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Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanide In Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Extracts Of Dried Sorghum Leaves, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, Robert M. Hill

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and effective procedure for assaying large numbers of sorghum leaf samples for their potential to release cyanide. The procedure involves drying the tissue at 75 °C (this was accomplished without loss of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin), grinding the dry tissue, extracting with water, digesting the extract with an almond meal extract to release cyanide, and determining cyanide in the digest colorimetrically. Results obtained were comparable to those based on distillation of digested samples and potentiometric determination of cyanide in the distillates. The equipment and supplies required for the procedure are …

Foraging Quality And Performance Of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected For Differing Digestibility, Bruce Anderson, J. K. Ward, K. P. Vogel, M. G. Ward, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass commonly used as summer pasture. Three strains of switchgrass with different in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) values were evaluated with yearling cattle (Bos taurus) in three replicated grazing trials. All strains were similar in genetic background, maturity and yield potential. 'Trailblazer' (high-IVDMD) resulted in higher (P < .05) ADG than 'Pathfinder' and 'low-IVDMD'. Available forage of Trailblazer had higher IVDMD than Pathfinder and low-IVDMD. The IVDMD differences among strains were similar throughout the season; IVDMD declined between 0.3 and 0.5 percentage units per day. Forage availability, CP, NDF and ADF, permanganate lignin and ash were similar among strains. This study documents that plant breeders can select switchgrass plants for higher IVDMD and that strains consisting of progeny of these plants can result in higher animal gains than strains consisting of progeny of unselected or low-IVDMD plants with similar genetic background, forage yield, maturity, morphology and chemical composition.

Forage Quality And Performance Of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected For Differing Digestibility, Bruce Anderson, J. K. Ward, K. P. Vogel, M. G. Ward, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass commonly used as summer pasture. Three strains of switchgrass with different in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) values were evaluated with yearling cattle (Bos taurus) in three replicated grazing trials All strains were similar in genetic background, maturity and yield potential. 'Trailblazer' (high-IVDMD) resulted in higher (P < .05) ADG than 'Pathfinder' and 'low-IVDMD'. Available forage of Trailblazer had higher IVDMD than Pathfinder and low-IVDMD. The IVDMD differences among strains were similar throughout the season; IVDMD declined between .3 and .5 percentage units per day. Forage availability, CP, NDF and ADF, permanganate lignin and ash were similar among strains. This study documents that plant breeders can select switchgrass plants for higher IVDMD and that strains consisting of progeny of these plants can result in higher animal gains than strains consisting of progeny of unselected or low-IVDMD plants with similar genetic background, forage yield, maturity, morphology and chemical composition.

Considerations In Breeding Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue Forage Cultivars, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. A. Sleper

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Breeding tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars that are free of the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams [previously identified and referred to as Epichloe typhina (Fries) Tulasne] is necessary to improve animal performance. The techniques used in developing new cultivars are not greatly different from those used previously, with one exception. Prior to the evaluation of new tall fescue lines or populations, the endophyte needs to be eliminated from the seed or the plants. Several techniques utilizing aging, heat, or chemical treatment are being used to effectively accomplish this in the seed. Methods for permanently eliminating the endophyte …

Colorimetric Determination Of Cyanide In Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Extracts Of Dried Sorghum Leaves, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, Robert M. Hill

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and effective procedure for assaying large numbers of sorghum leaf samples for their potential to release cyanide. The procedure involves drying the tissue at 75 °C (this was accomplished without loss of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin), grinding the dry tissue, extracting with water, digesting the extract with an almond meal extract to release cyanide, and determining cyanide in the digest colorimetrically. Results obtained were comparable to those based on distillation of digested samples and potentiometric determination of cyanide in the distillates. The equipment and supplies required for the procedure are …

Wpa News 18 (1987), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (December 1987), number 18

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Cc318 Revised 1987 Nebraska Integrated Reproductive Management Project : An Update And Results, Rick Rasby

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Campaign Circular 318 Revised: contains information regarding the Integrated Reproductive Management program and their goals. It also talks about the benefits of the program and how they affect the life span of cattle. The revision includes better graphics and updated information about the program.

A New Subspecies Of The Free-Tailed Bat, Molossops Greenhalli, From Western Mexico (Mammalia: Chiroptera), J. Knox Jones Jr., Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

In June of 1964, field parties from the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas, collected two specimens of a unique free-tailed bat in Mexico, one in the state of Guerrero and the other in Oaxaca. These proved to be the first specimens of Molossops greenhalli taken outside of Trinidad and the first bats of the genus to be reported from north of Panama. Subsequently, Percy L. Clifton obtained, in the state of Jalisco, three more individuals of M. greenhalli, including the first male from the North American mainland.

