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Articles 91 - 120 of 295
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Rscn 271n.01: Issues In Wilderness Ecology, Donald J. Bedunah
Rscn 271n.01: Issues In Wilderness Ecology, Donald J. Bedunah
University of Montana Course Syllabi
No abstract provided.
Global Population Dynamics And Hot Spots Of Response To Climate Change, Eric Post, Jebediah Brodie, Mark Hebblewhite, Angela D. Anders, Julie A. K. Maier, Christopher C. Wilmers
Global Population Dynamics And Hot Spots Of Response To Climate Change, Eric Post, Jebediah Brodie, Mark Hebblewhite, Angela D. Anders, Julie A. K. Maier, Christopher C. Wilmers
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
Understanding how biotic and abiotic factors influence the abundance and distribution of organisms has become more important with the growing awareness of the ecological consequences of climate change. In this article, we outline an approach that complements bioclimatic envelope modeling in quantifying the effects of climate change at the species level. The global population dynamics approach, which relies on distribution-wide, data-driven analyses of dynamics, goes beyond quantifying biotic interactions in population dynamics to identify hot spots of response to climate change. Such hot spots highlight populations or locations within species' distributions that are particularly sensitive to climate change, and identification …
Ecological Facilitation May Drive Major Evolutionary Transitions, Zaal Kikvidze, Ragan M. Callaway
Ecological Facilitation May Drive Major Evolutionary Transitions, Zaal Kikvidze, Ragan M. Callaway
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
There is a growing consensus among ecologists that ecological facilitation comprises a historically overlooked but crucial suite of biotic interactions. Awareness of such positive interactions has recently led to substantial modifications in ecological theory. In this article we suggest how facilitation may be included in evolutionary theory. Natural selection based on competition provides a conceptually complete paradigm for speciation, but not for major evolutionary transitions-the emergence of new and more complex biological structures such as cells, organisms, and eusocial populations. We find that the successful theories developed to solve these specific problematic transitions show a consistent pattern: they focus on …
Monitoring Noxious Weeds Invasions In Riparian Areas Following Livestock Exclusion Of The Upper Big Hole River Valley: Adaptive Management Under The Candidate Conservation Agreement With Assurances Project, Ana Ingrid Pederson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
As a 2008 summer intern working for the Nature Conservancy, I arrived in the Big Hole Valley and was introduced to an innovative federal land management program initiated to benefit government land managers, local ranchers, and the general public while increasing ecological integrity in the valley and recovering the fluvial Arctic grayling species. The government program offered funding assistance to local ranchers for conservation projects that would help recover the species, but the landowner had to agree to a few stipulations; among them are riparian enclosures fenced for 5 years to exclude all domestic grazing. The goal of this project …
Study On Regional Responses Of Pan-Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems To Recent Climate Variability Using Satellite Remote Sensing, Ke Zhang
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
I applied a satellite remote sensing based production efficiency model (PEM) using an integrated AVHRR and MODIS FPAR/LAI time series with a regionally corrected NCEP/NCAR reanalysis surface meteorology and NASA/GEWEX shortwave solar radiation inputs to assess annual terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) for the pan-Arctic basin and Alaska from 1983 to 2005. I developed a satellite remote sensing based evapotranspiration (ET) algorithm using GIMMS NDVI with the above meteorology inputs to assess spatial patterns and temporal trends in ET over the pan-Arctic region. I then analyzed associated changes in the regional water balance defined as the difference between precipitation (P) …
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of Biomes In The Northwestern United States (9000 Ybp To The Present), Christopher Caleb Stump
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of Biomes In The Northwestern United States (9000 Ybp To The Present), Christopher Caleb Stump
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The goal of this study was to quantitatively analyze and map the vegetation composition of forest, grassland, and steppe ecosystems in the northwestern United States in the present and through the last 9,000 years. The modern analysis used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) on pollen percentages from recent sediment cores reflecting modern vegetation assemblages and climates to evaluate the amount of influence of selected environmental variables on present species distributions. The fossil analysis used non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) on a merged database containing relative pollen percentages from the last 9000 years. A predefined list of environmental parameters and floristically and ecologically …
For 271.01: Wilderness Ecology, Paul Alaback
For 271.01: Wilderness Ecology, Paul Alaback
University of Montana Course Syllabi
No abstract provided.
