Digital Commons Network^™

Strategic Integration Of Grasslands Within The Agricultural Landscape: Optimizing Benefits For The Producer And Society, A. J. Duff, J. G. Franco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

We provide a case study assessment, centered in the Upper Midwest region of the United States, of the economic and environmental outcomes associated with the inclusion of grasslands within dairy production systems. This farmscape design approach can be applied at farm, watershed, and regional scales, and has the potential to significantly improve the resilience of our agricultural lands. Ruminant livestock are uniquely adapted to utilize perennial forages, and the strategic integration of grasslands within the agricultural landscape can improve producer return on investment while generating ecosystem services that benefit the production system and society.

Forage Brassica Use In New Zealand And Australia Farming Systems, A. Dumbleton, H. G. Judson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage brassica, genus Brassica, are annual feed crops grown on farming enterprises throughout New Zealand and Australia. These crops provide a source of high-yielding, high-quality feed, which is particularly useful to complement pasture production during periods when pasture growth is reduced. There are six forage brassica species and subspecies of agricultural importance including bulb turnip, swede, kale, forage rape, leafy turnip, and raphanobrassica. All of these, as well as interspecific crosses and individual cultivars, offer a range of characteristics to fit various environmental and livestock production challenges. Consumption of forage brassica crops in ruminant animals may reduce methane emissions …

Evaluation Of Mulberry Leaf Meal Feeding On The Growth And Hematological Profile Of Cross Bred Heifers, Rohit Bishist, Irfana Quadiri, Krishan Lal Gautam, Kamal Kishore

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mulberry (Morus alba) is a multipurpose fodder tree with a high voluntary intake. Mulberry foliage is characterized by high digestibility and excellent level of protein which makes it comparable to commercial concentrates for dairy cattle. o evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of mulberry leaf meal as a concentrate replacement (20%) in the crossbred heifers ration the present investigation was carried out at dairy farm Dr YSPUHF Nauni Solan. In the study, a total of 12 cross bred heifers (1-2 yr) were divided into two equal groups of 6 animals each, on the basis of body weight. The …

Fruit Forage Integrated Systems For Diversification And Other Ecosystem Services, S. Ahmad, N. H. Mir, S. S. Bhat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The interspaces (alleyways) in fruit orchards are generally not utilized for cultivation of perennial forage crops by a majority of farmers. These alleyways are often occupied by weeds or kept bare or clean with repeated tillage. The weeds may act as alternate/collateral hosts, thereby harboring pests and pathogens that may harm the fruit trees. In addition to this, the frequent tillage may subject the soil to erosion losses. Intercropping of perennial forage grasses and/or legumes with fruit crops is thus beneficial for not only providing high quality forage but also for providing various ecosystem services.Owing to an ever burgeoning population, …

History Of Endophytic Toxicosis And Novel Variety Solutions, J. H. Bouton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Associations of Epichloe endophytes with tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb). Darbush.] and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) form the basis for the known science and ecology of mutualistic, fungal endophytes, and especially their impact on livestock. In the USA, millions of acres are endophyte infected today due mainly to planting ‘Kentucky 31’ to reduce soil erosion. Health problems emerged later among animals grazing the grass. These toxicity symptoms were listed under the general term ‘Fescue Toxicosis’. Research demonstrated that ergot alkaloids produced by the mutualism were mainly responsible. Developing endophyte-free versions of major varieties reduced host grass persistence …

Comparison Of Two Low-Input Cow/Calf Production Systems On Temperate Grassland, W. B. Bryan, Mata Padrino, E. Felton, E. C. Prigge, V. W. Temu, O. J. Gekara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two systems of grass farming were compared in an eight-year experiment in West Virginia, USA. The grassland consisted primarily of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerara L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and red (Trifolium pretense L.) and white clover (T. repens L.). The objective was to compare two systems of beef cow calf production. The experiment was a randomized complete block with two replicated treatments. The grassland of treatment 1 (system 1) was overseeded with legumes, grazing started 1 wk earlier and continued 1 wk later than treatment 2 (system 2) and …

Grazing Cover Crops In The Eastern Us: Performance Of Sheep, Goats, And Cattle Grazing Brassica Cover Crops, K. Cassida

