Sprays of methyl parathion and decamethrin applied 50 and 65 days after transplanting (DT) induced resurgence in the third generation of N. lugens at ca. 90 DT, whereas earlier applications had little effect. The cause(s) for resurgence was not …

Communication Resources - Mississippi 1982, Will Norton Jr.

College of Journalism and Mass Communications: Faculty Publications

Rapid changes are occurring around the world in all areas of activity but perhaps no change is as dramatic as that occurring in the communication, or knowledge-processing, industry. It is clear that the communication industry will continue to be a growth industry, and it is also clear that Mississippi needs to be ready for this growth.
The present status of the communication industry in the state can be quickly summarized. There are 126 newspapers in the state - 26 dailies and 100 weeklies. Approximately 5,800 people are employed in publishing and printing, with many of these in the newspaper business. …

Insurance Policy Conditions And The Nebraska Contribute To The Loss Statute: A Primer And A Partial Critique, Robert Works

Nebraska College of Law: Faculty Publications

This Article will examine the role of the contribute to the loss standard in Nebraska. It will not tackle the much larger question of how Nebraska treats failures of insurance policy conditions; indeed, one major theme not pursued here concerns how the application of various interpretive techniques and equitable doctrines may help to relieve pressures for a more sweeping statutory standard. Instead, this Article will concentrate on questions of application and effect arising directly from the presence of the contribute to the loss statute. This review will proceed in two steps. The first part of this Article will examine problems …

Wo111en!S Studies University Of Nebraska-Lincoln Newsletter, Phyllis Schroeder

Women's and Gender Studies Program: Information and Materials

This is UNL's first Women's Studies program newsletter. As members of the Women's Studies department, we feel it is important to have strong lines of communication between faculty and students, as well as with the general public.

We welcome readers' suggestions as to what format our next newsletter should have, and we also welcome any articles, book reviews, poetry, or other interesting items pertaining to Women's Studies.

Submit articles for the newsletter to Moira Ferguson's office in Andrews Hall. Your input would be very much appreciated. Thank.

Heg82-167 Leadership Roles Group Members Play, Duane A. Olsen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Although personal freedom, independence, and the opportunity to "do your own thing" are highly valued, group activities dominate our lives. People willingly, even eagerly, give up freedom and independence to join groups and organizations. Calendars are filled with the activities of religious groups, business or professional organizations, recreational teams, civic clubs and others.

Effective leadership is a key element in the success of all groups and organizations. Whether the title is president, director, or chair, progress is measured by the success of the group or organization.

Viruses Of Symbiotic Chlorella-Like Algae Isolated From Paramecium Bursaria And Hydra Viridis, James L. Van Etten, Russel H. Meints, Daniel Kuczmarski, Dwight E. Burbank, Kit Lee

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

We previously reported that isolation of symbiotic Chloreila-like algae from the Florida strain of Hydra viridis induced replication of a virus (designated HVCV-1) in the algae. We now report that isolation ofsymbiotic Chlorella-like algae from four other sources of green hydra and one source ofthe protozoan Paramecium bursaria also induced virus synthesis. Algae from one of these hydra contained a virus identical to HVCV-1 (based on its rate of sedimentation, buoyant density, reaction to HVCV-1 antiserum, and DNA restriction fragments) whereas algae from the other three hydra contained. another similar, but distinct, virus (designated HVCV-2). The virus from the paramecium …

Resource Management Thrusts And Opportunities: National Parks And Wildlife Refuges, G. Ray Arnett

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Well, it's been an interesting year. Somehow, it got to be very convenient for some folks to misconstrue what the Secretary had said. Some of those folks just seemed determined to make James Watt a household name-and they succeeded. And those same folks succeeded, too, in increasing the membership roles of a few of the environmental groups. But I don't think they succeeded very well in listening to and understanding what the Secretary said a year ago .... So, as succinctly and plainly as possible, I will spell out again that the goals of this Administration weren't designed to create …

Development And Use Of A Habitat Gradient Model To Evaluate Wildlife Habitat, Henry L. Short

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Ecologists and wildlife managers are increasingly confronted with the problems of predicting the value of surface cover as wildlife habitat and developing management alternatives to offset wildlife values lost because of land-use change. These problems have become urgent and more acute because of increased demand for products from the land and diminished fiscal and manpower resources for obtaining meaningful environmental information for the decision maker. This paper describes a relatively rapid, simple, and quantitative process for evaluating the quality of an area as wildlife habitat.

