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David's Sabine Women In The Wild West, Rena N. Coen

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

When one considers the body of mid-nineteenth- century paintings of the American West, one is struck by the place of women, especially white women, in them. In the large majority of cases, from George Catlin and Seth Eastman to Frederic Remington and Charles Russell, women are conspicuous by their absence. We know that many women did go west with their husbands, striving to maintain some semblance of the civilization they knew in the rough and primitive conditions of army posts and frontier settlements. But they were an anomoly in such environments; in the popular nineteenth-century view, women, at least "good" …

Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) Of North America, Donald J. Klemm

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The previous manual, "Freshwater Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) of North America," Identification Manual No. 8, Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems, published in 1972, was prepared under contract with the Oceanography and Limnology Program, Smithsonian Institution, with funds provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

In the ten years that have elapsed since publication of the above manual, additional work has been done in North America on the ecology and systematics of the leeches. This publication serves to correct several errors found in the above manual, to make several desirable taxonomic changes, to add new sections and various relevant information to the …

Migration Patterns For Age And Sex Classes Of Blackbirds And Starlings, Richard A. Dolbeer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are ubiquitous breeding birds in much of North America. The Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) is an abundant breeding bird east of the Rocky Mountains (Dolbeer and Stehn 1979). Although these species are widely dispersed and generally unassociated during the nesting season, they often associated closely in winter roosts containing up to 10 million birds in the southern United States (Meanley and Webb 1965, Meanley 1971). Little is known about the comparative migration patterns of the four species and the resulting mixture of local breeding populations in winter. Comparative …

Effect Of Pellet Size And Packaged Commercial Baits For The Control Of Pine Voles, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

No difference in field control of pine voles was found be¬tween 3 different pellet sizes broadcast at either 5.6 kg/ha (5 lbs/.p acre) or 11.2 kg/ha (10 lbs/acre) for either Volid or ZP Rodent Bait . Comparison of the 18 Volid plots with the 18 ZP Rodent Bait plots showed a statistical difference in animal control between these materials of 95% and 85% respectively. Place packs of Volid or ZP Rodent Bait were opened at approximately 95% of the active sites. Since about 5% of the sites were active by the apple indexing, we believe a low but residual population …

A Current Assessment Of Vole Damage And Numbers And Of Methods Used To Control Voles In Ontario Apple Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Stephen A. Struger

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A province-wide evaluation of the amount, distribution, source and control of damage to Ontario apple trees was initiated. Data we re obtained from 280 responses to a questionnaire distributed to growers across Ontario, and from trap censuses in three widely separated areas. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) damaged or destroyed 8,423 trees in our questionnaire sample and other mammals damaged another 10,307 trees. No relationship was found between application of rodenticide and levels of damage, but rodenticide-treated baits sharply reduced numbers of voles on our trap plots. Orchards with high levels of damage were on average only one-third as …

The Relationship Of Nutritional Factors To Apple Tree Root Damage By Pine Voles, F. A. Servello, J. J. Hasbrouck, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Damage to apple tree roots by pine voles is believed to occur primarily during the winter months. Cengel et a1. (1978) found that the stomachs of pine voles contained significant amounts of root material only during January and March sampling periods. In addition, the diet of pine voles at that time consisted primarily of less preferred grass species because preferred forb species were unavailable. Therefore, apple tree roots may serve as a food source in the winter when preferred forages are unavailable. If, in fact, pine voles are consuming roots in response to reduced food supplies, then one would expect …

Pine Vole Reinvasion Of An Unfilled Suitable Habitat, Pamela N. Miller, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Despite years of research aimed at developing ecologically safe and effective methods for controlling pine voles these rodents remain a serious agricultural pest. A large portion of the damage occurring yearly could be avoided through close adherence to the current recommendations. A regular mowing and herbicide program to eliminate rodent cover combined with rodenticides comprise the integrated pest management program currently available. Effective toxicants include a ground spray and various pelleted baits which can be placed in the runways. Repeated mowing of grasses and the use of herbicides are two effective means of reducing or eliminating an existing population, and …

Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: Iii. Use Of Orchard Border Habitats By Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A study was undertaken to determine if meadow voles,Microtus pennsylvanicus, use habitats adjacent to apple orchards. Considerations were given to how extensively these areas were used, if at all, and if a bulldozed strip would control their movements between the orchard and adjacent border habitats. Trapping and telemetry data showed that meadow voles do use the adjacent border habitats extensively and make frequent crossings between these areas and the nearby or¬chards. It would seem, therefore, important to include these areas in any vole management program. Although the bulldozed strip was effective in reducing movements between the orchard and adjacent …

A Preliminary Survey Of Genetic Variation Over Two Seasons Among Orchard Pine Vole Populations, J. E. Mcbride, J. J. Ney, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The objective of this study was to test for genetic homogeneity among several discontinuous orchard pine vole populations, particularly between those that had been treated with endrin and those that had not. Endrin-resistant pine vole strains have been documented (Webb and Hors-fall 1967; Webb et a1. 1973), but have not been characterized genetically. Practically, this study was designed to determine if genetic differences existed among endrin-treated and non-treated orchard populations over two seasons of the year, by examining a few specific gene loci believed to be involved in endrin metabolism in small mammals.

Water Metabolism In Laboratory-Maintained And Free-Ranging Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), D. Rhodes, M. E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Prior study of water use by the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum, has indicated that these voles require large volumes of water on a daily basis and exhibit rapid turnover of body water relative to other mammals of similar body size (Rhodes and Richmond, 1981). However, the extent to which these animals are tolerant of water deprivation and hence the importance of available water to the members of this species remains unexplored. Similarly, data on rates of body water turnover in free-ranging pine voles are presently unavailable. Thus, this study examines rates of body water turnover and urine concentrations of …

Effect Of Green Vegetation And Cotton Nest Material On Reproduction And Survival Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Plant compounds associated with active plant growth and senescence have been reported to have different effects on microtine reproduction (Berger et al., 1977, 1981). Biological assays of inhibitory compounds showed some effect at pharmacological doses in Microtus pennsylvanicus but not in M. pinetorum (Cranford et al., 1980; Derting and Cranford, 1981). Stimulatory plant compounds contained in active growing wheat have been demonstrated to cause early sexual maturation (Berger et al., 1981) and to induce reproduction in wild populations during non reproductive periods (Negus, 1977; Berger et al., 1981). Bodenheimer (1949) postulated that plants contain compounds which trigger the onset of …

Progress Of A Bioenergetic Simulator Of Pine Vole Populations, K. C. Jordan, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The pine vole research effort under way at VPI & SU has involved 4 parts: an investigation of nutrition and energetics, a study of habitat and behavior, an evaluation of chemical control, and the development of a computer simulation model of population dynamics. Coyle et a1. (1981) reported on the results of a preliminary model developed by Coyle (1980), and outlined a second stage model to incorporate his (1980) recommendations and the continually expanding base of field and laboratory data. The preliminary model was a demographic simulator mechanistically driven by bioenergetic equations developed chiefly from laboratory studies at Virginia Tech. …

A Comparison Of Maternal Behavior In Three Species Of Voles (Microtus Pennsylvania, M. Pinetorum, And M. Ochrogaster) Using A Laboratory System, B. A. Mcguire, M. A. Novak

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A system has been developed to describe and compare the maternal behavior of three species of microtine rodents within a naturalistic environment. The apparatus consists of two Interconnected Plexiglas-based tables with a peat substrate and hay cover. A pregnant female and her mate are placed within the tables, once the female has shown a thirty percent weight gain and pups can be felt by palpating her abdomen. Maternal behavior, as well as male-female interactions and information on pup physical and behavioral development, are recorded daily for twenty-five days immediately following parturition. Unrestricted observation of female behavior during neonatal, pre-weaning and …