Evst 495.01: Special Topics - Applied Ecology Field Study, Vicki J. Watson, Nathaniel Robinson
Evst 495.01: Special Topics - Applied Ecology Field Study, Vicki J. Watson, Nathaniel Robinson
University of Montana Course Syllabi
No abstract provided.
Anth 400.01: History Of Anthropological Thought, Richard A. Sattler
Anth 400.01: History Of Anthropological Thought, Richard A. Sattler
University of Montana Course Syllabi
No abstract provided.
2008 Friends Of The University Of Montana Herbarium Newsletter, Peter Lesica, David Dyer
2008 Friends Of The University Of Montana Herbarium Newsletter, Peter Lesica, David Dyer
Newsletters of the Friends of the University of Montana Herbarium
MONTU Gets a Helping Hand During the Depression / Peter Lesica -- Activities -- Notes from the Board / Elizabeth Crone -- MONTU People: Wally Albert -- MONT News Briefs -- 2008 Friends of the UM Herbarium Annual Meeting -- Destructive Sampling of Herbarium Specimens / Peter Lesica -- Meet MONTU's Student Employees / Dave Dyer -- Montana Flora Online Project / Peter Lesica
Potential Site Productivity Influences The Rate Of Forest Structural Development, Andrew J. Larson, James A. Lutz, Rolf F. Gersonde, Jerry F. Franklin, Forest F. Hietpas
Potential Site Productivity Influences The Rate Of Forest Structural Development, Andrew J. Larson, James A. Lutz, Rolf F. Gersonde, Jerry F. Franklin, Forest F. Hietpas
Forest Management Faculty Publications
Development and maintenance of structurally complex forests in landscapes formerly managed for timber production is an increasingly common management objective. It has been postulated that the rate of forest structural development increases with site productivity. We tested this hypothesis for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests using a network of permanent study plots established following complete timber harvest of the original old-growth forests. Forest structural development was assessed by comparing empirical measures of live tree structure to published values for Douglas-fir forests spanning a range of ages and structural conditions. The rate of forest structural development—resilience—exhibited a positive relationship …
A Literature Review Of The Effects Of Energy Development On Ungulates: Implications For Central And Eastern Montana, Mark Hebblewhite
A Literature Review Of The Effects Of Energy Development On Ungulates: Implications For Central And Eastern Montana, Mark Hebblewhite
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
A literature review of >160 scientific and technical reports was conducted to review the effects of energy development ungulates, separated by important seasonal and habitat types. Effects of energy development and human activity in general were assessed for elk, mule deer, pronghorn antelope, moose, bighorn sheep and woodland caribou. Weaknesses of the existing literature in addressing and providing guidelines for the management of energy development are presented. A recommended course of action for management oriented research is presented. Finally, a searchable electronic database is developed of the literature including abstracts and digital copies to aid in evaluating future energy development …
Filling Key Gaps In Population And Community Ecology, Anurag A. Agrawal, David D. Ackerly, Fred Adler, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Carla Cáceres, Daniel F. Doak, Eric Post, Peter J. Hudson, John L. Maron, Kailen A. Mooney, Mary Power, Doug Schemske, Jay Stachowicz, Sharon Strauss, Monica G. Turner, Earl Werner
Filling Key Gaps In Population And Community Ecology, Anurag A. Agrawal, David D. Ackerly, Fred Adler, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Carla Cáceres, Daniel F. Doak, Eric Post, Peter J. Hudson, John L. Maron, Kailen A. Mooney, Mary Power, Doug Schemske, Jay Stachowicz, Sharon Strauss, Monica G. Turner, Earl Werner
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We propose research to fill key gaps in the areas of population and community ecology, based on a National Science Foundation workshop identifying funding priorities for the next 5–10 years. Our vision for the near future of ecology focuses on three core areas: predicting the strength and context-dependence of species interactions across multiple scales; identifying the importance of feedbacks from individual interactions to ecosystem dynamics; and linking pattern with process to understand species coexistence. We outline a combination of theory development and explicit, realistic tests of hypotheses needed to advance population and community ecology.
