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Climatic Change And The Initial Middle Missouri Tradition, David L. Cook

Nebraska Anthropologist

It has been postulated that a favorable climatic change occurs worldwide at approximately 900 A.D. At this same time, many cultures expanded and many cultures appeared for the first time, specifically the Initial Middle Missouri Variant in North and South Dakota. In this paper, I will try to demonstrate that a climatic change did occur worldwide, that cultures do respond and change to shifts in climate, and I will try to demonstrate the responses of certain cultures to the 900 A.D. climatic change. Specifically, I will try to show what may have happened to the Initial Middle Missouri culture area …

An Analysis Of The "Actual Use" Valuation Procedure Of Section 2032a, Bradley D. Holtorf

Nebraska Law Review

In recent years the value of America's farmland has increased at a phenomenal rate. Normally, farmland is valued at its fair market value for purposes of assessing the federal estate tax. Under section 20.2031-1(b) of the treasury regulations, this means, among other things, that farm property will be valued at its highest and best use, even though the valuation cannot be justified because of the lack of profitability of the farm or small business. This valuation method, combined with the gradually progressive rate of the federal estate tax, has resulted in the heirs being faced with higher estate taxes. In …

Comparison Of Coyote And Coyote X Dog Hybrid Food Habits In Southeastern Nebraska, Brian R. Mahan

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The recent taxonomic study by Mahan et al. (1978) documented the occurrence of coyote (Canis latrans) X dog (C. familiaris) hybrids in Nebraska. This study, and those by Freeman (1976) in Oklahoma and Gipson et al. (1974) in Arkansas show coyote x dog hybrids, though not abundant, to be numerous in some areas. The purpose of the present study was to compare the stomach contents of coyote x dog hybrids collected by Mahan et al. (1978) from southeastern Nebraska with those of contemporary coyotes. Stomachs of 12 coyote x dog hybrids and 16 coyotes collected November …

Karyotypes Of Shrews Of The Genera Cryptotis And Blarina (Mammalia: Soricidae), Hugh H. Genoways, James C. Patton Iii, J. R. Choate

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Cryptotis parva has a diploid number of 52 and a fundamental number of 50. Blarina brevicauda in Nebraska and Pennsylvania has a diploid number of 49 or 50 and a fundamental number of 48. Blarina carolinensis in Nebraska and Kansas has a diploid number of 52 and a fundamental number of 62. The X-chromosome in all 3 species is a large metacentric chromosome. The Y-chromosome is a small acrocentric in Blarina, whereas in Cryptotis it is a small subtelocentric.

The Hognose Snake: A Prairie Survivor For Ten Million Years, M. R. Voorhies, R. G. Corner, Harvey L. Gunderson

University of Nebraska State Museum: Programs Information

Because they hiss and strike violently when aroused, the harmless little hognose snakes are often considered to be poisonous by people who encounter them. They are not venomous but are truly remarkable animals with specialized behavior and anatomy unusually well suited for life in the grasslands of central North America.

The University of Nebraska State Museum has recently acquired fossil evidence regarding the evolutionary history of these common Great Plains reptiles. We can now trace the record of the hognose snakes back to a time long before the arrival of man, the bison, or even the mammoth on the North …

Propagule Dispersal Among Forest Islands In Southeastern South Dakota, J. Warren Ranney, W. Carter Johnson

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The study of seed dispersal between the widely separated forest patches (forest islands) of the eastern Great Plains can contribute to understanding effects of deforestation in the more complex forest island landscapes of the eastern United States. In the East, there is growing concern that the dissection of regional forests and the creation of small forest islands surrounded by non-forest uses (e.g., agriculture) may be affecting plant species richness and developmental patterns of vegetation (Levenson 1976), as has already been noted in the tropics (Gomezpompa et al. 1972). Curtis (1956) showed that the presettlement forest area in a portion of …

Channel Catfish Virus Disease, John A. Plumb

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) is an acute infection of cultured fry and fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The causative agent is the channel catfish virus (CCV) , a member of the herpesvirus group. Since its first identification (Fijan 1968) the virus has been isolated from infected fish collected during epizootics at catfish hatcheries in the warmer latitudes of the United States. The disease is found primarily during the summer and, with a single known exception to date, in fish less than 4 months old. The virus has been isolated only from fish taken while an epizootic was …

Yellow-Crowned Night Herons Sighted In North Dakota, Dennis G. Jorde, Gary L. Krapu, Robert K. Green

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Yellow-crowned night herons (Nyctanassa violacea) sighted at four locations in North Dakota during 1976 appear to be the first observations of this species for the State. We sighted a single individual about 8 km south of Medina, North Dakota in western Stutsman County during several visits in June and July 1976. The bird was first seen on 23 June standing in a pasture adjoining an 8.5 ha semi-permanent marsh. On following visits, the heron usually was seen perched in trees at the edge of the wetland. A single yellow-crowned night heron was sighted on the same wetland on …

