Digital Commons Network^™

Montana Kaimin, April 16, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Montana Kaimin, April 9, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Minutes From The April 2, 2026 Meeting Of The University Of Montana Faculty, University Of Montana--Missoula. Faculty

University of Montana Faculty Senate Meeting Minutes

Meeting minutes from the April 2, 2026 meeting of the University of Montana faculty.

Montana Kaimin, April 2, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

The Role Of The Context For Pupils’ Choice Of Solution Strategies And Representations When Working With Combinatorial Problems, Frode Rønning

The Mathematics Enthusiast

This paper reports on a study based on two classroom sessions in a Norwegian school where pupils in Grade 4 (age 9) worked on two combinatorial problems. Data were collected by video-recording two pairs of pupils collaborating in each session, as well as a whole-class session at the end of the second session. The pupils’ written work during the sessions was also collected as data. The classroom sessions were designed based on principles from the Theory of Didactical Situations. Data were analysed using a dialogical approach and based on theory for multiplicative structures and semiotic representations. The study shows that …

Learning About Human Mathematical Dialogue From Dialogue With Chatbots: Babbling, Gargling And Funnelling, Ingólfur Gíslason

The Mathematics Enthusiast

In this study, I explore mathematics teaching-learning dialogues between preservice teachers and a chatbot (ChatGPT) with the aim of increasing our understanding of human mathematics teaching-learning dialogues. The dialogues contain wrong solutions (as determined by the preservice teachers), and the teachers try to get the chatbot to reconsider its answers without giving away the answer. The chatbot’s solution attempts are interpreted through and against the concepts of babbling (imperfect efforts to express thought) and gargling (imitation of surface form of expressions), and the dialogues are analyzed by considering whether and how the preservice teacher and the chatbot reach joint attention. …

The New Normal: Ai Hallucinations In Legal Practice, Cody B. James

Faculty Journal Articles & Other Writings

This Article examines the technological causes of hallucinations, distinguishing between misgrounded errors and fully fabricated content, and explains why even sophisticated legal‑specific AI tools cannot eliminate the problem. Drawing on recent sanction decisions and professional responsibility rules, the Article demonstrates that reliance on hallucinated authority routinely results in monetary sanctions, disciplinary referrals, and adverse litigation consequences, regardless of intent or awareness. The Article further argues that hallucinations are not a temporary flaw but an inherent feature of generative AI systems. It concludes by outlining concrete research and verification practices lawyers must adopt to detect hallucinations and by reaffirming that ethical …

Equals In The Wild: How Mathematical Equality Is Talked About In Lessons, Robert Ward-Penny, Jenni Ingram, Kirstin Erath, Elizabeth Kimber, Núria Planas

The Mathematics Enthusiast

Equality is a nuanced concept in mathematics, and the equals sign is used and interpreted in different ways. During professional development in language-responsive teaching, a group of teachers discussed the use of ‘equals’ in algebra lessons. This article considers how three of these teachers went on to invoke equality in their classroom interactions when teaching other topics. The cases observed suggest constructive resonances between conceptions of ‘equals’ and geometric relationships, and include examples of teachers balancing precision with fluency. We argue that attention to language in one mathematical topic may extend helpfully to other topics, but this is not automatic.

A Prospective Mathematics Teacher’S Shifts In Tone Of Language From Ineffective To Effective Written Feedback On A Pupil’S Project, Samet Okumus

The Mathematics Enthusiast

In the present study, I analyze data from a prospective mathematics teacher, Oya, and her shift in the tone of language used in self-perceived ineffective and effective written feedback on a real pupil’s mathematics project. The results indicate that, in her ineffective feedback, Oya primarily provides neutral and negative responses, often highlighting the pupil’s mistakes in a harsh and judgmental manner. In contrast, her effective feedback demonstrates a wider range of tones, including a substantial amount of neutral feedback as well as solution-oriented comments. The study underscores the importance of tone in feedback, emphasizing how different language use and word …

An Operational Framework For Integrating Content, Cognition And Language Into Planning For Aen Mathematics Learners Within A Clil Context, Máire Ní Ríordáin, Craig Neville

The Mathematics Enthusiast

The growing diversity in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classrooms, particularly the inclusion of Additional Educational Needs (AEN) learners, highlights an urgent need for research addressing their unique challenges. These students often face compounded difficulties, navigating the dual demands of mastering subject content and developing proficiency in the instructional language, with limited frameworks to support their needs. This article presents an operational framework for integrating content, cognition, and language into planning mathematics education for AEN learners. Grounded in theoretical approaches such as communicative competence, CAPA, and pluriliteracies, the framework addresses key challenges in developing mathematical literacy. The framework provides …

