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Toward A Resolution Of The Paradox Of Aggressive Displays: Ii. Behavioral Efference And The Communication Of Intentions, Alan B. Bond

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

An inference from game-theory models of animal conflict is that adversaries should not inform one another about their level of aggressive motivation. This poses a paradox for the traditional ethological account of graded aggressive displays because it is usually assumed that the adaptive significance of these behavior patterns lies in their making such information available. To resolve the paradox, I propose that communication is only an incidental effect of displays, and that their primary adaptive function is regulation of the intensity of aggressive encounters through positive feedback on aggressive motivation, a process termed "behavioral efference." Evidence in support of this …

Elaphe Bairdi (Baird’S Rat Snake): Drinking Behavior., Louis A. Somma

Papers in Herpetology

On 13 February 1988. at 1600 h. a captive-bred (hatched July 1985) male Elaphe bairdi (TL.136.9 cm, SVL .. 89.54 cm). maintained in a 50.5 x 25 x 30 cm terrerium was accidently splashed with water. As beads of water on the snake's head rolled down to the upper labial sceles. swallowing was observed. The water on the labial scales was drawn Into the mouth while It was closed. This behavior lasted 42 sec. This behavior was repeated 23 out of 24 trials conducted during the next 24 days. The duration of swallowing wes 9-62 sec (avg 35.8, N = …

Toward A Resolution Of The Paradox Of Aggressive Displays: Ii. Behavioral Efference And The Communication Of Intentions, Alan B. Bond

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

An inference from game-theory models of animal conflict is that adversaries should not inform one another about their level of aggressive motivation. This poses a paradox for the traditional ethological account of graded aggressive displays because it is usually assumed that the adaptive significance of these behavior patterns lies in their making such information available. To resolve the paradox, I propose that communication is only an incidental effect of displays, and that their primary adaptive function is regulation of the intensity of aggressive encounters through positive feedback on aggressive motivation, a process termed "behavioral efference." Evidence in support of this …

Helminth Parasites Of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) From Oregon, Eric P. Hoberg, G. S. Miller, E. Wallner-Pendleton, O. R. Hedstrom

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Helminth parasites are reported for the first time from northern spotted owls. Seventyone percent of a sample of Strix occidentalis caurina from western Oregon was infected. Nematodes (Porrocaecum depressum, Capillaria falconis, Microtetrameres sp. and Synhimantus hamatus) were the most prevalent parasites although cestodes (Paruterina rauschi) and acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus conspectus) were also represented. There was an association between components of this helminth fauna and the diet of spotted owls which is dominated by small rodents. The occurrence of P. rauschi rather than P. candelabraria in this geographic region and host-species may provide additional …

An Alternative Approach For Evaluating The Efficacy Of Potential Biocontrol Agents Of Weeds. 1. Inverse Linear Mode, Dan J. Pantone, William A. Williams, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Methods for evaluating the efflicacy of potential classical biocontrol agents were outlined for a model biocontrol agent-weed-crop system. A proposed biocontrol agent (the fiddleneck flower gall nematode), its weed host (coast fiddleneck), and wheat were used as representative organisms. An additive experimental design (inverse linear model) was used. Regression of the reciprocal of the average plant biomass of each species onto the density of itself and the other plant species yielded competitive indices that measure the competitive ability of the plants. The results of 2 yr of field experiments revealed a dramatic change in the competitive interaction between fiddleneck and …

An Alternative Approach For Evaluating The Efficacy Of Potential Biocontrol Agents Of Weeds. 2. Path Analysis, Dan J. Pantone, William A. Williams, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Path analysis was used to assess the efficacy of the fiddleneck flower gall nematode as a weed biocontrol agent of coast fiddleneck in competition with wheat during 2 yr of field experiments. The path analysis revealed that the number of inflorescences/plant for fiddleneck and the number of heads/plant for wheat were the most important yield components that determine fecundity and seed yield. The density of fiddleneck had a much greater impact on the yield components of fiddleneck than did the density of wheat or the nematode rate of inoculation. The nematode had its greatest negative impact on the number of …

Caribbean Island Zoogeography: A New Approach Using Mitochondrial Dna To Study Neotropical Bats, Carleton J. Phillips, Dorothy E. Pumo, Hugh H. Genoways, Phillip E. Ray

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Genetic analysis of animal mitochondrial DNA is a new and valuable addition to the battery of techniques available to zoogeographers. This paper describes characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that make it applicable for the study of island zoogeography.

