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Effect Of Various Levels Of Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus On Performance, Blood, And Bone Parameters In Growing Boars, R. D. Nimmo, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, P. J. Cunningham, D. G. Olson, T. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Ninety-six 8-kg crossbred boars were initially allotted to three dietary levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) - (A) .65% Ca; .50% P; (B) .975% Ca; .75% P and (C) 1.3% Ca; 1.0% P - to determine the effects of the different levels on average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed to gain (F:G) and certain blood and bone parameters.

Effects Of Microbial Feed Additives On Performance Of Starter And Growing-Finishing Pigs, D. S. Pollmann, D. M. Danielson, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid-producing microbial feed additives (Probiotics) on performance of starting and growing-finishing pigs. Two commercially available probiotics, Probios (L. acidopbilus) and Feed-Mate 68 (Streptococcus faecium type Cernelle 68), were used. In the first of two starter trials, 192 crossbred pigs (initial weight 7 kg) were used in a 2 • 4 factorial arrangement of treatments, with Probios and antibiotics (ASP-250, lincomycin, tylosin) as the main effects.

Long-Term Effects Of Dietary Additions Of Alfalfa And Tallow On Sow Reproductive Performance, D. S. Pollmann, D. M. Danielson, M. A. Crenshaw, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Eighty-eight crossbred sows were used to evaluate the effects of including sun-cured alfalfa in gestation diets and tallow in lactation diets on reproductive performance for three successive reproductive cycles.

Response Of Different Genetic Lines Of Boars To Varying Levels Of Dietary Calcium And Phosphorus, R. D. Nimmo, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, P. J. Cunningham, T. D. Crenshaw, D. G. Olson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various levels of dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on performance, soundness and blood and bone parameters of different genetic lines of boars fed under variable environmental conditions. The first experiment compared different genetic lines of boars fed two levels of dietary Ca and P. Forty purebred (Large White) and Nebraska Gene Pool boars were allotted by breed and initial weight to two levels of dietary Ca and P (.65 Ca/.50% P and 1.3% Ca/1.0% P).

Effects Of Twinning On Lactation And Days Open In Holsteins, C. A. Chapin, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Effects of twinning on lactation and days open in Holsteins were studied from calving records compiled by member surveys of Eastern Artificial Insemination Cooperative. Records of cows with 305-day mature-equivalent records from the Northeast Dairy Records Processing Laboratory were grouped according to whether the twin calving was associated with dystocia. Records of each cow that had a twin calving were paired with records of a single-calving control herdmate. In the twin group of 175 cows associated with dystocia, twin pregnancy had no effect on production; milk and fat production in the lactation initiated by twinning was depressed (137 kg and …

Relationships Among Type Traits And Milk Yield Of Brown Swiss Cattle, L. Dale Van Vleck, P. J. Karner, G. R. Wiggans

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Variances and covariances for herdyear, sire, and residual effects were estimated for 10 standard type traits and milk yield from type records on 12,838 Brown Swiss cows and milk records on 5,911 of these. A total of 712 sires and 824 herds was involved. The model was a random two-way, cross-classified model (herd-year and sire of cow) with no interaction. Covariances with descriptive type traits scored in categories as present or absent also were estimated as were variance-covariance matrices for descriptive type traits when each category was a separate trait. Genetic correlations of standard type traits with final classification score …

Estimating A Genetic Covariance From Least Squares Solutions, G. R. Wiggans, R. L. Quaas, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An unbiased and invariant procedure is described for estimating the covariance between effects of two traits or of random variables such as sires in two environments when the residual effects for one trait are not correlated with those of the other trait. When the covariance is desired between two classes in the model, such as sire of fetus and sire of cow, the data can be divided randomly into two sets to allow use of this procedure to estimate the covariance since the residuals in the two data sets would be uncorrelated. The method is to obtain solutions by ordinary …