Proceedings Of The Sixth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Harpers Ferry, Wv (Covers, Frontmatter, Contents)

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Frontmatter

Demographic Analysis Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Orchard Types In Southwest Virginia, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, S. B. Lindquist

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Few long term studies have been conducted to analyze the population dynamics of pine and meadow voles in orchard environments. Such studies are needed to provide basic biological information for use in orchard management and vole control programs. To satisfy these needs, a three year study was begun in December, 1979, to monitor vole populations in a maintained and an abandoned apple orchard in Southwest Virginia. Two objectives of this study were (1) to follow population dynamics of pine and meadow voles in two orchard types and (2) to provide data for the development and validation of computer modeling efforts …

Proceedings Of The Sixth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, March 10-12, 1982 (Complete Proceedings)

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Entire symposium

Highlights of the Sixth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium
The Sixth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Cliffside Inn, Box 786, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia 25425, March 10-12, 1982, for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to the problem of vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was intended to create a problem solving atmosphere in which growers; various governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI; the chemical industry; and university personnel could ob¬serve the current thrusts of research and extension programs and their potential …

Effects Of Known Densities Of Pine Voles On Apple Trees, Milo Richmond, Pamela N. Miller

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Damage to fruit trees, tree seedlings and a wide array of ornamental shrubs by microtine rodents remains a widespread problem in both Europe and North America. Careful studies that quantify the levels of damage caused by a known density of rodent pests are not available. For this reason the orchard manager. Pest Control Specialist, and the researcher have a difficult time making wise decisions that are based on solid economic data.

There are several reasons for this lack of knowledge. The damage done to apple trees is not easily observed, described, or measured. There is probably not a simple linear …

Status Of Winter Populations Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Knowledge of the spatial and temporal organization of free ranging animal populations is important to an understanding not only of the social behavior between members of those populations, but also of several demographic parameters of the population, including reproduction, dispersal and mortality. Such information is particularly important when viewed in the context of pest species management. The efficacy of control practices such as rodenticide application and habitat manipulation might be greatly enhanced if performed with an understanding of the organization and status of pest populations in mind.

Early considerations of pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) spatial and temporal organization were based …

Influence Of Photoperiod And Nutrition On Food Composition, Body Condition And Reproduction In The Pine Vole, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick, Jack A. Cranford

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Previous field studies in Virginia reported a longer breeding sea¬son in pine voles in maintained apple orchards than in abandoned orchards and attributed the difference to nutrition (Cengel et at. 1978, Noffsinger 1976). The maintained orchard was theorized to have better quantity and quality of forage in fall due to mowing, fertilizing and the presence of apple drops. Hasbrouck et a1. (1981) found adult male pine voles snap-trapped in November and December in an orchard where apples were present had significantly heavier reproductive organs and higher spermatozoa counts than those trapped in an area of the orchard where apples had …

Habitat Utilization And Spacing Patterns Of Pine And Meadow Voles, J. A. Cranford, T. L. Derting

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) co-occur in orchards but may exhibit mutual avoidance through temporal or spatial isolation. Though pine and meadow voles have exhibited overlapping home ranges, individuals of the two species seldom occupy the same 2m area at the same time (Pagano & Madison, 1981). Differences in habitat use by pine and meadow voles may contribute to their spatial separation in orchards. McAnich (1979) found a weak relationship between meadow vole numbers and soil compaction, soil moisture, thatch depth, and light intensity and no relationship between meadow vole occurrence and …

Potential Use Of Barn Owls To Control Vole Populations In Orchards, T. L. Derting, Jack A. Cranford