Some traditional zoogeographic questions are examined using mtDNA from the Neotropical fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. The specific questions are: 1) To what extent are island populations isolated (that is, does interbreeding occur between the insular subspecies)? 2) Can a single founding female account for the mitochondrial genomes on specific islands in the Antilles? 3) Is there a correlation between the genomic …

Selected Bibliography On Diseases And Parasites Of Fishes: Books, Proceedings, And Reviews, 1978-1989, Joyce A. Mann

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This bibliography was prepared to assist students of fish health, fishery biologists, librarians, and others in selecting reading materials or developing library collections on the diseases and parasites of fishes. A continuation of Fish Disease Leaflet 53, "Diseases and parasites of fish: an annotated bibliography of books and symposium, 1904-1977," it includes English language books, proceedings, and review articles published from 1978 to 1989. It includes references that are readily available by purchase or through interlibrary loan. The references are arranged alphabetically by author surname and then by year within the following major subject classifications: general works, bacterial diseases, histology, …

Immune, Growth And Carcass Responses Of Ram Lambs To Active Immunization Against Desulfated Cholecystokinin (Cck-8), W. E. Trout, J. C. Pekas, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study explored feed intake and carcass responses to active immunization against desulfated cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) in ram lambs. Antibody titers 8 wk following primary immunization and booster immunizations given at 4 and 6 wk averaged greater than 1:1,000. Titers increased to greater than 1:10,000 by 16 wk following a final booster immunization at 11 wk. The antibodies developed against desulfated CCK-8 exhibited 29% and 13% cross-reactivities for sulfated CCK-8 and gastrin-17, respectively. Immunization against desulfated CCK-8 had no effect on feed intake, ADG, carcass weight or carcass quality grade. Backfat thickness and carcass yield grade were reduced (P < .05) by immunization. Organ weights at slaughter, including those of the pancreas and small intestines, were not affected by CCK-8 immunization, with the exception of the lungs, which were 16% lighter (P < .01) in immunized lambs. In conclusion, active immunization against desulfated CCK-8 resulted in development of high antibody titers against desulfated and sulfated CCK-8. Immunization against CCK-8 decreased fat content of the carcass but failed to affect feed intake, carcass weight or ADG.

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter Newsletter, August 1989

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter: Newsletters

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS AND ELECTION OF TREASURER - Jack L. Schinstock, Secretary, Nebraska Chapter

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE - Roger E. Gold, President, Nebraska Chapter

VICE CHANCELLOR'S MESSAGE - Irv Omtvedt, Vice Chancellor for Agriculture and Natural Resources

FROM THE INTERNATIONAL - Lowell E. Moser, Immediate Past International President

IANR OPEN HOUSE TO HIGHLIGHT "NEW DIRECTIONS"

OUR SECOND NEWSLETTER! - Earl F. Ellington, Vice President, Nebraska Chapter

AWARD RECIPIENTS RECOGNIZED AT THE MARCH 12,1989 SCHOLARSHIP RECOGNITION DINNER

1989 GAMMA SIGMA DELTA OFFICERS

REMAINING 1989 ACTIVITIES GAMMA SIGMA DELTA

The Transition From Infancy To Early Childhood: A Difficult Transition, And A Difficult Theory, Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The transition from infancy to early childhood was observed in households in rural Zinacanteco households in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, in 1968-1969, and found to be a fairly lengthy period of upset, disturbance, listlessness, and apathy for the children, leading eventually to their accepting a new position in the family. The transition involved three abrupt and harsh changes: (1) abrupt weaning from the mother’s breast; (2) simultaneous change in sleeping arrangements from lying next to the mother to sleeping with siblings; and (3) more gradual transfer of the child’s primary care from the mother to older siblings or courtyard …

Summer Research Appointments At Federal Research Laboratories, Robert A. Lucas

To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development

Summer Research for New and Established Faculty

Research Opportunity Award Program

Benefits of the Research Opportunity Award Program

DOE Cooperative Laboratory Research Program

Summer Appointments Can Revive Research Careers

Three DOD Programs

Common Characteristics of Summer Research Programs

Options for Agencies without Formal Programs

Role of the Faculty Developer

Conclusion

References

Appendix

Breeding Grasses For The Future, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, F. A. Haskins

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant breeding, including grass breeding, involves taking a raw product, plant germplasm, and improving or adding value to that germ plasm by manipulating its genetic composition. The value added to the germplasm has a cost. It usually costs in excess of $100,000/yr to maintain a viable, ongoing grass breeding program. The output of a grass breeding program, i.e., the released cultivars and germplasm, should have an economic value in excess of the cost of the breeding program. Grass breeding programs have produced products such as 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon doclylon (L.) Pers.] where the economic value has greatly exceeded the …

Irrigating With Windmills On The Great Plains, T. Lindsay Baker

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

In his 1895 graduation thesis from the state agricultural college at Manhattan, Kansas, Fred E. Rader declared of the windmill, "Without, we must emigrate; with it, we can irrigate."¹ Rader summarized the feelings of many farmers in the Arkansas and Platte valleys and elsewhere across the Great Plains in the mid-1890s. He wrote in the heyday of windmill irrigation in the area, when machines employing the free power of the wind to pump water from the ground were seen as the salvation of the region.

