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Sb75-19/20: Resolution Supporting The Creation Of Transitional Housing Units For Survivors Of Domestic Or Sexual Violence At The University Of Montana, Cierra Anderson

Senate Resolutions, 2007-Present

SB75-19/20: Resolution Supporting the Creation of Transitional Housing Units for Survivors of Domestic or Sexual Violence at the University of Montana. This resolution passed on a 19Y-0N-1A vote during the April 29, 2020 meeting of the 19/20 body of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM).

Documents From The April 29, 2020 Meeting Of The Associated Students Of The University Of Montana (Asum)- New Senate, University Of Montana--Missoula. Associated Students

Senate Meeting Agendas and Minutes, 2007-Present

Agenda and meeting minutes from the April 29, 2020 meeting of the Associate Students of the University of Montana (ASUM). These materials are from the newly established Senate body. The following resolution was discussed:

SB01-20/21: Resolution Supporting the Creation of a COVID-19 Student Group Relief Application

Documents From The April 29, 2020 Meeting Of The Associated Students Of The University Of Montana (Asum)- Old Senate, University Of Montana--Missoula. Associated Students

Senate Meeting Agendas and Minutes, 2007-Present

Agenda and meeting minutes from the April 29, 2020 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM). These are the documents from the old Senate body. The following resolutions were discussed during the meeting:

SB74-19/20: Resolution Amending the ASUM Bylaws to Address Executive Candidate Appearances within ASUM Promotional Materials

SB75-19/20: Resolution Supporting the Creation of Transitional Housing Units for Survivors of Domestic or Sexual Violence at the University of Montana

SB77-19/20: Resolution Establishing a Memorandum of Understanding Between ASUM and Montana Model United Nations

Documents From The April 29, 2020 Meeting Of The 2019-2020 Senate Of The Associated Students Of The University Of Montana (Asum), University Of Montana--Missoula. Associated Students

Senate Meeting Agendas and Minutes, 2007-Present

Agenda and meeting minutes from the April 29, 2020 meeting of the 2019-2020 Senate body of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM). The following resolutions were discussed during the meeting:

SB76-19/20: Resolution Urging UM to Develop Online Sex Trafficking Resources

SB74-19/20: Resolution Amending the ASUM Bylaws to Address Executive Candidate Appearances within ASUM Promotional Materials

SB75-19/20: Resolution Supporting the Creation of Transitional Housing Units for Survivors of Domestic or Sexual Violence at the University of Montana

SB77-19/20: Resolution Establishing a Memorandum of Understanding Between ASUM and Montana Model United Nations

Sb76-19/20: Resolution Urging Um To Develop Online Sex Trafficking Resources, Abbigail Belcher, Alyssa Stokovich

Senate Resolutions, 2007-Present

SB76-19/20: Resolution Urging UM to Develop Online Sex Trafficking Resources. This resolution passed unanimously during the April 29, 2020 meeting of the 19/20 body of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM).

Can A Molecule Within Chili Peppers Enhance Cough Suppression Therapy For Individuals With Chronic Cough?, Paige E. Morkrid, Rachel Harker

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

This study includes individuals with Refractory Chronic Cough, who often experience significant disruption in quality of life such as depression, social isolation, and loss of work. Participants have previously been unresponsive to medical treatment, including behavioral cough suppression therapy. The aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of using a molecule found within chili peppers-capsaicin-to enhance existing behavioral cough suppression techniques.

Participants were randomized to either a treatment or placebo group and evaluated through pretest, treatment and post-test measures. Pretest measures established the participants baseline, which included: the concentration of aerosolized capsaicin that elicits five coughs when inhaled …

Do Studies Of Speech Sound Acquisition Accurately Represent All Children? A Comparison Of Demographic And Design Variables Across Normative Studies., Allyson K. Mertz

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Purpose: Normative data are collected from a sample of the population to establish benchmarks for developmental expectations. A developmental timeline for speech sounds has been established using these benchmarks. This timeline is used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to determine whether a child’s speech skills are developing in a typical or delayed manner, and is often critical in qualifying a child for speech pathology services. However, for the clinical comparison to be accurate and valid, SLPs should be aware of the demographic and design variables used in each study to determine if the children being tested are fairly represented. Thus, the …