Comparison with material from Trinidad indicates that the Mexican …

1987 Fall Field Day

Nebraska Bird Review

The weather was bright and clear for the 75 people who attended some part of the 1987 Fall Field Day at the 4-H Camp at Halsey National Forest 3 and 4 October. It was nice to have Mrs. Gross, who broke her leg at the Valentine meeting, among those attending. Her leg was progressing according to schedule, although she still used a crutch, There was the usual slide show Saturday night, the rest of the time was for birding, including banding. The Executive Board decided to have the terms of members of the Records Committee start and expire with the …

Early Fall Migration Of Sedge Wrens, Paul A. Bedell

Nebraska Bird Review

Johnsgard (1980) lists the Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) as an uncommon spring and fall migrant in eastern Nebraska, and a rare summer resident in eastern Nebraska, mostly east of a line from Knox to Gage counties. Half of the initial spring records occur between 1 and 12 May, with the latest 3 June. Half of the final fal1 records occur between 11 Sept. and 9 Oct., with the earliest 29 July. This paper presents observations of Sedge Wrens during 1987 in southcentral Nebraska, west of the line.

I found Sedge Wrens to be local1y common in grassy or …

First Report Of The Nou Records Committee, Wayne J. Mollhoff

Nebraska Bird Review

Since this is the first report of the NOU Records Committee, perhaps a few words of background explanation are in order. I was named to establish a records committee at the annual meeting of the NOU in May 1985. At the fall field day in October 1985 I met with those people who had indicated a willingness to serve and was named chairman. I presented a draft set of by-laws, which we discussed, amended, and adopted. The committee membership and by-laws were approved by the NOU Board of Directors and ultimately published (NBR 54:72-74, ]986). Two of the main …

Index To Volume 55

Nebraska Bird Review

Index to Volume 55 (A-Z)

Accipiter sp. 4

Albino 7, 81, 88, 89

Alexander, George 7 Irene 7

Alfalfa 36

Alfred, Norris 15, 33(2), 59, 79 Wberry, Dwight 43

Allen, Betty 3

Andelt, Frank E. 33

Anderson, James 8

Anhinga 50

Ani, Groove-billed 82

Aphids 37

Avocet, American 14, 30, 35, 54, 59

...........

Yellowlegs, Greater 14, 54, 78
Lesser 14, 35, 43, 55
sp. 14, 55

Yellowthroat, Common 23, 34, 36, 48, 53, 63, 78

Zlonke, Jack 13, 57

Notes- Nebraska Bird Review (December 1987), Charles Lesick Sr., Graham Chisholm, Bill Garthright, John Row, R. G. Cortelyou

Nebraska Bird Review

YELLOW RAILS. On 21 September 1986, while conducting a waterfowl survey on the Jack Senn WMA, near Ceresco, Lancaster Co., I flushed a small rail-like bird, which flew a short distance before landing in heavy grass. Although its flight was very similar to the Virginia Rail and the Sora, which I was accustomed to seeing, the light color and white wing patches were very distinctive. Later I checked a field guide and found that the description most closely matching this bird was that of the very secretive Yellow Rail.

I had planned to do some rail and snipe hunting the …

The Nebraska Bird Review (December 1987)- Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Eskimo Curlew Sighted..............78

1987 Fall Field Day..............78

First Report of the NOU Records Committee..............79

Book Reviews..............85

Early Fall Migration of Sedge Wrens..............86

Notes..............88

Index to Volume 55..............89

The Probe, Issue 78 - December 1987

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
DECEMBER, 1987
3rd Wildlife Damage Control Conference
EPA
Audubon Magazine
Black Bears
APHIS Activity Report
Gray Squirrels
Letters to Ye Ed
Steel-jaw Traps
The American Veterinary Medical Assoc. Executive Beard revised its position statement on traps
Guard Dogs
Coyote Control by Air
Personnel

Book Review- Nebraska Bird Review (December 1987)

Nebraska Bird Review

A Field Guide to Hawks of North America, William S. Clark. Illustrations by Brian K. Wheeler. 1987. Number 35 in The Peterson Field Guide Series. edited by Roger Tory Peterson. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. xii + 198 pp., 24 color plates. 2 black-and-white plates, 241 photographs. 6 figures. 32 maps. ISB N 0- 395-36001 - 3 (hardcover) $19.95, ISBN 0-395-44112-9 (softcover) $13.95.