Is Selectively Harvested Forest An Ecological Trap For Olive-Sided Flycatchers?, Bruce A. Robertson, Richard L. Hutto
Is Selectively Harvested Forest An Ecological Trap For Olive-Sided Flycatchers?, Bruce A. Robertson, Richard L. Hutto
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Disturbance-dependent species are assumed to benefit from forestry practices that mimic the appearance of postdisturbance landscapes. However, human activities that closely mimic the appearance but not the fundamental quality of natural habitats could attract animals to settle whether or not these habitats are suitable for their survival or reproduction. We examined habitat selection behavior and nest success of Olive-sided Flycatchers (Contopus cooperi) in a naturally occurring burned forest and an anthropogenically created habitat type-selectively harvested forest. Olive-sided Flycatcher density and nestling provisioning rates were greater in the selectively harvested landscape, whereas estimated nest success in selectively harvested forest was roughly …
Predicting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa) Range Expansion Near Missoula Montana Using Localized Climate And Elevation Data, William Frank Preston Cumming
Predicting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa) Range Expansion Near Missoula Montana Using Localized Climate And Elevation Data, William Frank Preston Cumming
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Since the 1920s spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) has adapted to a variety of habitats, including pastureland, rangeland, hay land, open forests, road sides, and ditches. In 2003 this plant species dominated more than five million acres in Montana, half of the total infestation of noxious weeds in the state. This project demonstrates the utility of using downscaled Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data for predicting vegetation movement within a 2°×2° geographical area surrounding Missoula County, Montana. This localized climate change data was correlated against current knapweed range using validation data from the Volunteer for Wilderness Program at the …
Succession Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Causes, Consequences, And Considerations, Jeffrey Scott Piotrowski
Succession Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Causes, Consequences, And Considerations, Jeffrey Scott Piotrowski
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil fungi associations with the majority of terrestrial plants. These fungi may affect a wide range of ecosystem processes from primary productivity to soil stabilization. Understanding the patterns and controls of AMF abundance during succession soil will be critical to predicting and managing ecosystem development. The work presented in chapter 2 is the first to describe changes in the abundance of mycorrhizal types during development of an unregulated floodplain. These findings are important to floodplain regulation and management strategies as they suggest that flow regulation that limits early site formation will limit the ecosystem contributions …
Sedimentary Legacy Of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) And Climate Change In An Ultra-Oligotrophic, Glacially-Turbid British Columbia Nursery Lake, Aaron C. Hill
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Anadromous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations are strongly regulated by climatic regimes and human activities across numerous spatial and temporal scales. The carcasses of adults returning to spawn provide important marine derived nutrients (MDN) to freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems through multiple trophic pathways. Sockeye salmon (O. nerka) rear extensively in lakes and recent studies of sockeye nursery lake sediments in Alaska have used indicators of spawner density (ä15N) and algal production (fossil pigments and diatoms) to show that lake trophic status is often regulated by climate and harvest via MDN from adult spawners. However, the strength of these controls and …
Community Forestry Education In The Swan Valley, Mt: Contributions Of Northwest Connections' Field Program, Joanna Elizabeth Seibert
Community Forestry Education In The Swan Valley, Mt: Contributions Of Northwest Connections' Field Program, Joanna Elizabeth Seibert
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
As the community forestry movement matures, a question remains regarding what kind of educational experience nurtures and inspires people in community forestry? This thesis seeks to contribute to a better understanding of community forestry education by examining a field educational program known as “Landscape and Livelihood” (LL) offered by Northwest Connections, a small community-based conservation organization in the upper Swan Valley of western Montana. Based on extensive interviews, observation and the author’s own personal experience as a former LL student, the thesis documents the program’s use of field ecological studies involving both scientific and local knowledge integrated with journaling, homestays, …
Energy Flow In A Floodplain Aquifer Ecosystem, Brian Reid
Energy Flow In A Floodplain Aquifer Ecosystem, Brian Reid
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
We developed an energy budget to identify energy sources for the invertebrate community of a large 20 km2 floodplain aquifer, based on biomass distributions, organismal respirometry, in situ community respiration, mesocosm and microcosm experiments, stable isotopes and invertebrate gut contents. The invertebrate respiration scaling exponent was 0.474 (+/- 0.068, 95% CI) across six orders in body mass, which is significantly lower than the ¾ power scaling predicted by metabolic theory. Invertebrate production was dominated by copepods (Diacyclops, Acanthocyclops, Bryocamptus), Stygobromus amphipods, and amphibiont stoneflies, and ranged from 26.9 to 4200 mg C/m3 sediment/year. Production and density showed a U-shaped response …
Montana Kaimin, November 28, 2006, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula
Montana Kaimin, November 28, 2006, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula
Montana Kaimin, 1898-present
Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula. Page 7 is missing.