An Exploration Of Group Intervention For Family Caregivers Of Stroke Survivors With Aphasia, Madison Larson, Dawson Jakober

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Aphasia is a language impairment that commonly disrupts language comprehension (i.e., reading and listening to spoken language) and production (i.e., speaking and writing) in stroke survivors. Persons with aphasia (PWAs) are often cared for by an unpaid family caregiver (i.e., spouse, relative, friend) who assists them with activities of daily living and daily communication tasks (e.g., texting, emailing, phone calling). During a 4-week intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP) at the University of Montana (UM) family caregivers of PWAs participated in interventions designed to improve family caregiver well-being, to improve PWA-caregiver communication, and to improve quality of life for both PWAs …

Understanding The Perceptions Of Threats And Risks People Have Towards Wildlife, Paige King

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Human-wildlife interactions occur in an array of settings. In Yellowstone National Park and surrounding areas, a major issue is visitors approaching wildlife. This is a concern for the safety of visitors and wildlife, visitor experience, and preservation of natural and cultural values of the National Park. The goal of the study is to understand the thought process behind trying to approach wildlife. Knowing the threats and the potentials risks of approaching wildlife generally influences decision making when encountering wildlife. Emotional connections people have regarding wildlife may also have a significant impact on their decision-making process. Visitors are likely to have …

Fish On Fluoxetine: Fins Of Fury Or Fins Of Fainéant, Isabella J. Kadrmas, Tori Baur, Serena Gardner, Sayde Reeves, Cassidy Cruciotti, Mariah Oboyle, Lukas Millward, Susan Greene

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

In recent years there has been an increase in chemical disposal of antidepressants, such as Fluoxetine, entering our water system through treated wastewater. Of concern is the small aquatic species being expected to survive and reproduce in this poisoned water system. Various behavioral effects have been found across species around the world, in all ecosystems. Furthermore, these toxins accumulate in aquatic species and can be transferred via consumption to other organisms, spreading the toxins and causing unknown consequences. In smaller organisms, many behavioral effects have already been documented such as changes in movement and motivation. In order to further study …

Similarities And Differences Between French And Universal Consonant Acquisition, Shafer Higgins, Madison Hinshaw

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Consonant acquisition refers to the developmental process of learning to use individual consonants sounds in spoken communication. A consonant is “acquired” when a child can produce it accurately and independently. Each language has its own unique progression of consonants that are acquired by native speakers as they develop linguistically. In the ongoing process of comparing consonant acquisition across languages, many universal patterns have emerged. However, discrepancies exist between these universal patterns of consonant acquisition and the progression of consonant acquisition in individual languages. Speech-language assessments use the consonant acquisition of individual children as one of the benchmarks to identify those …

Language Contributions To Early Word Reading Success, Allison Beall, Maria Begger, Mary Fahlman, Melissa Phelan, Samantha Hege, Sophia Tolbert

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Title:Identifying kindergarten children at risk for developmental language disorder and dyslexia using a whole-classroom screen.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determineif two whole-classroom screeners of language and literacy skills administered to local kindergarten classrooms can reliably identify children at risk for developmental language disorder (DLD) and dyslexia.

Method: Two cohorts of kindergarten children in asingle public-school district (n = 1127) completed two separate 25-minute, whole-classroom screens in the Fall of 2018 and 2019; one targeting grammatical skills (language) and the other targeting phonological and orthographic awareness skills (literacy).A subsample of these children completed an assessment battery of …

Parent Storybook Reading Trainings And Their Effects On Early Literacy Acquisition, Morgan K. Anderson

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Early access and exposure to literacy promotes language development and is essential to future academic success. When caregivers and toddlers engage in shared storybook reading, children are exposed to a variety of language experiences. One way to provide a rich language-literacy experience is to incorporate all essential layers of language (e.g. word meaning, sentence structure, principles of sound) simultaneously in a structured way to facilitate language and literacy acquisition. The focus of the Promoting Language Literacy Acquisition-Interaction in Youth (PLLAY) Lab is to identify ways to improve caregiver-child interactions to support early literacy experiences. We know that not only the …

