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Neutral Detergent Fiber And Protein Levels In Diploid And Tetraploid Ryegrass Forage, L R. Nelson, F M. Rouquette Jr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nutritive value of 18 ryegrass (Lolium multifloriumLam.) cultivars was studied at Overton, Te1

0.42-mm screen. Plots were harvested four times during each of the first 2 years and five times in the third year. In 1977-1978 and 1978-1979, NDF and protein analyses were run on samples from 2 replications. All forage samples were analyzed for pro­tein via the micro-Kjeldahl technique. Percentages of NDF were obtained via Van Soest extraction procedures. A seasonal increase in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and a decrease in protein percentage was observed. Differences in NDF were observed among cultivars and were most apparent during …

Forage Quality Of Barley Straw As Influenced By Genotype, D W. Meyer, D O. Erickson, A E. Foster

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cereal straw is an untapped carbohydrate source for ruminant animal feeds, but little information is available on genotypic differences in the feeding value of barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.) commonly grown in the northern Great Plains of the U.S.A. Our objective was to determine if barley genotypes differ in straw forage quality and if straw-quality parameters are associated with agronomic characters. Straw from 37 and 31 barley genotypes was sampled in 1977 and 1978, respectively. Straw from 10 barley genotypes grown at four locations was sampled in 1979. Standard laboratory procedures were used to determine the quality parameters measured. Correlations …

Alfalfa Breeding For Forage Yield And Low Saponin Content, P Rotili

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of our breeding program is to build alfalfa (Medicago satia L.) varieties, having good vigor and persistence, high protein level, and low ,aponin content. The: breeding method utilizes a selfing phase combined with selection in competitive conditions. Leaf-saponin content was analyzed by the Tn'choderma viridc bioassay. Parent populations (cv. Leonicena and Cantoni), S0, S1., and S2, families :1 were evaluated 11ndcr competitive and &equcnt culling conditions. In both populations, some S1, families yield more than their respective S1 family. Vuiatioo in yield and mortality increased with the level of selfing, and 1ome S2 families showed lower minimum values …

Productivity Of Forage Legumes On Rice-Paddy Walls In Northeast Thailand, R G. Gutteridge

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rice stubble left standing in paddy fields after rice harvest is the major source of forage for livestock in the dry season in northeast Thailand. Although the quantity of thi5 1tubble is generally not limiting, its quality as a forage is very low, and substantial live-weight losses in livestock usually occur by the end of the dry season. A trial was conducted to evaluate a range of forage legumes that could be grown on rice-paddy walls to supplement rice stubble as a dry-season feed. Seven legumes were planted at two sites in villages close to Khon Kaen in northeast Thailand. …

Development Of Gama Medic {Medicago Rugosa Desr.) As An Annual Leguminous Species For Dryland Farming Systems In Southern Australia, E J. Crawford

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Annual medics (Medicago spp.) are the basic legume for nitrogen fixation in the alkaline soils of southern Australia. Not all in­dividual species are well adapted to all soil types, one difficult soil being the highly alkaline clay loam where annual rainfall is less than 500 mm. The first gama medic (M. rugosa) cultivar, Paragosa, was well adapted to the clay-loam soil type but proved to be susceptible to germination after summer thunderstorms, and seedlings died in the following drought. Many gama medic accessions were then grown in an attempt to select a genotype capable of maintaining seedcoat impermeability during …

Evolution Of Selection Techniques In Breeding For Bloat-Safe Alfalfa, B P. Goplen, R E. Howarth, G L. Lees, W Majak, J P. Fay, K J. Cheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This report summarizes the Canadian breeding program to develop a bloat-safe alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This program has experienced an evolution of selection methods in attempting to identify bloat-safe alfalfa genotypes. In chronological order, the methods involved selection for fraction I (18S) protein, soluble proteins, foam volume, tannins (flavolans), saponins, initial rate of digestion (IRD), sonication, purified enzymes, gas production, and leaching. Although soluble herbage protein is correlated with the occurrence of pasture bloat, we have experienced slow progress in a selection program to reduce soluble-protein concentration in alfalfa. We have found that foam volume is not correlated with …

Evaluation Of Within-Half-Sub Family Selection From Leo Birdsfoot Trefoil, D T. Tomes, O U. Onokpise, B E. Twamley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This research was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of within-half-sib family recurrent selection for seedling vigor, seed yield, and forage yield in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus comiculatusL. cv. Leo). The effectiveness of selection was measured by comparing progeny performance, genetic variance, and heritability in selected and unselected populations. In addition, cx­perimc.ntal synthetic• (Syn-2 generation) from the selected population were compared to Leo for forage yield and seed yield in several trials. Seedling vigor and yield in 1979, and forage yield in 1980, of polycross progeny in the selected population were significantly higher than those of similar progeny in the unselected …