Profitability Index For Sires, J. J. Bakker, R. W. Everett, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A profitability index for evaluation of sires on predicted lifetime production of daughters and their progeny was developed from sire evaluations for milk yield, fat yield, and stayability. Indexes of milk and stayability for first lactations were used to calculate proofs for stayability in later lactations. Predicted milk yields were adjusted to the actual age when the records would be made. Breed averages, which are required for the procedure, were calculated from records of daughters of 1192 Holstein-Friesian sires in the Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison. Proofs for stayability through the first lactation and indexes for stayability in later lactations …

The Huff Site A Reconstruction Of Past Lifeways, Emery Ladean Mehrer

Nebraska Anthropologist

The purpose of this paper is to construct, from available literature, the possible social structure of the inhabitants of the Huff Site (32MO11). Although archeology is termed as the study of the human past, with its objectives being construction of cultural chronology, reconstruction of past lifeways, and discovery of processes that underlie and condition human behavior, I feel that many times these objectives are either overlooked or only in part covered. This paper will serve as an example of possible inferences which can be made from archeological and historical data. Some inferences or hypotheses which are made in this paper …

Connoisseurs Of Caviar, Mona Thopson

Nebraska Anthropologist

Most of the published works concerning the Woodland burial mound complex of the Rainy River District of northern Minnesota and contiguous Ontario pertain to defining the culture history of this region. More specifically, they have focused on the intra and inter site variability of ceramic types (Wilford 1955, Stoltman 1973, 1974, Lugenbeal 1978). These studies have defined a detailed culture history of the Middle (Laurel) and Late Woodland (Blackduck) phases of this region. Currently, the information which has been published on the burial mound complex have shed little light on the economic, social and political systems of the prehistoric peoples …

Friedrich Ii: Nebraska Takes A Closer Look At Automotive Design Defect: Hancock V. Paccar, Inc., 204 Neb. 468, 283 N.W.2d 25 (1979), Kent Campbell

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. The Hancock Decision … A. Facts … B. Holding

III. Analysis … A. “Crashworthiness” or Causation? … B. “Unreasonably Dangerous” after Hancock … C. Dissent’s Charges Examined … 1. Defect and the Danger … 2. Paccar Not an Insurer

IV. Conclusion

The Pronghorn Antelope

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Fossilized remains on the North American continent are reminders that the pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) roamed the land in present-day forms as early as the Age of Mammals, over one million years ago. Evolutionary changes may have taken 20 million years to develop the pronghorn as we know it today. Surviving the rigors of this violent young continent, the ancestral pronghorn antelope thrived and evolved into an alert, fleet-footed ungulate which roamed the large expanse of brush, grassland and cactus of the plains area.

The Wild Turkey In Nebraska

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Fossilized remains indicate that prehistoric turkeys roamed the eastern and southwestern United States. Five different prehistoric turkeys have been described that lived during the Pleistocene period some 15,000 to 50,000 years ago.

While early man, the paleo-Indians, preyed primarily upon larger animals for food and fiber, birds were also preyed upon, as evidenced by artifacts of later man. The wild turkey is believed to have played important roles in the cultures of pre-Columbian Indians, especially in Mexico and the southwestern United States. Historical records and archeological findings indicate that extensive domestication of the wild turkey existed throughout the southwestern United …

Nebraska Trapping, George Schildman, Frank Andelt, Jim Brunner

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Fur bearers and trapping played an important role in the exploration and development of Nebraska. The harvest of our fur-bearer resource is part of every Nebraskan's heritage. Wise use of the resource and consideration for other people's property and personal rights can insure that trapping will remain a part of the heritage of future generations. The purpose of this publication is to help insure this heritage ... through the educational process. Knowledge of and respect for the resource, as well as consideration for other people, are the keys to perpetuating trapping as an outdoor activity. While primarily designed to assist …

Growth And Performance Of Growing-Finishing Lambs Exposed To Long Or Short Photoperiods, B. D. Schanbacher, J. D. Crouse

