Digital Commons Network^™

How Is Flash Drought Understood?—Experts’ Definitions And Decision-Makers’ Perceptions, Caily Schwartz, Tonya Haigh, Mark D. Svoboda, Madeline Goebel

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Because flash drought is a relatively new phenomenon in drought research, defining the concept is critical for scientists and decision-makers. Having detrimental impacts on many sectors, it is important to have a consistent definition and understanding of flash drought, between experts and stakeholders, to provide early warning to the community. This study focuses on onset and progression of conditions and demonstrates the difference in flash drought identification for 15 events across six quantitative definitions of flash drought that use the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM). Five flash drought events have been studied in the literature while 10 additional events have been …

Dousing The Flame: Reviewing The Mechanisms Of Inflammatory Programming During Stress-Induced Intrauterine Growth Restriction And The Potential For Ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intervention, Melanie White, Dustin T. Yates

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) arises when maternal stressors coincide with peak placental development, leading to placental insufficiency. When the expanding nutrient demands of the growing fetus subsequently exceed the capacity of the stunted placenta, fetal hypoxemia and hypoglycemia result. Poor fetal nutrient status stimulates greater release of inflammatory cytokines and catecholamines, which in turn lead to thrifty growth and metabolic programming that benefits fetal survival but is maladaptive after birth. Specifically, some IUGR fetal tissues develop enriched expression of inflammatory cytokine receptors and other signaling cascade components, which increases inflammatory sensitivity even when circulating inflammatory cytokines are no longer elevated …

United States Department Of Education Response To The Office Of Science And Technology Policy Memo, 2022: Public Access Plan (September 2023)

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

DoED response to OSTP memo, 2022: Public Access Plan (September 2023)

Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis And Cognitive, Emotional, And Behavioral Changes In Rodents: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Shivdeep S. Hayer, Soonjo Hwang, Jonathan B. Clayton

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

There are previous epidemiological studies reporting associations between antibiotic use and psychiatric symptoms. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and alteration of microbiota-gut-brain axis communication has been proposed to play a role in this association. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed published articles that have presented results on changes in cognition, emotion, and behavior in rodents (rats and mice) after antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis. We searched three databases—PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS to identify such articles using dedicated search strings and extracted data from 48 articles. Increase in anxiety and depression-like behavior was reported in 32.7 and 40.7 percent of the …

Implementation Of Participatory Research In Vulnerable Context: Methodological Strategies And Challenges, Bruna Larissa Seibel, Raysa Schmitz Serafim, Nathassia Santos Da Silva, José Antônio Caetano Araújo, Paul Russell Springer, Cody S. Hollist

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Participatory methods contribute to scientific rigor by highlighting the contextual needs, especially of underrepresented populations, making them protagonists in the process of social change. This article aims to present the application of a participatory research method, called Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), in a context of social vulnerability in southern Brazil. It seeks to discuss the challenges and strengths of the method, which provides ecological validity for the development of public policies appropriate to the context, while empowering the participants. The research has been carried out since 2019 and, among the inherent challenges, has also faced the difficulties posed by the …

Architecture, Construction, Retention, And Repair Of Faecal Shields In Three Tribes Of Tortoise Beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae: Cassidini, Mesomphaliini, Spilophorini), Caroline Simmrita Chaboo, Sally Adam, Kenji Nishida, Luke Schletzbaum

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Animal constructions are the outcomes of complex evolutionary, behavioural, and ecological forces. A brief review of diverse animal builders, the materials used, and the functions they provide their builders is provided to develop approaches to studying faecal-based constructions and faecal-carrying in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Field studies, rearing, dissections, photography, and films document shields constructed by larvae in two species in two tribes of the subfamily Cassidinae, Calyptocephala attenuata (Spaeth, 1919) (Spilophorini), and Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1853 (Cassidini). Natural history notes on an undetermined Cassidini species and Stolas cucullata (Boheman, 1862) (Tribe Mesomphaliini) outline the life cycle of tortoise beetles …

Role Of The Placenta In Developmental Programming: Observations From Models Using Large Animals, L. P. Reynolds, C. R. Dahlen, A. K. Ward, M. S. Crouse, P. P. Borowicz, B. J. Davila-Ruiz, C. Kanjanaruch, K. A. Bochantin, K. J. Mclean, K. L. Mccarthy, A. C.B. Menezes, W. J.S. Diniz, R. A. Cushman, J. S. Caton