Breeding Centrosema Pubescens Better Adapted To Acid Infertile Soils Of South America, E M. Hutton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Centrosema pubescen, Benth. {centro) in tropical South America depends upon the development of lines with increased tolerance to high acidity and aluminum (Al). This study classified levels of acid tolerance among Centrosema introduc­tions and crosses of promising introductions. Initially, greenhouse and field evaluations in Carimagua oxisol (pH 4.5, 90% Al saturation) were used. Introductions of C. schottii and C. pascuorom died, while most C. virginianum and C. Uutifolium and a few C. pubescens had low acid tolerance. Most C. pubescens introductions had medium acid tolerance, whereas C. macrocarpum and C. schiedanum were highly acid tolerant. The degree of acid …

Comparison Of Italian Ryegrass And Meadow Fescue With F2, F3, F4 Hybrids Of Both Grass Species, H Kaltofen, E Wojahn

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In forage-grass breeding there is an increasing interest in hybrids of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). The objective of this study was to investigate some agronomic properties of such Festulolium hybrids with special reference to the question of whether these hybrids change from one generation to the next. In a pot experiment with four levels of nitrogen fertilization, Italian ryegrass and meadow fescue as well as F2, F3, and F4 hybrids of the two grass species were examined for 2 years. In each year four cuts were taken. All the F2, F3, …

Effective Selection For Tolerance To Grass-Killing Herbicides In Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), C E. Wright, J S. Faulkner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of grassland reseeding is to establish a high-quality sward of improved herbage cultivars. To obtain the maximum value from the improved sward, weed invasion should be prevented. Herbicides are the main tool available. There are many herbicides for selectively controlling dicotyledonous, but not graminaceous, weeds. The control of graminaceous weeds would be possible in swards of grass cultivars selected for tolerance to grass-killing herbicides. Two cycles of recurrent selection for glyphosate tolerance in Lolium perenne L. were carried out by spraying large seedling populations with critical dosages in the greenhouse and intercrossing the survivors. It was found that …

Selection For Specific Leaf Weight In Reed Canarygrass And Its Effects On The Plant, I T. Carlson, D K. Christensen, R B. Pearce

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Specific leaf weight (SL W, dry weight/unit leaf area) may serve as a selection criterion for forage yield through a positive rela• tionship with photosynthesis. Two cycles of phenotypic selection for high and low SLW were conducted in reed canarygrass (Phalaris anmdinacea L.) to investigate direct and correlated responses, particularly those related to yield and quality of forage. In a space-planted test, average direct responses from two cycles of selection for high and low SLW were 23% and 19%, respectively. Significant correlated responses were obtained for ten traits. Compared with the low-SLW cycle-2 population, the high SLW cycle-2 population averaged …

Value Of White Sweet Lupin In Production Of Protein Fodder And Feeding Of Animals, O Saric, I Ramosevac

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The potential of white sweet lupin (Lupinus albus L.) as a grain or forage feed for livestock was investigated in a series of ex­periments. Grain yield of lupin was greater than or equal to that of soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) in most evaluations. The quality of lupin seed compared favorably with that of soybean meal and fishmeal. Lupin is capable of producing large amounts of forage in a short period, making it a good prospect for forage production in regions that have a short growing season.

Genetic Variability For Morphological And Agronomic Characters In Desmodium Uncinatum (Jacq.) D.C. And D. Intortum (Mill.) Urb., E.M P. Oliveira, P S. Martins, A B. Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Objectives of this research were to study the performance of eight populations of D. unicinatum and ten populations of D. intortum, with relation to morphological and agronomic characters to estimate the genetic variation between populations and between plants within populations, and to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for these characters.