Estimation Of Components Of Variance By Method 3 And Henderson's New Method, G. F. S. Hudson, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An algorithm for Method 3 for estimation of components of variance in a mixed model including fixed herd-year-season, genetic groups, and random sires nested within groups is presented. Computational aspects of the algorithm are discussed and compared with those of a new method of Henderson's. The new method involves equating quadratic forms based on approximate best linear unbiased prediction solutions to their expected values. Relative computing effort for the two methods depended on the ease of eliminating equations for fixed effects and on the number of traits. Numerical estimates from the two methods were similar. When the Method 3 estimate …

Black Elk Speaks As Epic And Ritual Attempt To Reverse History, Paul A. Olson

Department of English: Faculty Publications

Modern Siouan storytellers make a distinction in speaking of the difference between bedtime and sacred stories. Moreover, Lakota masters of the sacred arts are inveterate constructors of figural or allegorical systems. They interpret, apply, and reapply the iconological resources of their culture through ritual, myth, storytelling, symbolic action, and clothing. This Sioux symbolic tradition is one context in which John G. Neihardt's Black Elk Speaks (1932) must be understood. Conceptualizing it as an epic may assist both Western and non-Western readers to clarify the uses to which a culture's symbol system may be put in mediating conflicting values, especially those …

Interactions Of Northern Fur Seals And Commercial Fisheries, Charles W. Fowler

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Under international agreement, the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is managed with the objective of obtaining a maximum sustainable yield. Currently the harvest is restricted to subadult males; however, between 1956 and 1968 the fur seal population of the Pribilof Islands was subjected to a harvest of females. This harvest was justified, in part, as an attempt to stimulate the production of greater quantities of harvestable animals (Chapman 1981). A reduction in the population occurred during this period as can be seen in Figure 1. As described in York and Hartley (1981), the female harvest itself provides an …

4-H 192 Leader Guide 4-H Veterinary Science Units I, Ii, And Iii, Duane Rice

Nebraska 4-H Clubs: Historical Materials and Publications

Extension Circular 4-H 192: Leader Guide/ Veterinary Science Units I,II,& III. This circular is a guide for science leader to develop and maintain their skills to benefit others.

G82-623 An Overview Of Concrete As A Building Material, David P. Shelton, James M. Harper

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The general properties of concrete are discussed, as well as its components and their proportions. Includes decisions customers should consider before using concrete.

Concrete, specifically portland cement concrete, has the qualities of strength, durability, versatility, and economy, and can be placed or molded into virtually any shape and reproduce any surface texture. It is the most widely used construction material in the world. In the United States almost twice as much portland cement concrete is used as all other construction materials combined.

California's Central Valley Wintering Waterfowl: Concerns And Challenges, David S. Gilmer, Michael R. Miller, Richard D. Bauer, John R. Ledonne

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Few places on the North American continent can boast of the concentrations of migratory birds that winter in the Central Valley of California. Long before agriculture and industrialization came west, this great valley served as a major wintering ground for millions of migratory birds. Fall flights of waterfowl, shorebirds, waders, raptors, and passerines returned annually to inhabit the vast wetland, riparian, and grassland habitats which covered the valley floor (Dasmann 1966, Bakker 1971).
Major changes in the Central Valley during the last century have profoundly influenced its physical and biological features. Wetland, riparian, and grassland habitats have been devastated by …

Current Status And Management Challenges For Tule White-Fronted Geese, Daniel E. Timm, Michael L. Wege, David S. Gilmer

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Since large, dark tule white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons gam belli Hartlaub) were first described in Texas over a century ago by Hartlaub (1852), and again 65 years later in California by Swarth and Bryant (1917), tule geese have been the subject of at least 14 studies in California and 8 attempts to locate summering birds in the Artic. Central questions of these efforts have been: Is the tule goose a distinct subspecies? What is their range and population size? How can the birds be identified? and What threatens their existence?
The purpose of this paper is to present the …

Production Of Shigella Dysenteriae Type 1-Like Cytotoxin By Escherichia Coli, Alison D. O'Brien, Gerald D. Laveck, Michael R. Thompson, Samuel B. Formal

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Strains of Escherichia coli previously implicated or proven to be causes of diarrhea were examined for production of a toxin similar to that of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga). Organisms grown in an iron-depleted broth were lysed by pressure disruption followed by ultracentrifugation. Saline-dialyzed extracts were tested for cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells that were neutralizable with antiserum to Shiga toxin. Among the 13 E. coli strains so analyzed, 11 made a Shiga-like cytotoxin in levels ranging from trace (two avirulent isolates) to amounts equivalent to S. dysenteriae type 1 (two noninvasive strains that did not make E. coli heat-labile …