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The development of control methods for pine and meadow voles in orchard habitats has met with limited success. Though numerous physical, mechanical, and chemical methods have been recommended for limiting vole populations, few have effectively reduced and maintained vole populations at minimal densities for extended periods of time. Though the use of chemicals has been the most effective control method developed it has not resulted in the extinction of pest populations. The initial application of rodenticides frequently causes a significant reduction in pest species, but due to their high intrinsic rate of increase, vole densities quickly rise. Because of high …

Cc302 Revised March 1982 Fact Sheet

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Campaign Circular 302 Revised March 1982 contains facts about the purpose, structure, funding, and activities of the University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension

Strange Males Block Pregnancy In Lactating Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum, And Reduce Survival And Growth Of Nursing Young, Margaret H. Schadler

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Strange (unfamiliar) males affect survival of progeny of reproductive female rodents in a variety of ways. In mice, strange males block pregnancy before implantation of embryos (Bruce, 1959) but only in females that are not lactating (Bruce and Parkes, 1961). In voles these males can block pregnancy both before and after implantation (Stehn and Richmond, 1975; Marks and Schadler, 1979; Schadler, 1981). Strange males have also been shown to kill nursing pups in lemmings (Mallory and Brooks, 1978) and mice (Labov, 1980 and vom Saal and Howard, 1982).

The present study in pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) examines the …

Agricultural Experiment Station News March 1982

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
IN THE INTERIM
SAHS SEZ
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GRANTS
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - February 1982
BULLETINS PRINTED

1981 Christmas Count

Nebraska Bird Review

Eighty-eight species (fourteen less than last year) were reported in the 1981 Christmas Count, and one species (two less than last year) was reported present during the count week but not recorded on the count day on any count. Seven localities reported this year, the same as last year, but Grand Island and Tri-state replaced Kearney and Hastings. Two additional races were reported, the same as last year. The individual count this year was 64,054, compared to 317,910 last year. The drop in the Snow Goose (178,719) and Mallard (81,291) counts more than accounts for the difference. Nineteen species were …

1981 Treasurer's Report

Nebraska Bird Review

1981 Treasurers Report

1981 (Twenty-Fourth) Fall Occurrence Report

Nebraska Bird Review

Two hundred seventy-seven species (plus free-flying Mute Swans) are listed in this report, from 14 localities. Comparable figures for previous years are: 281 species (and a possible Veery) from 12 localities in 1980, 284 from 11 in 1979, and 269 from 12 in 1978.

The information is presented in a rough west (left) to east (right) order, with locations of about the same longitude listed with the northernmost first. Two dates indicate the first and last records for the period. The symbols used are:

Jl, Au, Sp, Ot, No, and Om for the months

A as a column heading for …

Notes--Nebraska Bird Review (March 1982), David L. Jenson, R. G. Cortelyou, Harold Turner, Tanya Bray

Nebraska Bird Review

Notes contain stories of Cattle Egrets viewed on Prairie Dog Waterfowl Production Area near Axtell; Wood Duck broods on Carter Lake in Omaha; a first-year Thayer’s Gull on Lake North near Columbus; a variety of birds (Swamp Sparrow, Great Horned Owl, Cliff Swallows, Savannah Sparrows, Grasshopper Sparrows, Purple Martins, Carolina Wren, Great Blue Heron, Western Kingbird, Prairie Chicken, Sprague’s Pipits, and more) seen in and around the Minden area; and a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher at Verdon Lake in Richardson County.

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (March 1982) 50(1)

Nebraska Bird Review

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1981 Treasurer's Report................... 2

1981 (Twenty-fourth) Fall Occurrence Report ...................3

Correction to 1981 Spring Migration Report ...................9

White-tailed Kite in Garden County................... 10

Notes................... 12

1981 Christmas Count ...................16

Correction To 1981 Spring Migration Report

Nebraska Bird Review

CORRECTION TO 1981 SPRING MIGRATION REPORT

The last line for Northern Shrike did not print (NBR 49:49). The missing final records are: Scottsbluff Ja 16, Garden Mr 3, Boone Fe 19, and Lancaster Ja 11.