White Clover: An Olde Crop With A Promising Future, P B. Gibson, W E. Knight, G W. Barnett, W A. Cope, J D. Miller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a widely adapted, important forage legume for grazing in the U.S. The palatability and quality of the forage, the wide adaptation of the plants to growth in different climates and under various grazing conditions and the role it plays in supplying nitrogen to pastures make white clover our finest pasture legume. The use of adapted white clover cultivars should result in large economic gains to the livestock industry in the U.S .A. Beef and dairy farmers would profit from reduced need for nitrogen fertilizer, an extended grazing season, increased forage pro­duction and quality, better …

Performance And Variability Of Agronomic Characters In Populations Of Stylosanthes Guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., P S. Martins, N A. Vello

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stylosanthes guianens-is (Aubl.) Sw. shows wide variations in morphological and physiological characteristics, and basic infor­mation on genetic variability is needed for future breeding programs. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate 25 native Brazilian populations of S. guianensis for forage characteristics · • ;10,d • to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for these characters. The experiment was conducted in a duplicated 5 x 5 balanced lattice design with plots that contained 4 individuals spaced on 2-m centers. The following characters were evaluated after the beginning of flowering period: days to flowering (DF), mean diameter (MD), basal area (BA), growth …

Rhizoma Peanut: Perennial Warm-Season Forage Legume, G M. Prine

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rhizoma peanut is the common name given species in section Rhizomatosae of the genus Arachis. Florigraze rhizoma peanut (A. glabrata Benth.) has been released as a cultivar by the Florida agricultural experiment stations and the USDA Soil Conserva­tion Service. Florigraze is adapted to the well-drained soils of Florida and the warm humid tropics and subtropics around the world. Rhizoma peanuts are propagated by rhizomes, which in Florida are best planted during winter. The slowness of coverage during early establishment is the biggest shortcoming of rhizoma peanuts. If they are established first, rhizoma peanuts will grow well in mixture with bermudagrass …

Hedysarum Mongolicum Turcz.: An Important Protein Resource Legume On Dry Sandy Land, Li Min, A W. Hovin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In searching for plants that can both increase the protein production and improve the sandy-soil conservation of the grassland in the arid, windy regions of North China, so far, from among many native plants, we have identified Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz. as the best species to fulfill our dual purposes. We investigated its distribution, planted its native seeds in the Maowusu desert, and studied it under its native and cultivated growing conditions from 1957 to 1964. Chinese farmers call this perennial subbrush legume of the sweetvetcb genus "Yang Cai," meaning "sheep like to eat." It can thrive in the stable or …

Adaptation And Utilization Of Three Legume In China, Huang Wenhui

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

China is a vast territory with extremely varied climates, soil, and topography, and it is very rich in pasture grass resources. The main legumes for forage are Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), yellow alfalfa (Medicago folcata L.) and shadawang (Astragalis adsurgent Pall.)

Preliminary Evaluation Of Legume Germ Plasm In The Cerrados Of Brazil, D Thomas, R P. De Andrade

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In 1978 an evaluation program was initiated to select legumes that (1) grow and produce seed on acid soils under aluminum and water stress, (2) persist under grazing, and (3) tolerate pests and diseases. The work is being conducted at the Cerrados Agricultural Research Center, near Brasilia, at lat 15°S and altitude 1,000 to 1, 100 m . Annual rainfall is 1,500 mm, mostly distributed in a 6-month wet season, and mean annual temperature is 21°C. Nine hundred legume accessions from thirteen genera have now been established as spaced plants on the 2 major soil types of the region. The …

Genetics And Utilization Of Apomixis For The Improvement Of Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.), Y H. Savidan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural polymorphism in guineagrass (Panicum maximumjacq.) has been stabilized in tetraploid biotypes by apomixis. Sex­ual diploids were found in East African populations. Our objective was to determine whether apomixis could be related with a simple genetic background and manipulated in an improvement program. Apomicts of guineagrass are characterized by a 4-nucleate embryo sac structure, and this trait was used in genetical analyses to differentiate apomictic from sexual hybrids. Progeny tests were also conducted as controls. Ten different types of progenies were analyzed: tetraploid sexual (from colchicine treatment of diploids) x apomictic F1 hybrids; selfed and backcrossed progenies of sexual F1 …

Breeding Challenges In Apomictic Warm-Season Grasses, E C. Bashaw, P W. Voigt, B L. Burson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Efforts to breed apomictic grasses met with little success in the past, but results of more recent research show significant progress with some species and new prospects for improving apomicts. Early research uncovered the cytological basis for apospory and diplospory, found the common apomictic mechanisms in grasses, and showed that apomixis is transmitted from pannt to offspring. Discovery of sexual or partially sexual (facultative apomicts) plants in several species formerly considered obligate apomicts allowed for hybridization and genetic studies. Results of subsequent research confirmed inheritance of apomixis, and data from the more conclusive studies indicate that method of reproduction …

A Testis-Specific Aralkylamine N-Acetyltransferase Regulates Dimorphic Sperm Function And Male Fertility In Moths, Hao Sun, Peng Yi Huang, Zhi Ruo Zhang, Cong Fen Gao, Subba Reddy Palli, Shun Fan Wu