Claude Levi-Strauss: The Man And His Works, Susan M. Voss

Nebraska Anthropologist

"Claude Levi-Strauss, Professor of Social Anthropology at the College de France, is, by common consent, the most distinguished exponent of this particular academic trade to be found anywhere outside the English speaking world... " (Leach 1970: 7)

With this in mind, I am still wondering how I came to be embroiled in an attempt not only to understand the multifaceted theorizing of Levi-Strauss myself, but to interpret even a portion of this wide inventory to my colleagues. There is much (the majority, perhaps) of Claude Levi-Strauss which eludes me yet. To quote Edmund Leach again, "The outstanding characteristic of his …

Cornposting Converts Waste Into Valuable Resources, Leon Chesnin

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Rural and urban communities and farms have at least one problem in common: the accumulation of various organic wastes. Farms produce wastes such as animal manures, and crop residues such as straw, corn cobs, hay stack bottoms and spoiled silage.
In Nebraska's towns and cities, the organic wastes include sewage sludge, paunch manure from slaughter houses, and garbage originating from household foods and paper.
Some of these organic wastes are associated with the nuisances of flies, odors and dust. Fresh animal manures, paunch manure, sewage sludge and garbage are favorite breeding places for flies. Flies are attracted to odors and …

Acute And Chronic Effects Of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone On Reproductive Characteristics Of Rams During The Nonbreeding Season, B. D. Schanbacher, D. D. Lunstra

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Acute and chronic effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) administration on reproductive characteristics of 32 rams have been assessed during the nonbreeding season. Rams injected intramuscularly with 50 µg of GnRH had elevated (P<.01)concentrations of serum testosterone and noticeably higher (60%) mating activities when compared to control animals injected with saline. Daily injections of GnRH resulted not only in higher testosterone concentrations and mating activity, but also in increased testes size (P<.05). The apparent change in testicular function may account for the improvement in semen quality which was observed in these animals. Although benefits were only slight for percentages of live sperm, normal sperm and sperm with normal acrosomes, sperm motility was markedly increased (P<.05).

These data suggest that reproductive performance in rams is related to testicular androgen secretion and that a spring decline in those characteristics normally associated with high fertility in the male can be lessened by chronic treatment with GnRH.

A Late Pleistocene-Holocene Vertebrate Fauna From Red Willow County, Nebraska, R. George Corner

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Wet gravel pits in Red Willow County, Nebraska have yielded numerous fossil bones from sediments ranging in composition from black peat to coarse gravels. Glaciations to the north and northeast and in alpine situations in the Rocky Mountains may have caused a unique fauna to range into the High Plains in what is now southwestern Nebraska. The mammals recovered consist of twenty-four species. Of these twelve are extinct and six others no longer occur in the area. Geographic ranges are extended for Sangamona, Rangifer tarandus, Symbos cavifrons, Ovibos moschatus, and Ovis catclawensis. Techniques of gravel …

A Taxonomic Investigation Of Some Rhizomatous Species Of The Genus Muhlenbergia (Gramineae), James Kurtz, David M. Sutherland

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Seven species of the grass genus Muhlenbergia were studied using gross morphological and anatomical characters. The anatomical criteria proved to be of limited taxonomic value. A key to the species of the east-central plains was developed.

The genus Muhlenbergia is a large, widely distributed group of grasses, encompassing numerous species and various growth forms. The subgenus Muhlenbergia, comprised of mesic, broad-leaved, usually rhizomatous species, can easily be separated from the rest of the genus on the basis of growth habit and habitat preferences (Pohl, 1969). Species of the subgenus are widely distributed in North America but are most abundant …

Carnivores From The Jamber Local Fauna (Pliocene, Valentinian), Boyd County, Nebraska, Karen Kreycik Messenger, Charles L. Messenger

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Five types of carnivores have so far been recognized in the preliminary study of the Jamber Local Fauna (University of Nebraska State Museum Collecting Locality Boyd County no. 6), northern Nebraska. These include Tomarctus cf. brevirostris, Aelurodon haydeni, Aelurodon sp., Leptocyon cf. vafer, and Pseudaelurus cf. marshi The Jamber Quarry carnivores and associated fauna appear to be Early Valentinian in age.