Linking Scales In Stream Ecology, Winsor H. Lowe, Gene E. Likens, Mary E. Power
Linking Scales In Stream Ecology, Winsor H. Lowe, Gene E. Likens, Mary E. Power
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The hierarchical structure of natural systems can be useful in designing ecological studies that are informative at multiple spatial scales. Although stream systems have long been recognized as having a hierarchical spatial structure, there is a need for more empirical research that exploits this structure to generate an understanding of population biology, community ecology, and species-ecosystem linkages across spatial scales. We review studies that link pattern and process across multiple scales of stream-habitat organization, highlighting the insight derived from this multiscale approach and the role that mechanistic hypotheses play in its successful application. We also describe afrontier in stream research …
A Framework For Understanding Ecological Traps And An Evaluation Of Existing Evidence, Bruce A. Robertson, Richard L. Hutto
A Framework For Understanding Ecological Traps And An Evaluation Of Existing Evidence, Bruce A. Robertson, Richard L. Hutto
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
When an animal settles preferentially in a habitat within which it does poorly relative to other available habitats, it is said to have been caught in an “ecological trap.” Although the theoretical possibility that animals may be so trapped is widely recognized, the absence of a clear mechanistic understanding of what constitutes a trap means that much of the literature cited as support for the idea may be weak, at best. Here, we develop a conceptual model to explain how an ecological trap might work, outline the specific criteria that are necessary for demonstrating the existence of an ecological trap, …
Tests Of Landscape Influence: Nest Predation And Brood Parasitism In Fragmented Ecosystems, J. J. Tewksbury, L. Garner, S. Garner, J. D. Lloyd, V. Saab, Thomas E. Martin
Tests Of Landscape Influence: Nest Predation And Brood Parasitism In Fragmented Ecosystems, J. J. Tewksbury, L. Garner, S. Garner, J. D. Lloyd, V. Saab, Thomas E. Martin
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
The effects of landscape fragmentation oil nest predation and brood parasitism, the two primary Causes of avian reproductive failure, have been difficult to generalize across landscapes, yet few Studies have clearly considered the context and spatial scale of: fragmentation. Working in two river systems fragmented by agricultural and rural-housing development, we tracked nesting Success and brood parasitism in > 2500 bird nests in 38 patches of deciduous riparian woodland. Patches oil both river Systems were embedded in one of two local contexts (buffered from agriculture by coniferous forest, or adjacent to agriculture), but the abundance of agriculture and human habitation within …
A Practical Look At The Variable Area Transect, Solomon Z. Dobrowski, Shannon K. Murphy
A Practical Look At The Variable Area Transect, Solomon Z. Dobrowski, Shannon K. Murphy
Forest Management Faculty Publications
The variable area transect (VAT) is a plotless density estimator that has received little attention in the ecological literature despite having potentially robust estimation properties. VAT allows for density estimations without the lengthy search times associated with other plotless density estimators. In spite of this, little has been written about the effect of varying transect widths on its density estimation properties or on the practical implementation of the VAT in field settings. An artificial population sampler was used to examine the effect of transect width on density estimates obtained using the VAT. Three transect widths were chosen corresponding to the …
Monitoring Survival Of Young In Ungulates: A Case Study With Rocky Mountain Elk, Nyeema Charmaine Harris
Monitoring Survival Of Young In Ungulates: A Case Study With Rocky Mountain Elk, Nyeema Charmaine Harris