Review Of Renewing The World: Plains Indian Religion And Morality., J. Baird Callicott

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Although at midcentury the distinguished anthropologist A. Irving Hallowell suggested a new field, "ethnometaphysics, " at the interface of philosophy and anthropology, there was no stampede to explore it. Philosophers for the most part remain Western cultural narcissists and chauvinists, while anthropologists labor to become scientifically "respectable."

An Empirical Bayes Approach To Analyzing Recurring Animal Surveys, Douglas H. Johnson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Recurring estimates of the size of animal populations are often required by biologists or wildlife managers. Because of cost or other constraints, estimates frequently lack the accuracy desired but cannot readily be improved by additional sampling. This report proposes a statistical method employing empirical Bayes (EB) estimators as alternatives to those customarily used to estimate population size, and evaluates them by a subsampling experiment on waterfowl surveys. EB estimates, especially a simple limited-translation version, were more accurate and provided shorter confidence intervals with greater coverage probabilities than customary estimates.

Review Of The World Of The Crow Indians: As Driftwood Lodges, C. Adrian Heidenreich

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

In this relatively short book, Frey seeks to describe the world view of the Crow (Apsaalooke) Indians of Montana. He places his description within the sociocultural context of the contemporary reservation and uses two key metaphors drawn from the Crow people, first, shifting bundles of driftwood that lodge and cling together in a turbulent river, and second a "medicine" or wagon wheel where the hub and the circumference are connected by distinct spokes. The Crow world is interpreted as one in which everything-human, animal, plant, land, and spirit-is interconnected, and the metaphors provide "symbolism of diversity and unity, receptivity and …

Tribune: Genus And Family: Concepts And Natural Groupings, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A little over two hundred and fifty years ago Linnaeus (= Linne) began to maneuver his concepts of animal arrangement into Aristotle’s logic of classes. Twenty-three years elapsed between the publication of his first and tenth editions of Systema naturae. The tenth edition (1758) is the acknowledged starting point of zoological nomenclature. Often forgotten but highly significant is the fact that he spent those intervening twenty years orchestrating the then known animals into the world of philosophy.

Loss Of Biological Diversity: A Global Crisis Requiring International Solutions: A Report To The National Science Board, Craig Call Black, Perry L. Adkisson, Gardner Mallard Brown, Rita Rossi Colwell, Charles E. Hess, James B. Holderman, K. June Lindstedt-Siva, William A. Nierenberg, Peter Hamilton Raven, Theodore M. Smith, Edward O. Wilson, W. Franklin Harris

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Executive Summary

Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and their relative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are organized at many levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the chemical structures that are the molecular basis of heredity. Thus, the term encompasses different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relative abundance (OTA, 1987).

There is an ongoing, unprecedented loss of the variety as well as absolute numbers of organisms-from the smallest microorganism to the largest and most spectacular of …

The Bats Of Fountain Cavern, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

First paragraph:

During May 1988, two species of bats--Brachyphylla cavernarum (Antillean cave bat) and Natalus stramineus (funnel-eared bat)--were captured at the opening of Fountain Cavern. Only Brachyphylla cavernarum was captured inside of the cave. The weather was extremely wet during our visit to Anguilla so our work in Fountain Cavern was limited by hazardous conditions. Nevertheless, we did make a thorough survey of the bats inside the cave. There is only one other species on Anguilla--Monophyllus redmani (Antillean long-tongued bat)--that might be expected to utilize Fountain Cavern as a roosting site.

Includes the author's recommendations about conservation for …

Social Behavior Of North American Owls, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Social behaviors in animals include a very wide range of interindividual communications, both within and between species. They include such rather generalized social responses as social flocking or roosting behavior, as well as much more individualized and complex interactions such as courtship, aggression, and parental behaviors. Regardless of their complexity, social interactions involve some level of communication or the transmission and interpretation of social signals. These signals can be transmitted in any of several sensory channels, which in owls are most likely to include visual, acoustic, and tactile modes of communication.