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing annual forage crops has attained new interest with the increase in use of cover crops. Grazing annual forages grown as cover crops not only allows livestock producers to extend the grazing season but also gives row crop growers a way to recoup the cost of planting cover crops through grazing leases. Species in the Brassicaceae family (turnip, rape, kale, radish, and hybrids) have wide adaptability across the eastern US, excellent forage yield potential, and extremely high nutritional value. Brassicas are sometimes described as “high-moisture concentrates.” Their low effective fiber content drives the common recommendation to grow them with annual …

Extended Season Grazing On Two Ranches At Opposite Ends Of The Americas, Brett Chedzoy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dormant season feeding of stored forages accounts for the majority of beef cattle production expenses across the world (Geiser and Boetel 2017). Additionally, most beef cattle production and particularly cow-calf operations are relegated to less accessible and productive landscapes, which reduces access to and increases costs for stored feeds. A comparison of two cow-calf operations owned and operated by the same family in the Province of Cordoba, Argentina and State of New York, USA are offered as case studies of creative solutions to these challenges. In Argentina, appropriate stocking for year-long grazing is the key to surviving the winter dormant …

The Partial Replacement Of Perennial Ryegrass Silage With Ensiled Biorefined Perennial Ryegrass Press Cake, And Its Impact On Productivity Of Late Lactation Dairy Cows, H. Costigan, B. Lahart, M. Kennedy, T. Rumley, L. Shalloo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although necessary to maintain milk production in late lactation when grass is scarce, dependency on imported concentrate has negative environmental credentials; diversifying native feeds i.e., perennial ryegrass, using biorefinery, to produce high quality by-products may be a solution (Sanders et al., 2020). To validate these suggestions, a study was undertaken on dairy cows during the winter period; 60% of a perennial ryegrass silage diet was replaced with perennial ryegrass (PRG) press cake in treatment cows (GSPC; n=20), while a perennial ryegrass silage diet was offered to control cows (GS; n=20). Cows substituted with press cake produced 9.1 and 10.5 % …

A Novel Technique To Label Cover Crop Biomass Using Stable Isotopes, L. M. D. Queiroz, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Lynn E. Sollenberger, M. Wallau, D. R. S. Loures, M. A. Bernardini, I. L. Bretas, S. F. Novo, K. R. Trumpp, K. T. Oduor, J. D. Pereira Neto, M. Ruiz-Moreno

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stable isotopes can be used as tracers for carbon and nitrogen pathways being a great tool to track nutrients in integrated systems. The objective of this experiment was to understand the partitioning of 15N and 13C within cover crop plants when they were labeled with stable isotopes, using chambers under field conditions. Cover crops were planted at the University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center-Marianna, located in Marianna, FL. Treatments were four cover crops, in which one was considered a typical cover crop system and the other three consisted of an integrated crop-livestock system with or without the …

Grazing And Animal Welfare Of Dairy Cows In Europe, What Do We Know?, A. Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar, D. Hennessy, J. Isselstein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing systems are important components of the landscape in almost all European countries. Grazing is inherently close to the nature of herbivores, but no longer applied everywhere in Europe. This paper discusses the extent of dairy cow grazing in Europe and the effect of grazing on animal welfare. The study builds on results of surveys from the European Grassland Federation (EGF) Working Group “Grazing” (WGG) in the period 2010–2022 and a focus group meeting in 2022. Data on the extent of grazing of dairy cows in Europe are provided. Europe can be divided into six distinctive regions with respect to …

Isoflavones In Legumes As Functional Forages And Feeds In Ruminant Grazing Systems, B. E. Davis, Michael D. Flythe, T. A. Hamilton, D. G. Ely, L. H. Anderson, J. R. Weinert-Nelson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Legumes are often utilized in livestock grazing systems to improve diet quality, diversity, and consequently animal performance. In addition to their nutritional utility, legumes contain phytoestrogenic isoflavones that have selective antimicrobial activity in the rumen and once absorbed can cause arterial vasodilation. These added bioactive functions of isoflavones suggest that legumes could be strategically utilized in grazing systems as functional forages to improve ruminant performance and health. The objective of this presentation will be to discuss past and current research on the application of isoflavones via legumes as an antimicrobial for growth promotion and as a mitigation strategy for fescue …