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of photoperiod (8 hr light: 16 hr dark [8L:16D] or 16L:8D) on performance of growing-finishing lambs were evaluated in an experiment with 24 rams and 24 wethers. All lambs were caged in groups of two in a controlled environment and fed a pelleted diet ad libitum for the duration of the study (10 to 22 weeks of age). Performance and carcass data showed that both photoperiod and sex of lamb affected growth rate (P<.01) and feed efficiency (P<.05) but that only sex of lamb affected carcass quality (P<.05) and yield (P<.10). A sex by photoperiod interaction was not observed for any of the traits measured. Average daily gain (grams/per day) and feed efficiency (feed/gain) for lambs in the four treatment groups tested were: rams (16L:8D), 410 and 4.3; rams (8L:16D), 340 and 4.5; wethers (16L:8D), 345 and 4.6, and wethers (8L:16D), 300 and 4.8, respectively. Carcass weight, like slaughter weight, was affected by photoperiod (P<.01) and sex of lamb (P<.05); both rams and wethers exposed to long photoperiods had the heaviest carcasses. Ram carcasses were leaner, had better yield grades and were heavier than wether carcasses, yet both ram and wether carcasses graded Choice. Testosterone concentrations in serum were undetectable (<.2 ng/ml) at 22 weeks of age in wethers but were elevated (P<.O1) in ram lambs exposed to short (3.4 ± 1.4 ng/ml) or long (.8 ± .2 ng/ml) photoperiods. Prolactin concentrations, on the other hand, were not influenced by sex of lamb but were influenced (P<.01) by photoperiod; i.e., prolactin concentrations were high in rams (190 ± 34 ng/ml) and wethers (178 ± 28 ng/ml) exposed to long photoperiods and low in rams (43 ± 9 ng/ml) and wethers (27 ± 11 ng/ml) exposed to short photoperiods. These results suggest that testosterone and prolactin may independently affect growth and performance of growing-finishing lambs.

Missouri National Recreational River Management Plan Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota, To Ponca State Park, Nebraska

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The Missouri River begins at Three Forks, Montana, and flows southeasterly for 2,300 miles before joining the Mississippi River a few miles north of St. Louis, Missouri.  It ranks as the second longest and is one of the most famous rivers in the United States.  It was the primary route of Lewis and Clark.  The river shared with the Oregon Trail and the Santa Fe Trail the distinction of being one of the three main throughfares to the Far West.  It was a wild and unpredictable river that carried millions of pounds of freight.

Waters of this mighty river are …

Water Current, Volume 12, No. 1, January/February 1980

Water Current Newsletter

Annual Report, Nebraska Water Resources Center
Water Planner Hired
Water Resources Seminar Schedule Change
Second Water Data Conference
Engineering Short Course at UNL
New Edition of Publication No. 7
Nation-Wide Conservation Program
Unified National Program for Floodplain Management
NSF Research Program in Appropriate Technology
Research Review: The Biological Regulation of Bloom-Causing Blue-Green Algae: A Feasible Alternative

The Comparison Of Usage And Availability Measurements For Evaluating Resource Preference, Douglas H. Johnson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Modern ecological research often involves the comparison of the usage of habitat types or food items to the availability of those resources to the animal. Widely used methods of determining preference from measurements of usage and availability depend critically on the array of components that the researcher, often with a degree of arbitrariness, deems available to the animal. This paper proposes a new method, based on ranks of components by usage and by availability. A virtue of the rank procedure is that it provides comparable results whether a questionable component is included or excluded from consideration. Statistical tests of significance …

Osborn's Response To Yesner (Maritime Hunter-Gatherers: Ecology And Prehistory), Alan J. Osborn

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

First two paragraphs:

Yesner's paper reiterates a major concern of the symposium "Man the Hunter" (Lee and DeVore 1968a)-the need to develop generalizations which accommodate the behavioral variability exhibited by hunter-gatherers, past and present. Much of the literature, Yesner reemphasizes, fails to deal adequately with groups characterized by "atypical" variations in energy flow, technological complexity, population density, sociopolitical organization, and so forth. He focuses on a subset of foragers and collectors (Binford 1980) that appears to be among the most aberrant- "maritime" hunter-gatherers.