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Developmental programming, which proposes that “insults” or “stressors” during intrauterine or postnatal development can have not only immediate but also long-term consequences for healthy and productivity, has emerged as a major biological principle, and based on studies in many animal species also seems to be a universal phenomenon. In eutherians, the placenta appears to be programmed during its development, which has consequences for fetal growth and development throughout pregnancy, and likewise has long-term consequences for postnatal development, leading to programming of organ function of the offspring even into adulthood. This review summarizes our current understanding of the placenta’s role in …

Making Data Management Plans Machine Actionable: Templates And Tools, Joakim Philipson, Adil Hasan, Hanne Moa

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Since September of 2019, a task group within the European Open Science Cloud - EOSC Nordic Project, work-package 5 (T5.3.2), has focused its attention on machine-actionable Data Management Plans (maDMPs). A delivery working-paper from the group (Hasan et al. 2021) concluded in summary that extracting useful information from traditional free-text based DMPs is problematic. While maDMPs are generally more FAIR compliant, and as such accessible to both humans and machines, more interoperable with other systems, and serving different stakeholders for processing, sharing, evaluation and reuse. Different DMP tools and templates have developed independently, to a varying degree, allowing for the …

Plant Height Estimation Using Rtk-Gnss Enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav) Photogrammetry, Pascal Izere

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based remote sensing technology to provide high-throughput plant phenotypic traits has shown a great potential of eliminating manual measurements. For example, the use of UAV imaging to estimate plant height is of great interest to plant breeders and agronomists. Height is linked to a plant’s physical growth, light competition, health, biomass, and yield; thus, its accurate estimation is crucial in breeding. Conventionally, accurate height estimation by UAV platforms relies heavily on the use of ground control points (GCPs) for geometric calibration due to the relatively low positioning accuracy of regular differential global navigation satellite system …

Resistant Potato Starch Supplementation Reduces Serum Histamine Levels In Healthy Adults With Links To Attenuated Intestinal Permeability, Jason R. Bush, Jun Han, Edward C. Deehan, Scott V. Harding, Madhura Maiya, Joshua Baisley, David Schibli, David R. Goodlett

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Histamine from our diet or gut microbes can trigger gastrointestinal disturbances, and resistant potato starch (RPS) has previously been shown to alleviate these symptoms while increasing levels of health-associated bacteria such as Akkermansia through unknown mechanisms. Post hoc exploratory metabolomic analysis of serum amino acid, amine, and carnitine metabolites in participants consuming 3.5 g/day RPS or placebo (n = 48) was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine whether RPS positively influences histamine metabolism and related parameters. Histamine levels were significantly reduced by RPS treatment, but histamine-degrading enzyme products were unaffected by RPS. RPS also reduced histamine-secreting Haemophilus and Lactobacillus …

The Patchwork Governance Of Ecologically Available Water: A Case Study In The Upper Missouri Headwaters, Montana, United States, Amanda E. Cravens, Julia B. Goolsby, Theresa Jedd, Deborah J. Bathke, Shelley Crausbay, Ashley E. Cooper, Jason Dunham, Tonya Haigh, Kimberly R. Hall, Michael J. Hayes, Jamie Mcevoy, Rebecca L. Nelson, Markéta Poděbradská, Aaron Ramirez, Elliot Wickham, Dionne Zoanni

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Institutional authority and responsibility for allocating water to ecosystems (“ecologically available water” [EAW]) is spread across local, state, and federal agencies, which operate under a range of statutes, mandates, and planning processes. We use a case study of the Upper Missouri Headwaters Basin in southwestern Montana, United States, to illustrate this fragmented institutional landscape. Our goals are to (a) describe the patchwork of agencies and institutional actors whose intersecting authorities and actions influence the EAW in the study basin; (b) describe the range of governance mechanisms these agencies use, including laws, policies, administrative programs, and planning processes; and (c) assess …

Evaluation Of Tissue Depth, Captive Bolt Penetration Force And Energy, And Potential For Bolt-Thalamus Contact In Cadaver Heads From Physically Castrated Market Barrows And Immunocastrated Boars, Emma M. Hamilton, Karly N. Anderson, Ashlynn A. Kirk, Katherine D. Bishop, Joseph Joseph Shakal, Kurt D. Vogel

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The main objective of this study was to describe tissue thicknesses of cadaver heads from physically castrated market barrows (PC MARKET BARROWS) and immunocastrated boars (IC BOARS) at the frontal penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placement. Other objectives were to describe differences in bolt force and energy requirements to penetrate and describe potential for bolt-thalamus contact. Forty-four heads were obtained from PC MARKET BARROWS (n = 22) and IC BOARS (n = 22) of similar age and size that were rendered insensible with CO₂. Mean HCW was 117.32 ± 3.52 kg. Snout to poll distance (cm) and …