Cool-Season Annual Legumes And Forbs For Grazing And Cover Crop Systems, S. L. Dillard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Annual forage legumes and non-leguminous forbs can be used to interseed into perennial forage grasses or as a short-term grazing option between row crop rotations. Diversification of cropping systems by increasing number or type of cover crops in crop rotation plays an important role in improving land-use efficiency and in promoting sustainable agriculture. Legumes and other broadleaf forages provide increased forage digestibility and crude protein as a result of their greater leaf-to-stem ratio. In the Southeast U.S, few novel cultivars have been released in the last 20 years, resulting in the reliance on only a few forage cultivars and species. …

Animal And Forage Performance Of Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems, S. L. Dillard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing of cool-season cover crops has been shown to be a viable tool for extending the grazing season while mitigating environmental risks associated with row-crop farming systems. Grazing cover crops is not novel, but most recent information available on this practice focuses on soil health as opposed to forage production and animal performance. Research has shown that forage quality of cool-season annual cover crops is sufficient to maintain an average daily gain of at least 1 kg/d and as high as 1.5 kg/d. Forage species selection plays an important role in the success of an integrated crop-livestock system. Grasses typically …

Use Of Agroforestry Tree Leaf Meal Mixtures As Alternative Feed Additives For Improving Production Potential Of Kadaknath Poultry Birds In Himalayan Region Of Jammu And Kashmir, India, Mandeep Singh Azad, Ishtiyak Ahmad Mir, Helen I. Ajayi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of locally available agroforestry tree leaves in hilly areas of Jammu and Kashmir, India on the production potential of Kadaknath poultry birds. Kadaknath birds are the only black-colored meat breed in India. Data was collected on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, weight gain, fecal egg counts, and overall body score in 240 Kadaknath birds during an experimental period of 105 days (15 weeks).Results from this experiment showed the use of agroforestry tree leaves as a leaf meal mixture with guava (Psidium guajava L.), neem (Azadirachta indica L.),jamun ( …

Swath Grazing: Feeding “Hay” Without The Production Expenses, V. Baron, A. C. Dick, A. Omaha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Swath grazing is a practice for overwintering beef cows on small grain forage left in the field to graze through snow, but annual variation occurs. The objective is to review 18 years of research at Lacombe, Alberta (AB) to describe how production attributes are related to cost mitigation and cow performance. Five trials compared swath grazing management options to pen-fed controls to determine feasibility. Associated studies monitored forage quality, soil fertility requirements and planting date impacts on yield. Mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, maximum and minimum values (n=18) for forage yield, pasture days, carrying capacity and percent utilization were …

Preliminary Results: Complementary C4:C3 Grazing Systems, M. Berry, P. Keyser, S. Jagadamma, H. Nauman, K. Coffey, C. Nieman, P. Owens, A. Ashworth, E. Bisangwa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Native warm-season grasses (NWSG) can produce high quality forage and high rates of gain for beef cattle. However, little data is available on how NWSG affect the productivity of cow-calf operations on a farm scale. Therefore, we implemented an experiment at three sites, Booneville, AR, Linneus, MO and Louisville, TN, with cow-calf pairs (mature cows over ≥ 3 years old, spring calving). We evaluated two forage systems that mix either a drought or drought/flood tolerant native C₄ species [big bluestem (BB) blend or eastern gamagrass (EG)] with a cool-season perennial, tall fescue (TF), and compared them to the most …

Fodder Scenario And Hortipastoral Opportunities To Enhance Fodder Production In India, Nagaratna Biradar, C. Lakshmi Devi, Vinod Kumar, Narendra S. Kulkarni, G. K. Kumar Anil, S. S. Guledagudda, A. Bheemappa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Food grain production and livestock production are closely related in India as crop-residue forms the major source of fodder for livestock. It’s thus assumed that increase in food grain production has positive effect on availability of dry matter to the livestock. Using land use classification, crop production (2015 to 2020) and livestock census (2019) data, dry matter (DM) availability for livestock for 28 states of India was estimated. Hortipastoral opportunities by estimating area available under orchards in southern India were done to assess the possibility of introducing fodder crops in orchards. Some of the fodder crops were introduced in orchards …