Thermal Calibration Of Infrared Cameras For Use On Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Eleanor I. Serviss

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

There is an increasing demand for infrared cameras aboard small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) for research in wildlife biology, fire, geology, land management practices, and emergency services. The University of Montana’s Autonomous Aerial Systems Office regularly flies missions with infrared cameras on sUAS. Because sUAS generally use infrared cameras without onboard temperature control systems due to weight restrictions, temperature measurements are highly affected by internal camera temperature and the cameras need regular calibration. This project documents an attempt to calibrate one of these cameras without accessing the camera’s internal thermistor.

For calibration, an aluminum mirror reflected the camera’s internal thermal …

Synthesis, Characterization, And Reactivity Of Putative High-Valent Nickel-Oxo Species, Anna K. Schmautz, Yubin Kwon

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Terminal metal-oxo species are important intermediates in many biological systems such as the mononuclear non-heme iron oxygenases that utilize Fe(IV)-oxo intermediates to initiate oxidative transformations. The formation of a stable high-valent metal-oxo complex for late-transition metals is challenging synthetically and terminal metal-oxo ligands for metals in groups nine through twelve are rare. In this work, we synthesized a mononuclear Nickel complex through different oxidation states of +2, +3, and +4 supported by a dianionic, tridentate ligand. We produced a putative Ni(IV) complex by a single sequence reaction between Ni(III)OH and an oxidant, ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN). The reactivity of this …

The Importance Of Charge Subclusters On Overall Electrostatics Of Human Cytochrome C Site-A Binding To Cardiolipin Nanodiscs, Joseph P. Pennington

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Cytochrome c (Cytc), a membrane associated redox active protein, functions as an electron shuttle in the electron transport chain. Additionally, it participates in the intrinsic pathway for apoptosis, exhibiting peroxidase activity when interacting with the mitochondrial membrane lipid, cardiolipin. The electrostatic binding site of Cytc, site A, has historically been attributed to positively-charged lysines, in particular, the Lys 72/73 and Lys 86/87 subclusters. These charge subclusters are thought to be the predominant site of interaction between cardiolipin and Cytc at pH 8 as they create zones of positive charge on the protein surface that interact with the negative charge of …

Exploring Effects Of Gps Processing On Atmospheric Responses Of Earth Deformation, Cody T. Norberg

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Surface mass loads, such as oceans, atmosphere, glaciers, snowpack, and freshwater exert forces on Earth’s surface, causing the crust to change shape, also known as crustal deformation. The response of Earth’s crust to these mass loads is often easily predicted and removed from crustal measurements, except atmospheric response, which is much more variable from weather conditions. The Global Positioning System (GPS), which transmits radio signals between satellites and ground receivers, can monitor millimeter changes to the crust’s shape. This data is recorded by over 1200 GPS stations from the Plate Boundary Observatory network all across the western United States. However, …

Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry Measurements Of Propylene Glycol And Diethylene Glycol: Preliminary Results, Keri D. Nauman

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are precursors of fine particulate matter anground-level ozone, both of which threaten the public health and are regulated by the U.S. EPA.. Due to the decrease in emissions from traditional transportation vehicles and power plants in the last four decades, volatile chemical products (VCPs) have become an emerging contributor to VOC emissions in urban atmosphere. These VCPs are typically found in household products as inactive ingredients, including cleaning agents, aerosol sprays, personal/hygienic care products, printer ink, pesticides, etc. Once these products are used, the VCPs volatilize and participate in reactions that form ground-level ozone and …

Comparison Of Electrochemical And Spectrophotometric Ph For Freshwater Analysis, Samantha C. King