Shortening Harvest Interval, Reaping Benefits? A Study On Harvest Practices In Oil Palm Smallholder Farming Systems In Indonesia, Rosanne E. De Vos, Lisa Nurfalah, Fatima A. Tenorio, Ya Li Lim, Juan Pablo Monzon, Christopher R. Donough, Hendra Sugianto, Asri A. Dwiyahreni, Nurul L. Winarni, Nadia Mulani, Gilang Ramadhan, Muhammad Ali Imran, Antonius P. Tito, Pandu Sulistiawan, Muhammad Khoirul, Rana Farrasati, Iput Pradiko, Patricio Grassini, Maja Slingerland

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

CONTEXT: Smallholders are responsible for a large share of global palm oil production. Yet, in Indonesia, the main palm oil producing country, smallholders’ yields remain low. Better management practices, including short harvest interval (HI, the number of days between two harvest rounds), could help to raise smallholder yields. However, at present, HI is long in smallholder fields and the drivers underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE: We explored agronomic, socio-economic, and institutional factors that underlie harvesting practices in independent oil palm smallholder farming systems in Indonesia to assess scope for sustainable intensification through shorter HI and reduced …

Implementing Informatics Tools With Data Management Plans For Disease Area Research, Vivek Navale, Matthew Mcauliffe

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Data management plans (DMPs) are essential to a research data life cycle. The DMPs should be developed as part of the research programs to be effective. For disease area research, integrating research community-recommended data standards during collection can enhance the likelihood of data reuse. Informatics tools are required as part of DMPs with the aim of data being findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable.

The United States National Institutes of Health supports various disease area research programs and has recently finalized the Data Management and Sharing Policy. The policy highlights the importance of sharing data and metadata, including information on various …

Introducing High School Biology Students To Biochemistry With A Short, Content-Oriented Module, Archer Harrold, Allison Cruikshank, Bryan Penas, Rebecca Roston

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Many STEM disciplines are underrepresented to High School students. This is problematic as many students' decisions for college are shaped by their experiences and achievements in high school. Short content-oriented modules have been shown to encourage science identity and otherwise benefit the students' learning. Following the ASBMB's outreach protocol, we developed a short content-oriented module aimed at a high school biology classroom. Students interacted with 3D models of DNA and transcription factors while exploring structure–function relationships and introductory biochemistry topics. The high school teacher was impressed with the students' response to the module, specifically the ease with which students learned, …

Leucocytozoon Cariamae N. Sp. And Haemoproteus Pulcher Coinfection In Cariama Cristata (Aves: Cariamiformes): First Mitochondrial Genome Analysis And Morphological Description Of A Leucocytozoid In Brazil, Lis Marques De C. Vieira, Pedro Henrique O. Pereira, Daniel Ambrózio Da Rocha Vilela, Irène Landau, M. Andreína Pacheco, Ananias A. Escalante, Francisco C. Ferreira, Érika Martins Braga

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The distribution of avian haemosporidians of the genus Leucocytozoon in the Neotropics remains poorly understood. Recent studies confirmed their presence in the region using molecular techniques alone, but evidence for gametocytes and data on putative competent hosts for Leucocytozoon are still lacking outside highland areas. We combined morphological and molecular data to characterize a new Leucocytozoon species infecting a non-migratory red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata), the first report of a competent host for Leucocytozoon in Brazil. Leucocytozoon cariamae n. sp. is distinguished from the Leucocytozoon fringillinarum group by its microgametocytes that are not strongly appressed to the host cell …

Changing The Economic And Social Institutions Of Lincoln Nebraska To Benefit Climate Change Refugees From The Central American Region, Calvin W. Martin

RURALS: Review of Undergraduate Research in Agricultural and Life Sciences

Climate change will negatively impact many regions of the world. Perhaps one of the worst affected regions will be Central America. The effects of climate change will cause social and economic unrest in the Central American region and will be the catalyst for widespread migration into the United States. In order to repatriate Central American climate refugees, the federal government of the United States may have to rely on federal resettlement areas such as Lincoln Nebraska. The city government of Lincoln Nebraska and the federal government can improve the quality of life for Central American climate refugees by implementing polices …

Changes In An Enzyme Ensemble During Catalysis Observed By High Resolution Xfel Crystallography, Nathan J. Smith, Medhanjali Dasgupta, David C. Wych, Cole Dolamore, Raymond G. Sierra, Stella Lisova, Darya Marchany-Rivera, Aina E. Cohen, Sébastien Boutet, Mark S. Hunter, Christopher Kupitz, Frédéric Poitevin, Frank R. Moss Iii, Aaron S. Brewster, Nicholas K. Sauter, Iris D. Young, Alexander M. Wolff, Virendra K. Tiwari, Nivesh Kumar, David B. Berkowitz, Ryan G. Hadt, Michael C. Thompson, Alec H. Follmer, Mark A. Wilson