The softcover is a mere 4.5 x 7.25 inches, and less than 0.75 inches thick, but the wealth of information concerning the field identification of diurnal raptors is enormous. William S. Clark, from Arlington, VA, (not William H. …

Eskimo Curlew Sighted

Nebraska Bird Review

When Craig Faanes, Grand Island, went to the Mormon Island Crane Meadows 16 April 1987 to watch Sandhill Cranes at night he saw a bird that he first took for a Whimbrel. He was familiar with Whimbrels on both coasts, but the more he studied the bird the more he was convinced that the bird was an Eskimo Curlew. After he had gone to the natural history museum at UNL and studied a stuffed Eskimo Curlew be was convinced that that was what he had seen. After the date of this sighting Eskimo Curlews were reported from "the Sabine and …

Nebraska's Modified-Open-Front Farrowing Houses Design And Operation, Gerald R. Bodman, Donald G. Levis, Duane E. Reese

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Two modified-open-front non-mechanically ventilated farrowing houses with creep boxes were operated over a two year period. Annual energy requirements were in the range of 10.6 to 10.9 cents per crate per day. No adverse effects on pig performance were realized. In most instances pig performance exceeded national standards of excellent performance—survival rates in excess of 90% and 21-day pig weights of 5.9 to 6.8 kg (13 to 15 lb). The study verified that another alternative is available to producers who do not want additional mechanical equipment to operate and maintain.

The Probe, Issue 77 - November 1987

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
NOVEMBER, 1987
Duck Hunting Regulations
Cranes
APHIS Activity Report
Bombardier Muskeg Tractor
Hunting License Sales
Letters to Ye Ed
Bird Species Endemic
Arizona Bear Society
A Pest Population Compensating for Mortality Due to Pest Control Measures
Cat Farm
Trupeter Swan colony
Animal Rights

Shakespeare In The Weimar Republic, William Grange

Johnny Carson School of Theatre and Film: Faculty Publications and Creative Activity

The Weimar Republic occupies a period in German history that has long fascinated students of theatre and drama. It was a period of profound change in German social, political, and cultural experience, and rarely has the confluence of those experiences figured so influentially upon the performance of William Shakespeare's plays. In decades previous to Weimar, German Shakespeare productions manifested the awed reverence in which the playwright was held, since most German actors, directors, and designers regarded Shakespeare in the same light as they did Goethe and Schiller. In 1864, for example, Germany celebrated the three-hundredth anniversary of the playwright's birth …

The Glycoprotein Toxin Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis Indicates A Lectinlike Receptor In The Larval Mosquito Gut, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Kenneth Nickerson

Papers in Microbiology

The mosquito-active protein crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis contain covalently attached aminosugars which are critical for their larvicidal activity. The 50% lethal concentrations toward Aedes aegypti larvae were increased up to 10-fold by mild periodate treatment, up to 40-fold by forming the protein crystals in the presence of tunicamycin, and up to 7-fold by the presence during the mosquito bioassays of N-acetylglucosamine or its trimer, triacetylchitotriose. Periodate-treated crystals and crystals formed in the presence of tunicamycin had greatly reduced binding capacities for wheat germ agglutinin, an Nacetylglucosamine- specific lectin. These results suggest that the B. thuringiensis subsp. …

Potential For Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning Of Livestock By Indiangrass, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Hydrocyanic acid or prussic acid poisoning of livestock by sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] and sudangrasses [Sorghum sudanese (Piper) Stapf] is caused by the digestive liberation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) from the cyanogenic compound, dhurrin [(S)-p-hydroxymandelonitrile ,β-D-glucopyranoside] found in tissue of these plants. Recent research documented that dhurrin is also present in indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] seed- lings. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of forage from established stands of indiangrass. Five cultivars representative of indiangrass germplasm of the Great Plains were sampled during the growing season for 2 years …

Catecholamine Training Effects From Exercise Programs: A Bridge To Exercise-Temperament Relationships, Richard A. Dienstbier, Robert L. Laguardia,, Marc Barnes, Gerald Tharp, Richard J. Schmidt