Entomology Faculty Publications

Most Lepidopterans produce two distinct sperm types—nucleated eupyrene (fertile) and anucleate apyrene (non-fertile), yet the genetic mechanisms governing this dimorphism remain poorly understood. Using the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) as a model, we identified a Lepidoptera-conserved, testis-specific arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (LTNAT) indispensable for male fertility. Functional analyses showed that LTNAT is expressed in both sperm types, and its depletion disrupts mitochondrial derivatives (MDs) in eupyrene sperm and drastically impairs apyrene sperm motility. Multi-omics analyses revealed LTNAT mutation perturbs energy metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and transmembrane transport—alterations correlating with abnormal MD structure. Furthermore, LTNAT deficiency likely compromises apyrene sperm motility by downregulating Sex-lethal …

Valorisation Of Bourbon Distillery Waste Into Single-Source Hybrid Lithium-Ion Capacitors, Josiel Barrios Cossio, Juan Luis Gómez-Urbano, Sandesh Darlami-Magar, Rodney Andrews, Ignacio Martin-Gullon, Andrea Balducci, Marcelo I. Guzman

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Bourbon, an iconic American whiskey, is primarily produced in Kentucky, which accounts for 95% of the world's supply. Between 2000 and 2024, bourbon output in Kentucky increased sixfold, creating significant sustainability challenges, particularly the disposal of spent grains (stillage), a high-volume byproduct generated at 6–10 times the volume of bourbon produced. This study presents a scalable strategy to upcycle bourbon stillage into high-performance carbon materials for energy storage applications. The process involves different thermal and chemical treatments to obtain both activated and hard carbons. The resulting activated carbons assembled into symmetric electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) deliver outstanding electrochemical performance: 96 …

An Ice-Sheet Modelling Framework To Determine Vulnerable Regions Of The Greenland Ice Sheet In The Past, Benjamin A. Keisling, Joerg M. Schaefer, Robert M. Deconto, Jason P. Briner, Nicolás E. Young, Caleb K. Walcott-George, Gisela Winckler, Allie Balter-Kennedy, Sridhar Anandakrishnan

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

The contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) to sea-level rise is accelerating and there is an urgent need to characterize which sectors of the ice sheet are the most vulnerable. Estimating the volume of Greenland ice that was lost during past warm periods can support efforts to constrain the ice sheet's response to future warming. Sub-ice sediment and bedrock, retrieved from deep ice core campaigns or targeted drilling efforts, yield critical and direct information about past ice-free conditions. However, it is challenging to scale the few available sub-ice point measurements to the geometry of the entire ice sheet. Here, …

A Mixed Methods Examination Of Organizational Approaches To Fentanyl Test Strip Distribution And Training Across Multiple States, Kitty H. Gelberg, Megan E. Hall, Janet E. Childerhose, Mary R. Russo, Fernando Montero, Kaleigh Niles, Jill Oliveri, Haley Ramsey Harden, Rachel A. Vickers-Smith, Arnie Aldridge, Sarah G. Stenger, Katherine R. Marks, Louisa Gilbert, Sharon L. Walsh, Nabila El-Bassel, Carter Roeber, Redonna Chandler

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Fentanyl test strips (FTS) have become a critical harm reduction tool, allowing people who use drugs (PWUD) to detect fentanyl in their drug supply and make informed decisions about their drug use. While FTS distribution is increasingly common, there is limited understanding of distribution strategies used by community organizations, and the education and training provided around FTS use. Given the proliferation of fentanyl in the drug supply, and the diverse motivations of PWUD, research is needed to better understand FTS distribution and training practices. This study examines FTS distribution strategies, training approaches, and the facilitators and barriers faced by …

Assessing Legacy Collections: Analyzing The Preservation, Recovery, And Interpretive Value Of Archaeobotanical Remains From Site 15le70 (Pine Crest Rockshelter), Lee County, Kentucky, Jennifer Carroll

Graduate Final Projects

This paper uses the archaeobotanical assemblage from Site 15Le70, a multi-excavated and extensively looted rockshelter in eastern Kentucky, while opening new lines of inquiry into gendered labor and practice during the Archaic-Woodland transition. Because legacy collections are often dispersed across institutions and/or research projects, the materials from any single site may be fragmented, as was the case for 15Le70. Such collections can be overlooked, yet this investigation into 15Le70’s archaeobotanical assemblage demonstrates that partial or scattered datasets can yield meaningful results and hold the potential to fill gaps in the archaeological record left by looting.