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Enzymes populate ensembles of structures with intrinsically different catalytic proficiencies that are difficult to experimentally characterize. We use time-resolved mix-and-inject serial crystallography (MISC) at an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) to observe catalysis in a designed mutant (G150T) isocyanide hydratase (ICH) enzyme that enhances sampling of important minor conformations. The active site exists in a mixture of conformations and formation of the thioimidate catalytic intermediate selects for catalytically competent substates. A prior proposal for active site cysteine charge-coupled conformational changes in ICH is validated by determining structures of the enzyme over a range of pH values. A combination of large …

Assessing Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent Signal Variability As A Biomarker Of Brain Injury In Sport-Related Concussion, Evan D. Anderson, Tanveer Talukdar, Grace Goodwin, Valentina Di Pietro, Kamal M. Yakoub, Christopher E. Zwilling, David Davies, Antonio Belli, Aron K. Barbey

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Mild traumatic brain injury is a complex neurological disorder of significant concern among athletes who play contact sports. Athletes who sustain sport-related concussion typically undergo physical examination and neurocognitive evaluation to determine injury severity and return-to-play status. However, traumatic disruption to neurometabolic processes can occur with minimal detectable anatomic pathology or neurocognitive alteration, increasing the risk that athletes may be cleared for return-to-play during a vulnerable period and receive a repetitive injury. This underscores the need for sensitive functional neuroimaging methods to detect altered cerebral physiology in concussed athletes. The present study compared the efficacy of Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and …

Prevalence And Factors Associated With Vaping Cannabidiol Among Us Adolescents, Hongying Daisy Dai, Roma Subramanian, Avina Mahroke, Ming Wang

College of Journalism and Mass Communications: Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE e-Cigarette use and vaping marijuana (cannabis) are popular among US adolescents. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound found in the cannabis plant that has recently increased in use.

OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence of and factors associated with youths vaping CBD

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study included a nationally representative sample of students from middle and high schools (typical age, 11-18 years) in the US from the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey, conducted from January to May 2022.

EXPOSURE Demographic characteristics, harm perception of tobacco use, and vaping behaviors.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcomes were weighted …

Electrically Induced Cancellation And Inversion Of Piezoelectricity In Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2, Haidong Lu, Dong-Jik Kim, Hugo Aramberri, Marco Holzer, Pratyush Buragohain, Sangita Dutta, Uwe Schroeder, Veeresh Deshpande, Jorge Íñiguez, Alexei Gruverman, Catherine Dubourdieu

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

HfO2-based thin films hold huge promise for integrated devices as they show full compatibility with semiconductor technologies and robust ferroelectric properties at nanometer scale. While their polarization switching behavior has been widely investigated, their electromechanical response received much less attention so far. Here, we demonstrate that piezoelectricity in Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ ferroelectric capacitors is not an invariable property but, in fact, can be intrinsically changed by electrical field cycling. Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ capacitors subjected to ac cycling undergo a continuous transition from a positive effective piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ in the pristine state to …

Dna Methylation Networks Underlying Mammalian Traits, Amin Haghani

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Comparative epigenomics is an emerging field that combines epigenetic signatures with phylogenetic relationships to elucidate species characteristics such as maximum life span. For this study, we generated cytosine DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles (n = 15,456) from 348mammalian species using amethylation array platform that targets highly conserved cytosines.

RATIONALE: Nature has evolved mammalian species of greatly differing life spans. To resolve the relationship ofDNAmwith maximum life span and phylogeny, we performed a largescale cross-species unsupervised analysis. Comparative studies in many species enables the identification of epigenetic correlates of maximum life span and other traits.

RESULTS: We …

Machine Learning Techniques To Predict The Air Quality Using Meteorological Data In Two Urban Areas In Sri Lanka, Lakindu Mampitiya, Namal Rathnayake, Lee P. Leon, Vishwanadham Mandala, Hazi Md. Azamathulla, Sherly Shelton, Yukinobu Hoshino, Upaka Rathnayake

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The effect of bad air quality on human health is a well-known risk. Annual health costs have significantly been increased in many countries due to adverse air quality. Therefore, forecasting air quality-measuring parameters in highly impacted areas is essential to enhance the quality of life. Though this forecasting is usual in many countries, Sri Lanka is far behind the state-of-the-art. The country has increasingly reported adverse air quality levels with ongoing industrialization in urban areas. Therefore, this research study, for the first time, mainly focuses on forecasting the PM₁₀ values of the air quality for the two urbanized areas …