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Electrochemical and spectrophotometric pH of the Clark Fork River were studied to assess the data quality of both methods. There have been very few comparisons between spectrophotometric pH and electrochemical pH. This comparison is important because pH electrodes remain the primary method for measuring freshwater pH but the data quality is always questionable. Using the spectrophotometric method for measuring pH could potentially improve pH data quality significantly. This is because spectrophotometric pH relies on absorbance measurements that are very reproducible whereas glass electrode measurements have various sources of inaccuracy that are difficult to quantify. Water samples were collected from August …

Nonpoint Source Nitrate Pollution In Groundwater Of Bitterroot Valley, Montana, Hayden A. Hunter, Hunter Nickel, Michaela Allred, Alexa Clark, Kara Wissenbach, Jordan Thayne, Nick Wetzsteon, Jackson Stephens, Kassidy Webber, Matthew Price, Flloyd Eakle, Bryce Rigler, Aiden Cocozzo

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Using a watershed approach to study nonpoint source pollution over six-years in the Bitterroot Valley, we at Bitterroot College, have identified two wells with dangerous nitrate levels and a consistent loading of 8 pounds per day emerging as spring water from the aquifer beneath Hamilton. Water quality assessments of nutrients and pesticides nationwide show that nonpoint source pollution often leads to impairment of surface water fisheries and drinking water. Excess nitrogen causes eutrophication in the Bitterroot River. Nitrate levels in drinking water above 10 parts per million are potentially dangerous to newborn infants. Nitrate is converted to nitrite in the …

Preparation Of Enantiopure Methyl Nonactate Derivatives From Fermentation And Its Use In Synthesis Of New Antibiotics, Blaik Hopewell

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Nonactin is a cyclic macrotetrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseus consisting of two monomers of (+)-nonactic acid and two monomers of (-)-nonactic acid. Following extraction and methanolysis of nonactin and its related nactins, e.g. monactin, methyl nonactate can be purified as a 70:30 mixture of the (-) and (+) enantiomers. Methyl nonactates contain four chiral centers, having a total of 16 stereoisomers. The (+) enantiomer has initially been shown to have a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) when tested against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive pathogens compared to its complimentary (-) enantiomer. The difference of activity between the enantiomers …

Developing Soil Water Potential Time Series Using The Montana Mesonet’S In-Situ Sensor Data And Lab-Measured Soil Characteristics, Carly R. Andlauer

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

As a headwaters state, changes in water across Montana’s landscape can have major implications for nearly two-thirds of the land area of the Conterminous United States to which its two major river basins drain. Monitoring watersheds in Montana provides important metrics for drought detection, agricultural management, and other natural resource management decisions. The Montana Mesonet, a wireless network of 79 meteorological, soil moisture, and groundwater monitoring stations, was created in 2016 to provide monitoring data. This network is supported through federal, state, tribal and private partnerships. Each station records measures at 15-minute intervals, including: soil moisture, soil-water conductivity, precipitation, relative …

Does Relative Condition Predict Probability Of Spawning And Post-Spawning Mortality For A Migratory Inland Trout?, Maggie Wallace

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Fluvial Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) occupy a variety of river habitats over their life, moving long distances in order to complete their life history. Despite being iteroparous, individual Westslope Cutthroat Trout have high mortality associate with spawning and may skip spawning some years. We hypothesized that initial body condition at tagging is positively related to probability of spawning, migration distance, and post-spawning mortality. Additionally, we expect distance moved upstream may explain variation in post-spawning survival. We used radio telemetry to track movements of 70 non-hybridized Westslope Cutthroat Trout greater than 350mm in Rock Creek, Montana from …

Genetic Analysis Of Changes In Body Length In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Mikaya Terzo

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

The regulation of the cell cycle is an essential process that contributes to the normal growth and division as well as the prevention of tumor formation. A cell’s progress through mitosis is regulated by a network of proteins that affect the cyclin B–Cdk1 complex. In C. elegans, there are 4 different cyclin B genes that partner with Cdk1: cyb-1, cyb-2.1, cyb-2.2, and cyb-3. Although all are required for completion of embryonic cell divisions, the detailed functions of some of these cyclins, including any contribution to the regulation of animal size, are still unknown. After noticing a …