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Harris, Nyeema C., M.S., Spring 2007 Wildlife Biology MONITORING SURVIVAL OF YOUNG IN UNGULATES: A CASE STUDY WITH ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK Chairperson: Daniel H. Pletscher Survival of young is an important determinant of population growth and persistence in ungulate populations. Therefore, monitoring the survival of young is an essential component in many research and management programs. The primary techniques used to monitor survival of young in ungulate populations are age ratios, obtained from herd composition surveys, and telemetry studies of marked individuals. Concerns about survival of young and the impact of predators on recruitment have recently arisen because of reported …
Effectiveness Of Stand-Scale Forest Restoration, Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon, Jay C. Lininger
Effectiveness Of Stand-Scale Forest Restoration, Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon, Jay C. Lininger
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Lininger, Jay Charles, Fall 2006 Environmental Studies Chair: Dr. Len Broberg This case study documents the effectiveness of stand-scale forest restoration activities undertaken in the “Penny Stew” project on federal land in the central Siskiyou Mountains of southwest Oregon. Its dual purpose is to 1) define reference conditions and build a site-specific case for restoration through multi-scale analysis of historical ecology (Chapter III), and 2) demonstrate streamlined monitoring protocols that practitioners can use to adapt restoration practices over time (Chapter IV). Discussion of methodological efficacy in Chapter IV offers implications for FEAT-FIREMON Integration (FFI), a fire effects monitoring and data …
The Roles Of Food And Predation In Shaping Adaptive And Maladaptive Behaviors In Postfire Bird Species, Bruce Andrew Robertson
The Roles Of Food And Predation In Shaping Adaptive And Maladaptive Behaviors In Postfire Bird Species, Bruce Andrew Robertson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Most animals live in rapidly changing environments, and within-individual phenotypic plasticity can allow populations to track sources of selection that often vary dramatically in time and space. However, if conditions change too rapidly, the cues animals use to track environmental changes may become uncoupled from the ultimately important factors with which they have been historically correlated. Animals relying upon proximal cues to guide their behaviors may, in novel environments, consistently make errors. When these errors occur within the context of choosing a habitat, the organism is said to be caught in an ‘ecological trap’. Herein, I develop a conceptual model …
Analysis Of Hutterite Breastfeeding Patterns, Christine Smith
Analysis Of Hutterite Breastfeeding Patterns, Christine Smith
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
No abstract provided.
Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Populus Angustifolia Along The Upper Yellowstone River And Clonal Recruitment: Extent And Requirements, Mary Louise Polzin
Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Populus Angustifolia Along The Upper Yellowstone River And Clonal Recruitment: Extent And Requirements, Mary Louise Polzin
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
No abstract provided.
Reproductive Success Of Chestnut-Collared Longspurs In Native And Exotic Grassland, J. D. Lloyd, Thomas E. Martin
Reproductive Success Of Chestnut-Collared Longspurs In Native And Exotic Grassland, J. D. Lloyd, Thomas E. Martin
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
Habitat loss and fragmentation have been identified as important factors in the decline of grassland bird populations. However, population declines are apparent even in prairie ecosystems that remain relatively intact suggesting that additional factors are involved. The degradation of breeding habitat may be one such factor, but few studies have examined habitat-specific demography of grassland birds, and thus little is known of how changes in breeding habitat may be related to population declines. We addressed this question by comparing reproductive success of Chestnut-collared Longspurs (Calcarius ornatus) in patches of native prairie and in monocultures of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), a …