Drought And The Model Of A Quaternary Terrace-Cycle, C. Bertrand Schultz, Thompson Mylan Stout

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The concept of a "terrace-cyole" in the Quaternary history of the Central Great Plains was fust proposed by us at the 1944 "Symposium on Loess," sponsored by 1his Academy (1945). However, certain aspects have never been fully presented, particularly (a) the relations of drought to this "terrace-cycle" concept and (b) as a recurrent phenomenon in this and similar continental regi,pns. There also may be a possible relation to the fixation of sodium salts in vegetation and to selenium and nitrogen poisoning. Prediction requires scientific data not only from the near past, but also from the distant past. It is now …

On The Status Of The Concepts Of Masculinity And Femininity, Sarah Hoagland

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Observer bias is considerable in studies investigating differences between the characters of the sexes, partly because "masculinity" and "femininity" are not empirical concepts. Instead, they function to sort out phenomena by determining a range of significance, thus encouraging discriminatory evaluation of human action.

To support this I argue:

1. Particular character traits are assessed (valued and understood) differently depending on whether they apply to men or women.

2. Counterexamples to the generalization, "All men are masculine," are not accepted as real counterexamples, but are rather regarded as abnormal (subnormal, not rare).

The Antiquity Of Bison Latifrons (Harlan) In The Great Plains Of North America, C. Bertrand Schultz, John M. Hillerud

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

There is abundant evidence available which strongly supports the Middle Pleistocene (Sheridanian) stratigraphic position of the fossilized remains of Bison latifrons (Harlan) in the Great Plains of North America. This would place the geologic age of this giant beast as post-Kansas to Early Illinoian. Fourteen localities, where the bones of B. latifrons have been found in the central part of North America, have been examined for stratigraphic and geomorphologic evidence.

The History Of Agriculture In The United States Beginning With The Seventeenth Century, Elvin F. Frolik

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The purpose of this paper is to summarize important historical developments in agriculture in what is now the United States, from the earliest colonial times to the present. In terms of the length of time of human history on this world, this period is so short as to seem almost insignificant. However, in terms of progress, the situation is the opposite-more has been accomplished in agriculture in this fraction of a millennium than in all previous history combined.

Agriculture, under immigrant settlers in what is now the United States, had its beginnings in the seventeenth century. The thirteen original colonies …

A Review Of The Evidence For Aboriginal Agriculture With Special Reference To The Nebraska Area, Marvin F. Kivett

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Many of us, particularly in this bicentennial time, hear many references to pioneers, civilization, and farmers, often with such references directed in the Plains area to people who have inhabited the area for a period of less than two hundred years.

I'm sure that we are all aware that there were earlier Indian pioneers, at least ten thousand years ago. "Civilization" and "culture" are both somewhat vague terms, meaning different things to different people. There can be little doubt that the American Indian possessed the ability to adapt readily to the Plains environment, just as the later white settler had …

Preliminary Post-Cranial Metric Analysis Of Mammoths From The Hot Springs Mammoth Site, South Dakota, Barbara Lee Dutrow

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Salvage investigations of a Karst depression containing more than nine Late Pleistocene mammoth were conducted during approximately twenty field days in the summers of 1974 and 1975. The deposit contains a local death assemblage of a mammoth population. A post-cranial metric analysis has been conducted on the fossil elephant remains.

Should We Kill The Rats Or Is Biological Control Preferable?, Richard V. Andrews

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

These questions are becoming more controversial in recent debates which have emerged from new realizations of rodent impact on health, conservation, and economy. The controversy, coupled with widespread evidence of genetic resistance, bait aversion, and other modes of adaptive behavior and physiology displayed by rodent pests, represents a new appreciation for one of man's most persistent problems. Old World rodents live in commensal association with man and his domestic animals. These rodents include black rats (sometimes called roof rats), Norway rats (sometimes called brown rats, sewer rats, wharf rats), and Old World (house) mice. Of the three types of Old …

Wood Duck Production In The Salt Creek Watershed Of Eastern Nebraska, Calvin L. Cink

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Counts of Wood Ducks made during the spring and summer of 1970 on the creeks and reservoirs of the Salt Creek watershed in southeastern Nebraska yielded a conservative estimate of 40 breeding pairs; 16 broods were counted. Estimates of production are biased by numerous variables, including intrinsic sampling problems.

Water Resources Data For Nebraska Water Year 1976

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

Water resources data for the 1976 water year for Nebraska consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 146 gaging stations; stage and contents for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 40 gaging stations, 18 ungaged stations, 27 partial-record flow stations, and 96 wells; and water levels for 66 observation wells. Also included are 114 crest-stage partial-record stations and 12 low-flow partialrecord stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part …

Review Report For Water Resources Development Missouri River South Dakota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Montana, Volume 3 Of 3

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Appendix 2, Pertinent Correspondence Letters From:

Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, Bureau of Reclamation, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Federal Power Commission, Department of Housing & Urban Development, Department of Health, Education & Welfare, Bureau of Mines, Bureau of Land Management, United States Coast Guard, Soil Conservation Service, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Energy Research and Development Administration, Missouri River Basin Commission, Fish and Wildlife Service, Siouxland Interstate Metropolitan Planning Council, Montana Office of Budget and Program Planning, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Montana Department of Fish and Game, Governor of Montana, Glasgow Area Chamber of Commerce …

Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Of The Unchannelized Missouri River In South Dakota, James R. Clapp

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

Areas of eight habitats were identified, delineated, and measured along the unchannelized Missouri River in South Dakota. Agricultural and urban developments existed on 60 percent of the land within 1 km of the river. Six habitat types made up the non-developed land in the study area: cottonwood-dogwood (16 percent), cottonwood-willow (9 percent), elm-oak (7 percent), cattail marsh (3 percent), sand dune (3 percent), and sand bar (1 percent). All non-developed habitats except sand bar were sampled to obtain vegetative composition and to determine their value to wildlife. The value of each habitat to nine faunal groups of wildlife was subjectively …

Feedlot Runoff Holding Ponds-Nutrient Levels And Related Management Aspects, Elbert C. Dickey, D. H. Vanderholm

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Collection, storage, and ultimate land disposal of livestock feedlot runoff is becoming a more common practice as a result of increasing state and federal regulations prohibiting uncontrolled discharge of runoff. As a result of chemical, physical, and biological actions during the storage phase, the runoff applied to land from storage is often greatly different from that entering storage directly from the feedlot. This study was designed to observe those changes in the runoff during storage, and to evaluate their effect on land disposal practices. Six concrete paved feedlots with runoff control systems were studied, with emphasis on variations in nitrogen, …

Hormdne-Inducible Casein Messenger Rna In A Serum-Free Organ Culture Of Whole Mammary Gland, P. M. Terry, M. R. Banerjee, R. M. Lui

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The whole second thoracic mammary gland of estradiol-17β + progesterone primed 3- to 4-week-old BALB/c female mice was induced to pregnancy-like lobulo-alveolar morphogenesis after 6-day cultivation in a serum-free culture medium containing a "growth promoting" hormone mixture, insulin + prolactin + growth hormone (somatotropin) + estradiol + progesterone. No radioimmunologically detectable casein was present in these glands. Subsequent cultivation for another 6 days in a "lactogenic" medium with the hormones insulin + prolactin + cortisol produced abundant milk-like secretory material in the alveolar lumen. RNA of the mammary gland after estradiol + progesterone priming or cultivation in the "growth-promoting" medium …

Defining Critical Environmental Areas: One Phase Of Land Use Planning In Nebraska, Robert Stoddard

Geography Program: Faculty Publications

Stated in a positive sense, the specific objectives of this study are:

(1) To collect and summarize information about the task of defining critical environmental areas in other states;
(2) To describe and review some procedures for defining criticality and for delineating critical areas; and
(3) To assemble data pertaining to resource inventories in Nebraska.

The results of Objective 1 are found throughout this report plus the references cited in the Bibliography. The two sources mentioned most frequently in this report are the one by the Center for Natural Areas, Office of International and Environmental Programs, Smithsonian Institute (which is …

Namru-3 Translations Of Parasite Literature From Russian, French, Japanese, Etc. Into English (1940-1977) T1201-T1300, United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, Cairo, Medical Zoology Department

United States Naval Medical Research Unit 3: Publications

T1201. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. GAIDAMOVICH, S. Ya., MEL'NIKOVA, E. E., OBUKHOVA, V. R. and KLISENKO, G. A. (1974). Errors during identification of arboviruses. In: Arboviruses, edited by Gaidamovich, S. Ya. Sborn. Trud. Inst. Virus. imeni D. I. Ivanovsky, Akad. Med. Nauk, SSSR, (1):89-93.

T1202. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. KARMYSHEVA, V. Ya., CHUMAKOV, M. P., BERYAEVA, A. P., BUTENKO, A. M. and MART'YANOVA, L. I. (1964). Study of interreaction between Astrakhan virus isolated from Hyalomma plumbeum plumbeum ticks and tissue cell cultures. Mater. 11. Nauch. Sess. Inst. Polio. Virus. Entsef. (Moscow, 1964), pp. 10-12.

T1203. TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN. DZHAFAROV, T. E. (1965). …

A New Host For Pleistophora Ovariae (Microsporida), Glenn L. Hoffman, Mary L. Nagel

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Pleistophora ovariae, a microsporidan parasite that infects ovaries of the golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), is a widespread problem for minnow culturists. It occurred in shiners held at 45 of 49 commercial fish farms inspected by Summerfelt and Warner (1970, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 6: 457-465). This microsporidan causes considerable damage to golden shiner ovaries, reducing fecundity, but most fish farmers obtain an adequate supply of eggs from young fish (1 or 2 years old) in which ovarian damage is not yet extensive.