Winterization Techniques For Populations Of Apis Mellifera Ligustica And Apis Mellifera Carnica In Western Montana, Jessica Raty

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Winterization techniques for populations of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera carnica in western Montana

Agroecology

Abstract: The relationship between domestic honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera carnica) and winter in a northern climate was studied to determine an effective, economical, and environmentally-sustainable method to keep the University of Montana Gardens’ colonies alive over the winter. Successfully winterizing bees would kickstart UM Gardens’ pollination and reduce the carbon impact from implementing new colonies every season, ultimately contributing to earlier, healthier and fuller plants and produce for the Food Zoo. The University currently owns two hives containing colonies of …

The Evolution Of Dragons, Laura Janelle Mayfield

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Dragons have been depicted in human art as early as 4500 BCE. For centuries, these fantasy creatures have inspired countless folk and fantasy tales, as well as appearing in the art of different cultures around the world. Now there are thousands of different depictions of these huge, flying, fire-breathing lizards, but are any of them plausible? In this study, I referenced peer-reviewed scientific articles, phylogenetic analysis, and paleoart studies to create biologically-sound dragons. Basing the dragon lineage on a real branch of webbed-winged scansoriopterygids—an extinct family of climbing and gliding maniraptoran dinosaurs—I explored the possible wing-structure, fire-breathing abilities, and effects …

Investigation Of Novel Cyp26 Inhibitor For Treatment Of Traumatic Brain Injury, Jacob M. Leatherwood

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Over 5.4 million Americans are living with traumatic brain injury (TBI) related symptoms today, with 10 million occurring annually on a global level. While once considered an isolated event, current research is redefining TBIs as the initiation of a disease process that can last a lifetime and impact multiple organ systems. Within the nervous system, injury occurs in two phases: the initial insult, and a post-traumatic inflammatory response. Retinoic acid (RA) signal transduction is activated when contusions, compressions, and lacerations occur in the nervous system, and recent studies have shown that endogenous RA in the brain supports neuronal protection, axonal …

Leaf Choice Of Pteronarcys Californica In Rock Creek, Montana, Emily L. Hamant, Art Woods, James Frakes

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

The Giant Salmonfly (Pteronarcys californica), the largest species of stonefly in the world, are vital to streams in western North America. Understanding their diet may shed light on interactions between invertebrates and common riparian trees such as alder, cottonwood, chokecherry, dogwood, and willow. P. californica consume primarily fungal and microbial colonies on decomposing ‘conditioned’ leaves in streams. The rate and timing of leaf decomposition varies due to the toughness and chemistry of the leaves and the communities of microbes that colonize them. There are multiple species of leaves in the stream at any time, but they decompose with …

Westslope Cutthroat Trout Summer Movement In Western Mt Headwater Streams, Hayden Cody

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

In western Montana, Westslope Cutthroat Trout (WCT) have become increasingly confined to small headwater tributaries. In these systems, habitat degradation and Eastern Brook Trout (EBT) invasion pose major threats to WCT. Even though movement is a well-established key process enabling fishes to access spawning, foraging, and overwintering habitats and meet their resource needs in a heterogeneous stream environment, little is known about resident WCT movement in these headwater systems. As we work to conserve these populations, describing the scales of movement and understanding how they differ among streams is useful. The objective of this project was to describe summer WCT …

The Endosymbiont Wolbachia Modifies Temperature Preference In Insect Host Species, Chelsey N. Caldwell

University of Montana Conference on Undergraduate Research (UMCUR)

Maternally transmitted Wolbachia bacteria infect most insect species and other arthropods. Wolbachia that naturally infect the fly Drosophila melanogaster (wMel) have the ability to block transmission of deadly viruses like Zika and dengue when transinfected into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Researchers have transformed Ae. aegypti populations with wMel on several continents, reducing human disease transmission. Despite the global prevalence of Wolbachia and its potential as a tool for biocontrol of human disease, we have limited understanding of how Wolbachia affect physiology and behavior of their natural Drosophila hosts. Research suggests the wMel strain modifies the temperature preference of …