While Yesner provides insight into the recent literature on exploitation of marine environments and expresses ephemeral concern …

1980 Beef Cattle Report, Leo E. Lucas

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Weighing steers three consecutive days at the beginning and end of the trial reduced variation and increased the probability of detecting a difference in daily gain and gain/protein ratios between treatments when compared to a standard weighing method (once at the beginning and once at the end of the trial). Regressing 1 initial, 1 final and 11 weekly weights also decreased variation and increased the probability of detecting treatment differences compared to the standard method, but was more variable than using three weights at the beginning and end of the trial.

Young, growing steers and lambs supplemented with natural protein …

Fertilizing Capacity And Morphology Of Fowl And Turkey Spermatozoa In Hypotonic Extender, M. R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of graduated increments of hypotonic Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) on fowl and turkey sperm morphology, motility, percentage dead
and fertility were examined. The morphology of fowl and turkey spermatozoa was
adversely affected by decreases in BPSE osmolarity; a reduction of osmolarity of
BPSE to below 200 and 140 mosmol adversely affected the fertility of fowl and
turkey spermatozoa, respectively. The addition of Ficoll to the extender allowed
direct observation of the effects of hypotonic BPSE on the sperm plasmalemma.
Plasmalemmal swelling, due to the uptake of water, was noted initially at the
midpiece. Such plasmalemmal swelling may …

Testosterone Influences On Growth, Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Composition Of Young Market Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher, J. D. Crouse, C. L. Ferrell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Ram lambs, wethers and wethers implanted with Silastic capsules containing crystalline testerone were placed on test at 14.9 ± 1.1 kg and evaluated for differences in growth, performance, carcass characteristics and composition. Silastic implants that were able to maintain physiological concentrations of serum testosterone provided appropriate replacement therapy in wethers. Growth rate, efficiency of feed utilization and carcass yield of intact ram lambs and testosterone-implanted wethers were superior to the corresponding traits of wethers. Wethers had greater backfat thickness and percentage kidney and pelvic fat, and their carcasses graded higher than those of ram lambs or wethers implanted with a …

Testosterone Regulation Of Luteinizing Hormone And Follicle Stimulating Hormone Secretion In Young Male Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic) capsules containing crystalline testosterone were implanted subcutaneously in castrate lambs and evaluated for their ability to (1) provide stable, physiological concentrations of serum testosterone and (2) regulate secretion of LH and FSH. Testosterone was nondectable (<.2 ng/ml) between 12 and 24 weeks of age in the serum of castrate lambs implanted with empty capsules but was increased at those ages in Iambs implanted with 20 cm (1.2 ± .1 and .5 ± .1 ng/ml), 60 cm (2.8 ± .1 and .9 ± .1 ng/ml) and 180 cm (6.6 ± .3 and 1.9 ± .2 ng/ml) of testosterone-filled Silastic tubing. Serum concentrations of LH and FSH were suppressed by exogenous testosterone and did not exceed concentrations in intact control rams as long as serum testosterone concentrations were greater than 1 ng/ml. In conclusion, simultaneous suppression of serum LH and FSH by concentrations of testosterone that cause a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on accessory sex gland weights indicates that testosterone is a physiological regulator of gonadotropin secretion in ram lambs. Although testosterone per se may not be directly responsible for negative feedback on LH and FSH secretion, the results presented herein question the need for a nonsteroidal "inhibin-like" testicular hormone to regulate FSH in lambs.

Androgen Response Of Cryptorchid And Intact Rams To Ovine Lh, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Surgically induced cryptorchidism in rams resulted in elevated serum concentrations of LH but near-normal concentrations of androgen (testosterone and 5α-DHT).Injections of ovine LH (2 × 50μg;2 × 500 μg)resulted in maximal androgen secretion in the intact rams and similar but lower concentrations in cryptorchid rams. Peak concentrations were 14·9and 8·5ng/ml in the intact and cryptorchid rams respectively (P < 0·05).