Most and perhaps all owls show distinctive postures when …

Farming Systems Research/Extension And The Concepts Of Sustainability, Charles A. Francis, Peter E. Hildebrand

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Farming Systems Research and Extension (FSR/E) has strongly influenced the direction of agricultural development over the past two decades. Involving farmers, change agents and researchers, this participatory approach to technological improvement has evolved as an efficient means to develop individual components and more integrated systems that are uniquely suited to specific biophysical and socioeconomic conditions. Farmers with similar conditions and for whom specific recommendations are appropriate are grouped, in FSR/E, into identifiable Recommendation Domains. The technologies recommended conform with the biophysical and socioeconomic constraints that create environments within the domains, based on the philosophy that new technologies must conform with …

Teaching Weed Identification At Twenty U.S. Universities, John L. Lindquist, Peter Fay, James Nelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The methods used to teach weed identification at 20 U.S. universities were obtained for comparison through a telephone survey in December, 1986, and January, 1987. Weed identification is taught as a portion (30%) of the laboratory section in introductory weed science courses. Only five have a separate weed identification course. Field trips frequently are used to teach weed identification. Students must learn from 50 to 125 weed species with some seedling identification. Pressed plant collections of approximately 50 weed species normally are required. Most instructors strongly suggest using live plants and repetition for long-term learning.

Estimation Of Genetic Parameters For Production And Reproduction In Finnish Ayrshire Cattle, E. Mantysaari, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Records of AI-sired cows born between 1978 and 1982 were used to form two composite production and reproduction data sets. First (second) consisted of 35,568 (26,443) first lactations of daughters of 270 (237) sires. Traits were FCM, heifer, and first parity nonreturn rates, days between calving and first insemination, and days open, with means 5075 (5280) kg, .62 (.62), .44 (.49), 81 (81) d and 110 (111) d. (Co)variance components were estimated by REML with an expectation maximization algorithm. Sire model included age, month, herd-year effects, and relationships among sires. Records on animals with observations missing on some traits were …

Prediction Of Progeny Genetic Evaluations From Simultaneous Genetic Evaluations Of The Dam, Sire, And Maternal Grandsire With An Animal Model, L. Dale Van Vleck, C. P. Van Tassell, R. A. Westell

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Simultaneous genetic evaluations for bulls and cows obtained by mixed model procedures with an animal model incorporating all numerator relationships for artificially sired Holstein cows in northeastern United States were compared with separate (Northeast) mixed model evaluations of cows and sires for predicting genetic evaluations of progeny from dam, sire, and maternal grandsire evaluations. Regression coefficients for progeny (322,104 daughters and 837 sons) evaluations on dam, sire, and maternal grandsire evaluations were for daughters: Northeast evaluations; .50, .37, and -.02 compared to theoretical coefficients of .74, .52, and -.13, and simultaneous evaluations; .61, .50, and -.09 compared to theoretical coefficients …

Ard News December 1988

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
ARD ADVISORY COUNCIL NOTES
SEASONS GREETINGS
GRADUATE STUDENT ENROLLMENT IN IANR PROGRAMS - FALL 1988
RESEARCH GRANTS AND CONTRACTS RECEIVED SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER, 1988
USDA TO SUPPORT NATIONAL NEEDS GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS
FOOD PROCESSING CENTER DAY
PRIORITY RESEARCH INITIATIVES 1988-89
COOPERATIVE STATES RESEARCH SERVICE FUNDING
RESEARCH COUNCIL BUDGETS FOR 1988-89
GRANTS AWARDED FOR THE PERIOD OF JULY 1987• JUNE 1988
NEW AND REVISED PROJECTS
NEW AND REVISED HATCH AND STATE PROJECTS

The Probe, Issue 88 - December 1988

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
DECEMBER 1988
NADCA Executive Board
UGO Logo
Endangered Species
Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference
Livestock Protection Collar
NADCA Dues
Letters to Ye Ed
Progressive Animal Welfare Society
Danish Pest Infestation Lab Annual Report 1987

1988 Fall Field Day

Nebraska Bird Review

There were 65 people who attended part or all of the 1988 Fall Meeting at Halsey Forest 8-9 October. This included Dr. Jan Skoudin, of Prague, Czechoslovakia. Saturday night Dr. Julie Ann Savidge spoke on “The Extinction of an Island Forest Avifauna by an Introduced Snake”, a summary of her investigation of the brown tree snake’s effect on Guam’s avifauna. There was also a short slide show. The rest of the time was available for birding. A few NOU members came early enough on Friday to work with members of the US Forest Service on a butterfly and hummingbird garden …

"Index To Volume 56," From Nebraska Bird Review (December 1988) 56(4).

Nebraska Bird Review

Index to Volume 56

9 pages

"Notes," From Nebraska Bird Review (December 1988) 56(4)

Nebraska Bird Review

ADDITIONAL REPORTS FROM THOMAS COUNTY, SPRING 1988. Mike Dwyer, then working on a grouse telemetry project at Halsey Forest for the Game and Parks Commission, reported a Northern Saw-whet Owl 10 May. Mr. Dwyer's comments were: Most likely territorial male. Constant repetitions whistle. First vocalizations heard at 2345 h. in mixed hardwood/conifers. On 13 June he reported a Chuck-will's-widow, with these remarks: Was close enough to detect the "chuck" syllable of the call. Calling occurred at dusk in mixed hardwoods/conifers.