Genre-Based Socialization Practices In Teaching And Learning Of Geometric Proof In Language Diverse Classrooms, Rabih El Mouhayar, Richard Barwell

The Mathematics Enthusiast

The present study reports on analysis of how two teachers in Lebanon, and their students navigated the learning and teaching of geometric proof in English, in a context in which Lebanese Arabic is the language of home and wider society. One of the teachers taught in a public school, the other in a private school. The study focuses on language socialization practices in the two grade-seven classrooms, in relation to the specific genre of geometric proof. The focus is not directly on proving as a cognitive process; rather, the study explores the interactional process of interpreting and constructing geometric proofs …

Sb 21-25/26: Resolution Amending Asum Bylaws, Chase O'Brien

Senate Resolutions, 2007-Present

SB21-25/26: Resolution Amending ASUM Bylaws. This resolution passed by a roll-call vote [16-0-0] during the April 1, 2026 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM).

Decarceration & Voting Rights Advocacy, Sophie E. Trudgeon

Graduate Student Portfolios, Professional Papers, and Capstone Projects

Portfolio detailing my MSW practicum placement at Catalyst MT under the Justice Initiative and the growth that accompanied it.

April 2026 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Montana Kaimin, March 26, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Montana Kaimin, March 12, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Functional Neuroarchitecture Of Brain Activation And Network Organization In Bilinguals During Native And Second Language Processing, Onila Rasanjala Narayana Mudalige Don

UM Graduate Student Research Conference (GradCon)

Bilingual language processing requires the coordinated engagement of large-scale brain networks, yet how these networks dynamically reorganize across native (L1) and second language (L2) use—and how this reorganization depends on language proficiency—remains poorly understood. Traditional fMRI studies often characterize brain connectivity as static, overlooking moment-to-moment fluctuations in network interactions that may be critical for successful second-language processing.

In this study, we investigated dynamic brain network organization in Spanish–Basque bilinguals performing a semantic animacy judgment task in their native (Spanish) and second (Basque) language. Using Independent Component Analysis (ICA), we identified large-scale functional networks engaged during L1 and L2 processing and …

Perl V. Grant: The "Quintessential Example" Of Why Courts Must Strictly Construe The Statute Of Frauds, Lauren Heggen

Montana Law Review

No abstract provided.

Significant Montana Cases, Noah Durnell, Rachael Dean

Montana Law Review

No abstract provided.

The End Of Peremptory Strikes?: Free Exercise And Religion-Based Batson Challenges, Jeremy Ross

Montana Law Review

No abstract provided.

Schrodinger's Stop: The Unintended Consequences Of State V. Gardner, John C. Brothers

Montana Law Review

No abstract provided.

State V. Rodriguez: Blurring The Standard For Burglary In Montana, Rachel Leader

Montana Law Review

No abstract provided.

Montana Kaimin, March 5, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Montana Kaimin, February 26, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

D. The Michael Hofmann Seismic Sections -Part A, Michael H. Hofmann

1980 Flathead Lake Seismic Survey

A description of the process for constructing the full-length seismic sections from sets of scans of the paper field records made in the early 2000s by then PhD candidate Michael Hofmann.  Images of the full seismic sections follow the narrative by Robert W. Lankston.  This set of images relates to those lines labeled on the track map in Figure 4C of the Kogan (1981) thesis.

L. Dots To Data: Manufacturing Digital Seismic Traces From Scanned Images Of The Paper Sign Bit Sections From The 1970 Flathead Lake Seismic Survey, Robert W. Lankston

1970 Flathead Lake Seismic Survey

PowerPoint slides and the recorded audio of a lecture presented by Robert Lankston on October 13, 2014 in the University of Montana, Department of Geosciences Colloquium lecture series.

M. Epilogue For The 1970 Flathead Lake Seismic Project Collection, Robert W. Lankston

1970 Flathead Lake Seismic Survey

Re-introduction of the 1980 Qamar-Kogan seismic survey at Flathead Lake with recommendations for building an archive for that project. Article includes a proof-of-concept for converting scanned images of seismic sections recorded in variable density to digital seismic traces.

Montana Kaimin, February 19, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

A. Introduction To The Archive Of The 1980 Flathead Lake Seismic Survey, Robert W. Lankston

1980 Flathead Lake Seismic Survey

This attempts to provide details of the hardware used during the 1980 seismic survey on Flathead Lake beyond the references in the master's thesis that described the survey and the initial use of the data.

Montana Kaimin, February 12, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.