Ten Questions Concerning Smart And Healthy Built Environments For Older Adults, Sanjay Kumar, Samuel H. Underwood, Julie L. Masters, Natalie A. Manley, Iason Konstantzos, Josephine Lau, Ryan Haller, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

In the past decade, the term ‘global aging’ has gained much attention among researchers, policymakers, civil societies, and governments worldwide. The continuous decline in fertility rates and increased life expectancy have resulted in an ongoing demographic transition where the share of adults aged 65 or older is increasing and outnumbering children younger than five years. In the United States and other developed countries, this rapid demographic transition is expected to continue to strain the existing health infrastructure as it becomes increasingly challenging to ensure healthy living environments for older adults. The ten questions and answers in this paper have been …

Temporal Transcriptomic Profiling Elucidates Sorghum Defense Mechanisms Against Sugarcane Aphids, Heena Puri, Sajjan Grover, Lise Pingault, Scott E. Sattler, Joe Louis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Background The sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari) has emerged as a key pest on sorghum in the United States that feeds from the phloem tissue, drains nutrients, and inflicts physical damage to plants. Previously, it has been shown that SCA reproduction was low and high on sorghum SC265 and SC1345 plants, respectively, compared to RTx430, an elite sorghum male parental line (reference line). In this study, we focused on identifying the defense-related genes that confer resistance to SCA at early and late time points in sorghum plants with varied levels of SCA resistance.

Results We used RNA-sequencing approach to …

Biology Of The Sineguelas Leaf Beetle, Podontia Quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), On Spondias Purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) In The Philippines, Orlando A. Calcetas, Charles L. Staines, Caroline Simmrita Chaboo, Rachel Ann A. Anabo, Monalisa O. Recuenco

Insecta Mundi

Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae), native to the Neotropical region, is cultivated in the Phil­ippines for the edible fruits and the tree is economically significant. The adventive leaf beetle, Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), has become a major defoliating pest of the tree in the country. The Philippines government has initiated study of the pest, now locally called the sineguelas leaf beetle (SLB). This paper reports the results of a one-year field study on the biology of SLB on S. purpurea (red sineguelas), in Batangas City, Philippines. The SLB eggs hatch in 5–7 days. The larval period is 14–16 …

Comparison Of Library Publishing Workflows By Oa Model, Sue Ann Gardner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Presentations

Population of an institutional repository is a form of publishing. Green and diamond OA library publishing workflows are compared. The workflow for gold OA does not involve library publishing. Some data about the UNL Digital Commons institutional repository (https://digitalcommons.unl.edu) are included.

Flex-Ro: Development And Testing Of A Semi-Autonomous Robotic Planter, Ian Tempelmeyer

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The need for more crop production with minimal negative environmental impact is a continuing pursuit around the world. As the population continues to increase at an exponential rate, the demand for food, fiber, fuel, and energy also increases. Robotics and automation are seen as one of the useful technology tools to increase field productivity. This work specifically focuses on addressing labor challenges for one of the most important field operations, planting. A robotic planter unit was designed as part of this work that mounted on unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) to perform autonomous planting operation in a 1 ha (2.5 acre) …

The Labé Question: A New Stylometric Analysis, Ryan Schmid

Department of Modern Languages and Literatures: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In 2006, a theory was put forward concerning sixteenth-century poet Louise Labé and her work- both her prose and her poetry. Mireille Huchon, in her 2006 study Louise Labé, une créature de papier, claims that Labé’s work, and indeed a large part of her identity itself, was a fabrication invented by several poets of the 1500s. Huchon describes Labé as a “mystery” and an “enigma,” noting the relatively scant biographical details that we know of Labé’s life (Huchon, pp. 7-11). Perhaps needless to say, this claim stirred up a bit of controversy- many reacted negatively to Huchon’s thesis, not only …

The Nebraska Criminal Law Practitioner's Guide To Representing Non-Citizens In State Court Proceedings, 2023 Edition, Kevin Ruser

The Nebraska Criminal Law Practitioner's Guide to Representing Non-Citizens in State Court Proceedings

PREFACE TO THE 2023 EDITION I promised myself, after the long-overdue revisions reflected in the 2021 edition, that I would do my best to update this Guide every year. This is the second installment on that pledge. Although there have been modest changes these past two years, there are still important updates incorporated into this year’s edition. I have also expanded on some of the topics that appeared in the 2021-2022 editions, as my thinking – and caselaw – continue to evolve.

On March 31, 2010, the lives of criminal law practitioners changed dramatically. On that day, the United States …