In this study, a small …

Microvascular Endothelial Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Protects Against Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction By Inhibiting T-Cell Cardiotropism, Yufei Wu, Xiaomei Yang, Yu Bai, Chenze Li, Peng Wang, Qing Xu, Hui Li, Xiaoli Rao, Yangkai Xu, Jie Chen, Huanhuan Cao, Qi Zhang, Mingming Zhao, Rui Zhan, Xue Fan, Yuedong Hou, Jie Liu, Hong S. Lu, Tianyun Wang, Wei Dong Gao, Linzhang Huang, Han Xiao, Lingyun Zu, Alan Daugherty, Mingguo Xu, Lemin Zheng

Physiology Faculty Publications

Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) dysfunction is a well-recognized mediator of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we find that scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1) is predominantly expressed in CMECs and decreased significantly in HFpEF. Endothelial-specific SR-B1 deficiency exacerbates cardiac pathological remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF, which can be prevented by endothelial SR-B1 reconstitution through adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1)-mediated delivery in endothelial-specific SR-B1-deficient mice. Single-cardiac-endothelial-cell transcriptomics and lineage-tracing system reveal that inflammatory CMECs subcluster activation is responsible for the deteriorating HFpEF progression induced by endothelial SR-B1 loss, rather …

Postapproval Study For Brain-Responsive Neurostimulation For Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy, Dawn Eliashiv, Vikram R. Rao, Barbara C. Jobst, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, John D. Rolston, Lesley C. Kaye, Taneeta Mindy Ganguly, Katie Bullinger, Patricia C. Dugan, David E. Burdette, Angela Y. Peters, Atif Sheikh, Kevin F. Haas, Dileep R. Nair, Lilit Mnatsakanyan, Imran H. Quraishi, Meriem K. Bensalem-Owen, Michael J. Doherty, Babak Razavi, Tiffany L. Fisher, Christopher Skidmore, Pradeep N. Modur, Tawnya M. Constantino, Vicenta Salanova, Andrew J. Cole, Olga Taraschenko, Angelica Rivera-Cruz, James W. Wheless, Nitin Tandon, Antoaneta Balabanov, Sami Aboumatar

Neurology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neuromodulation therapies are approved for the treatment of focal epilepsy based on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). After approval of a responsive direct brain stimulation device (The RNS System for focal epilepsy), the Food and Drug Administration required a prospective study to evaluate whether real-world safety and effectiveness differed from outcomes in the RCT. METHODS: This open-labeled study enrolled adult participants who met the RNS System-approved indication for use. The primary effectiveness end point was median percent change in seizure frequency at 3 years of treatment. Interim safety is presented; the primary safety endpoint analysis will …

Elevated Plasma Cholesterol Improves Sepsis Outcome By Promoting Hepatic Metabolic Reprogramming, Qian Wang, Jianyao Xue, Ling Guo, Dan Hao, Misa Ito, Rianna Reese, Bin Huang, Congqing Wu, Xiang An Li

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Background – Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality and limited therapeutic options. This study investigated the association between plasma cholesterol levels and sepsis survival and explored the mechanisms by which elevated cholesterol confers protection. Methods – We analyzed 2, 787 sepsis patients from the MIMIC-IV database, comparing cholesterol levels between 28-day survivors and non-survivors and assessing mortality risk using multivariable Cox regression. To test causality, C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) or a regular diet (RD) before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Results – Survivors had significantly higher cholesterol than non-survivors (median 135 vs. 126 …

Postoperative Stress Accelerates Atherosclerosis Through Inflammatory Remodeling Of The Hdl Proteome And Impaired Reverse Cholesterol Transport, Dominique M. Boucher, Victoria Lorant, Valerie Rochon, Abigail Carter, Cameron Stotts, My Anh Nguyen, Thomas Laval, Christina Emerton, Nathan Joyce, Nysa Vinayak, Marlena Scaffidi, David Cook, Katey J. Rayner, Rebecca C. Auer, Scott M. Gordon, Mireille I. Ouimet

Physiology Faculty Publications

Over 10 million patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery each year face major cardiovascular complications within 30 days, many due to destabilized atherosclerotic plaques. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), driven by HDL and Apoa1, protects against plaque progression, but the effects of surgical inflammation on this pathway remain unclear. Using an abdominal laparotomy model in ApoE^−/− mice on a Western diet, we isolated the impact of surgical inflammation without confounding blood loss. Surgery acutely impaired RCT and cholesterol efflux, with inflammatory remodeling of HDL marked by elevated SAA1/2 and reduced Apoa1. Plaques exhibited higher intracellular lipids, PLIN2 expression, and cleaved caspase-3, indicating …