Productivity And Variability Of Pastures And Cover Crops In Lowland Rice-Pasture Rotations In Uruguay, Walter Ayala, J. Terra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Processes For Identifying Caregivers And Screening For Caregiver And Patient Distress In Community Oncology: Results From Wf-1803cd., Chandylen L. Nightingale, Anna C. Snavely, Laurie E. Mclouth, Emily V. Dressler, Erin E. Kent, Christian S. Adonizio, Suzanne C. Danhauer, Rachel Cannady, Judith O. Hopkins, Heather Kehn, Kathryn E. Weaver, Katherine R. Sterba

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite their vital roles, informal caregivers of adult cancer patients are commonly overlooked in cancer care. This study describes processes for identifying cancer caregivers and processes for distress screening and management among caregivers and patients in the understudied community oncology setting.

METHODS: Supportive care leaders from the National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program practices completed online survey questions regarding caregiver identification, caregiver and patient distress screening, and distress management strategies. We described practice group characteristics and prevalence of study outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression explored associations between practice group characteristics and caregiver identification in the electronic health record (EHR). …

Harmonious Healing: A Review Of Music Therapy, A Humanities-Based Approach To Alzheimer’S Disease Treatment, Rohan K. Desai

Kentucky Undergraduate Journal for the Health Humanities

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease often characterized by memory loss, confusion, and overall cognitive decline. The aging global population has, in recent years, highlighted the fundamental lack of pharmacological treatments for individuals facing an AD diagnosis. In response, a growing body of research has shifted focus to non-pharmacological humanities-based interventions. One such intervention has been music therapy (MT). Music-focused measures have shown great promise as a method of slowing cognitive decline, but mixed results in the literature warrant the need for further investigation. Often, socioeconomic barriers can limit an individual’s access to drug-related treatments, but the affordable …

Impact Of The Communities That Heal Intervention On Buprenorphine-Waivered Practitioners And Buprenorphine Prescribing, Thomas J Stopka, Denise C Babineau, Erin B Gibson, Charles E Knott, Debbie M Cheng, Jennifer Villani, Jonathan M Wai, Derek Blevins, James L David, Dawn A Goddard-Eckrich, Michelle R Lofwall, Richard Massatti, Jolene Defiore-Hyrmer, Michael S Lyons, Laura C Fanucchi, Daniel R Harris, Jeffery Talbert, Lindsey Hammerslag, Devin Oller, Raymond R Balise, Daniel J Feaster, William Soares, Gary A Zarkin, Lashawn Glasgow, Emmanuel Oga, John Mccarthy, Lauren D'Costa, Rouba Chahine

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE: Buprenorphine significantly reduces opioid-related overdose mortality. From 2002 to 2022, the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA 2000) required qualified practitioners to receive a waiver from the Drug Enforcement Agency to prescribe buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder. During this period, waiver uptake among practitioners was modest; subsequent changes need to be examined.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention increased the rate of practitioners with DATA 2000 waivers and buprenorphine prescribing.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prespecified secondary analysis of the HEALing Communities Study, a multisite, 2-arm, parallel, community-level, cluster randomized, open, wait-list-controlled …

Cripping Girlhood On Service Dog Tok, Anastasia Todd

Gender and Women's Studies Faculty Publications

This article explores how disabled girl handlers crip girlhood on service dog tok, the emergent subculture on TikTok comprised of disabled handlers who upload and post videos about their everyday life in partnership with a service dog. Looking at the TikTok accounts and self-representational practices of three disabled girl handlers—Ava of @avaandcheddar, Claire of @rosie.the.sd, and Lexy of @muslimservicedogmom28—this article traces how their videos evince an audio–visual representation of interspecies intimacy, a becoming with, that complicates the familiar story of the disabled girl handler/service dog dyad that one might see or scroll past online—one of rehabilitative exceptionalism, disability disavowal, and …

Simple Sars-Cov-2 Concentration Methods For Wastewater Surveillance In Low Resource Settings, Mohammad Dehghan Banadaki, Soroosh Torabi, Alexus Lori Rockward, William Strike, Ann Noble, James W. Keck, Scott M. Berry

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) measures pathogens in wastewater to monitor infectious disease prevalence in communities. Due to the high dilution of pathogens in sewage, a concentration method is often required to achieve reliable biomarker signals. However, most of the current concentration methods rely on expensive equipment and labor-intensive processes, which limits the application of WBE in low-resource settings. Here, we compared the performance of four inexpensive and simple concentration methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples: Solid Fraction, Porcine Gastric Mucin-conjugated Magnetic Beads, Calcium Flocculation- Citrate Dissolution (CFCD), and Nanotrap® Magnetic Beads (NMBs). The NMBs and CFCD methods yielded the highest …

Forage News [2024-02], University Of Kentucky

Forage News

No abstract provided.