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Three studies were conducted to test whether a catecholamine training effect results from a long-term aerobic exercise program. Study 1 showed significant increases in urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline following moderate mental stress/challenge for male aerobics subjects after a semester of training. Control groups of nonexercisers and continuously in-condition marathoners showed no comparable pre- to post semester catecholamine increases. Male and female Aerobics subjects were contrasted with nonexercisers across a semester in Study 2; the hypothesis was confirmed that postsemester increases in catecholamines occurred only following an episode of mental challenges/stress, and not following base-rate-rest conditions. Under conditions of more active …

Rodenticide Use In Agricultural Crops, Terrell P. Salmon

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The in-crop use of pesticides is allowed only after establishment of a crop tolerance with supporting residue data for the crop. Residue data from different regions and pesticide application methods (hand treatment, aerial broadcast, etc.) are required. Most rodenticide uses have been considered as non-crop since they are generally applied in and around rodent burrows and runways. Because of this, rodenticides do not generally have tolerances or residue information for crop use. Recent inquiries by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a review of current rodenticide labels, and new pesticide laws, suggest the need for reevaluating the question of in-crop use …

Controlling Blackbirds And Starlings At Winter Roosts Using Pa-14, J.F. Heisterberg, A.R. Stickley Jr., K.M. Garner, P.D. Foster Jr.

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The only EPA-registered chemical for lethal control of winter roosting blackbird (Icterinae) and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) populations is Compound PA-14 Avian Lethal Agent (PA-14). Between 1978 and 1987, 39 PA-14 spray operations, 15 by helicopter and 24 by ground-based spray systems, have been conducted at 33 winter roosts in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama. In-roost bird mortality for the aerial operations have been poor, averaging only 4% of the pretreatment roost populations or 114,000 birds killed per spray operation. Although very labor-intensive, a ground-based sprinkler system application method has proven much more successful, averaging 67% in-roost bird mortality …

State/Federal/Private Cooperative Relationships In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

During my 30 year tenure as Alabama's Game and Fish Division Director it has been very gratifying to witness the successful restoration of wildlife populations. We have been able to allow long hunting seasons with liberal bag limits for our popular game species. However, as conditions improved from a recreational standpoint we also experienced an escalation of wildlife damage complaints. Every member of the Alabama Game and Fish Division staff is involved to some extent in answering calls, providing information and otherwise assisting with resolution of wildlife damage complaints.

We do not have the resources required to actively pursue every …

The Future Of Wildlife Damage Control In An Urban Environment, Gary J. San Julian

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

As the trend towards urbanization escalates, the United States is rapidly becoming a nation of non-farmers and suburban residents. Consequently, the conflicts between residents and wildlife species are increasing, while the interest in urban wildlife and backyard habitat is growing. These ' trends, coupled with changes in pesticide regulations, a shortage of trained professionals and relic legislation, create a complex and paradoxical situation for residents and professionals in the area of urban wildlife management. The future of wildlife in the urban environment will depend on our ability to convince and educate wildlife managers, citizens and legislators about the need for …

New Uses Of Livestock Guarding Dogs To Reduce Agriculture/Wildlife Conflicts, R. Coppinger, J. Lorenz, Lorna Coppinger

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Pilot programs in several states have shown that livestock guarding dogs are 70-80% effective in reducing predation on livestock by wildlife, primarily coyotes. In order to increase that percentage, ineffective dogs were studied and new techniques tested that had the potential of turning problems into successes.

From the population of over 1,000 dogs that has been placed on farms and ranches nationwide during the past ten years under the auspices of the Livestock Dog Project at Hampshire College, data was analyzed for each of the three basic behaviors (trustworthy, attentive, protective) that a good guardian needs to exhibit. A wide …

A Perspective From A State Department Of Agriculture: Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Robert J. Mungari

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Prior to addressing our topic of "Research Needs in Wildlife Damage Control" it is necessary to provide you with the perspective of the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets as it relates to wildlife damage. The Department does not possess statutory authority over the management of the State's wildlife resources. We, therefore, lack the ability to address agricultural crop losses from a statewide or regional perspective through the utilization of population management. Instead we must approach damage control on an individual farm basis with the impact of our present control activities and practices being somewhat localized.

Our involvement …

Closing Remarks, James E. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The need for professionalism in wildlife damage prevention and control is more important today than ever before. It will be even more important in the future as we are faced with increasing interaction between people and their interests which includes many different perceptions about wildlife. Wildlife professionals must change their philosophy regarding communication with the public about both the positive and negative impacts of wildlife. We can no longer afford the luxury, if indeed we ever could, of avoiding people and their perceptions about wildlife. We must provide scientific, biologically and ecologically sound information in a form which the public …