The Fossil Insectivora Of Lemoyne Quarry (Ash Hollow Formation, Hemphillian), Keith County, Nebraska, Thomas M. Bown

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The insectivore fauna of Lemoyne Quarry is the most diverse and most cosmopolitan of any recorded from Hemphillian deposits of the Great Plains; four genera and six species of shrews and five genera and five species of moles are known. The soricinines Sorex edwardsi n. sp., Sorex yatkolai n. sp., and Sorex sp. most closely resemble Sorex hagermanensis and S. rexroadensis from the Hagerman and Rexroad local faunas of Idaho and Kansas, respectively. Lemoyne Alluvisorex (Soricini) is indistinguishable from A. arcadentes from Barstovian rocks of Oregon, and Lemoyne cf. Limnoecus (Limnoecinae) has larger teeth than Barstovian L. tricuspis (including L. …

Functional Morphology And The Evolution Of Cats, Larry D. Martin

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Three basic morpho types are proposed for cats on the basis of their upper canines: 1) conical-toothed cats with short, unserrated canines having a round cross-section; 2) scimitar-toothed cats having short, broad canines, usually with very coarse serrations; and 3) dirktoothed cats having long, slender canines which usually have fine serrations. Commonly all three morphotypes occur together in the same fauna. The method of prey capture was probably different for each morphotype. Both types of saber-toothed cats appear to have specialized on large prey, but it seems unlikely that they utilized the same prey. Scimitar-toothed cats are long-limbed, and were …

Ancient Soils And Climatic Changes In The Central Great Plains, C. Bertrand Schultz, Thompson Mylan Stout

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

An exceptionally clear record of climatic changes has been preserved in the Quaternary and Tertiary soils and loess deposits of the central part of the United States. Major extinctions of mammals also coincide with regional breaks in sedimentation, perhaps at glacial maxima. The Quaternary stratigraphy is now well known in this region, with initial Quaternary glaciation succeeding end-Tertiary (Ogallala) alluviation and soil development.

The Quaternary ("Ice Age") succession of cutting-and-filling cycles that record episodes of glaciation and inter-glaciation begins just after the completion of the main calichecomplex of the end. Ogallala or end-Pliocene (circa 3.2 m.y. ago). The soils, …

The Idea Of Technological Progress And Its Problems, Eugene E. Selk

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Recently the problem of scientific progress has been one of the most widely discussed topics among historians and philosophers of science. But little has been said on the problem of technological progress. I suggest that theories of technological progress can be divided, first, into cognitive and non-cognitive; then cognitive can be subdivided into cumulative and problem-solving; non-cognitive can be divided into material well-being and moral and spiritual well-being. After examining different versions of the cumulative theory, I conclude that technology is not intrinsically cumulative; whether technology is cumulatively progressive is a matter of goals extrinsic to technology. I argue that …

The Influence Of Winglessness On Mating Frequency In Species Of The Drosophila Affinis Subgroup, Neriman Alemdar, Ronda Mcintyre, Ho-Chi Chang, Dwight D. Miller

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Certain Drosophila species that cannot mate in darkness have also been shown to be unable to mate in the light if their wings have been removed, perhaps due to the fact that wings provide visual signs and signals for courtship. To determine the influence of winglessness on mating in light-dependent Drosophila algonquin and its relatives, we determined mating frequencies in combinations of winged and wingless individuals of the six widespread American Drosophila affinis subgroup species D. affinis, D. algonquin, D. athabasca, D. azteca, D. narragansett, and D. tolteca. In no case did winglessness of …

Floristic Analysis Of A Natural Area On The Lower Platte River Flood Plain, Donald A. Becker

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The vascular flora of an extinct river-island and inactive northchannel of the Platte River was studied from 1972-1978. Within a variety of vegetation types, including seral and sub climax flood plain forests, 289 species were identified from 200 genera and 70 families. The flora is dominated by four families, the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, and Fabaceae, which contribute 40% of the species. Forty-eight species of woody plants occur in the area, including 17 species not previously reported in Dodge County. While much of the flora is composed of forest species (36.1%), significant numbers of ruderal and marsh species (each 19.4%) are …