Screen-Printed Sensors Modified With Nafion And Mesoporous Carbon For Electrochemical Detection Of Lead In Blood, Elena Boselli, Zhizhen Wu, Erin N. Haynes, Ian Papautsky

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Lead (Pb) has long been acknowledged as a systemic toxicant, with pronounced health impacts observed even at low exposure levels, particularly in children. Adverse effects include diminished cognitive function, altered behavior, and developmental delays. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct regular monitoring of Blood Lead Levels (BLLs). In this work, we report on an electrochemical sensor based on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) coated with Nafion and mesoporous carbon (MC). The sensor system uses simple sample preparation (acidification and dilution of whole blood), minimal sample volume (a few blood drops, 200 μl), and swift time-to-results (1 h). A limit of quantitation …

A Social Media–Delivered Melanoma Prevention Program For Young Women Engaged In Frequent Uv Tanning: Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jerod L. Stapleton, Sharon L. Manne, Sherry L. Pagoto, Allison Leip, Kathryn Greene, Joel Hillhouse, Allison S. Merritt, Brent J. Shelton

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Background: Rates of melanoma have increased dramatically in the United States over the past 25 years, and it has become among the most prevalent cancers for young adult women. Intentional skin tanning leads to a pattern of intense and intermittent UV radiation exposure that is associated with increased risk of melanoma. Frequent tanning is most common among young women and is linked to a variety of sociocultural pressures that negatively impact body image and drive appearance control behaviors. Unfortunately, there are no established interventions designed for frequent tanners. This intervention addresses this gap with unique content informed by body image …

Firefighter Health: A Narrative Review Of Occupational Threats And Countermeasures, Drew E. Gonzalez, Sarah N. Lanham, Steven E. Martin, Richard E. Cleveland, Thad E. Wilson, Emily L. Langford, Mark G. Abel

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Structural firefighters are responsible for protecting properties and saving lives during emergency operations. Despite efforts to prepare firefighters for these hazardous occupational demands, the unfortunate reality is that the incidence of health morbidities is increasing within the fire service. Specifically, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mental health disorders are among the most documented morbidities in firefighters. Pubmed and Google Scholar search engines were used to identify peer-reviewed English language manuscripts that evaluated firefighters’ occupational health threats, allostatic factors associated with their occurrence, and evidence-based strategies to mitigate their impact. This narrative review provides fire departments, practitioners, and researchers with evidence-based practices …

Undiagnosed Cancer Cases In The Us During The First 10 Months Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Todd Burus, Feitong Lei, Bin Huang, W. Jay Christian, Pamela C. Hull, Amanda R. Ellis, Svetla Slavova, Thomas Tucker, Krystle A. Lang Kuhs

UK CARES Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the normal course of cancer screening and detection in the US. A nationwide analysis of the extent of this disruption using cancer registry data has not been conducted.

OBJECTIVE To assess the observed and expected cancer rate trends for March through December 2020 using data from all 50 US states and the District of Columbia.

DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a population-based cross-sectional analysis of cancer incidence trends using data on cases of invasive cancer diagnosis reported to the US Cancer Statistics from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2020. Data analyses were performed …

Higher Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load Diet Is Associated With Slower Disease Progression In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Ikjae Lee, Hiroshi Mitsumoto, Seonjoo Lee, Edward J. Kasarskis, Michael Rosenbaum, Pam Factor-Litvak, Jeri W. Nieves

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objective: High-caloric diets may slow the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; however, key macronutrients have not been identified. We examined whether dietary macronutrients are associated with the rate of progression and length of survival among the prospective cohort study participants.

Methods: Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis enrolled in the Multicenter Cohort Study of Oxidative Stress were included (n = 304). We evaluated baseline macronutrient intake assessed by food frequency questionnaire in relation to change in revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale total- score, and tracheostomy-free survival using linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models. …