Digital Commons Network^™

Locus Coeruleus Tdp-43 Pathology In A Community-Based Cohort, Allison M. Neltner, Ryan K. Shahidehpour, Megan E. Hall, Xiaotong Ning, Shuling Fister, Hannah Kang, Sonya Anderson, Gregory A. Jicha, Tiffany L. Lee, Erin L. Abner, David W. Fardo, Peter T. Nelson

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The locus coeruleus (LC) is the source of norepinephrinergic innervation in the human brain. Locus coeruleus pathology has been linked to clinical conditions such as cognitive impairment and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) pathology in the LC has been understudied, particularly in the contexts of aging and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC). Here, a convenience sample (n = 134) of autopsied participants from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center community-based cohort was analyzed for LC pTDP-43 and phosphorylated tau (pTau) pathologies. Locus coeruleus pTDP-43 pathology was found in 28/134 …

Cellular Senescence Links Muscle Atrophy And Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis After Acl Injury, Alexander R. Keeble, Allison Owen, Sara Gonzalez-Velez, Nicholas T. Thomas, Camille R. Brightwell, Peyton J. Balawender, Madeline G. O'Daniel, Helena C. Weiss, Haley Noehren, Heather Thompson, Karen Sofia Zuluaga-Osorio, Zane T. Bates, Lauren Gottlieb, Douglas E. Long, Douglas Harrison, Philip Kern, Caitlin E. Conley, Michael A. Samaan, Stephen Duncan, Austin Stone, Darren Johnson, Yuan Wen, Brian Noehren, Cory Dungan, Christopher Fry

Biology Faculty Publications

Traumatic knee injury leads to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) and significant skeletal muscle weakness, resulting in chronic disability. The current standard of care frequently fails to prevent musculoskeletal dysfunction, underscoring the need to identify therapeutic mechanisms of PTOA. Using an established preclinical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection model of PTOA and leveraging an innovative SPiDER-senescence-associated β-galactosidase stain to discern senescent cells, we investigated cellular senescence at single-cell resolution and identified anti-inflammatory macrophages as a predominant contributor to the senescent cell burden in both muscle and knee joint after injury. Clearance of senescent cells using the senolytic dasatinib and quercetin (D + …

Racial And Ethnic Differences In Medications For Opioid Use Disorder And Overdose In 11 State Medicaid Programs From 2016 To 2020, Julie M. Donohue, Bill Wang, Lu Tang, Joo Yeon Kim, Stefanie Junker, Evan S. Cole, Chung Chou H. Chang, Eric Roberts, J. Deanna Wilson, Utibe R. Essien, Katie Gifford, Lindsey Hammerslag, Jeffery Talbert, Katherine Ahrens, David Idala, Shamis Mohamoud, Sarah Clark, Anna Austin, Orrin Ware, Krystel Tossone, Aimee Mack, Carrie Fry, Adam J. Gordon, Andrew Barnes, Sarah Marks, Peter Cunningham, Lindsay Allen, Marguerite Burns

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Introduction: Access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) varies across racial and ethnic groups. As the largest payer for MOUD, Medicaid has potential to ensure access for all enrollees. We aimed to quantify recent trends and state variation in MOUD use by race and ethnicity in Medicaid. Methods: Using a distributed research network, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 11 states' Medicaid data from 2016 to 2020. Among enrollees diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD), we measured the percent receiving MOUD (overall; and methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, separately), continuity of MOUD for ≥180 days, and claims-based overdose event rates. We …

Neutralization Of Reactive Oxygen Species With Cobinamide Augments Aortic Dissections And Rupture In Bapn-Administered Mice, Alexis Richard, Zhen Zhou, Jose Emiliano Esparza Pinelo, Callie S. Kwartler, Hema Kalyanaraman, Gerry R. Boss, Hong S. Lu, Alan Daugherty, Dianna M. Milewicz

Physiology Faculty Publications

Thoracic aortic aneurysms involving the root and ascending aorta progressively enlarge and can lead to life-threatening acute aortic dissections, collectively termed thoracic aortic disease (TAD). Oxidative stress due to an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in TAD pathogenesis by promoting vascular inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Cobinamide (Cbi), a potent antioxidant and vitamin B12 analog, has been reported to slow aortic aneurysm growth in TAD mouse models. We evaluated its efficacy in mice administered b-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) to induce TAD, a model in which aneurysms progress to dissections. C57BL/6J mice of both sexes …

Rural And Urban Availability Of Substance Use Treatment Facilities, Aaron P. Smith, Tyrone F. Borders

Rural & Underserved Health Research Center Publications

Overview of Key Findings

• Rural counties have higher per capita numbers of substance use disorder treatment facilities than urban counties on average, but also greater variability and large pockets of unmet need.

• The highest proportions of residents living in counties without any treatment facilities are concentrated in rural areas within the Midwestern and Southern United States.

• Rural and urban treatment facilities offer medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) at similar rates, with inpatient facilities most likely to provide MOUD, followed by residential and outpatient settings.

Attentional Bias During A Novel Alcohol Cue Virtual Reality Paradigm, Ryan M. Sullivan, Benjamin S. Mckenna, Weichen Liu, Arwynn Mckinty, Camarin Laurance, Craig R. Rush, Nadir Weibel, Kelly E. Courtney

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: Attentional bias to alcohol cues is largely investigated using pictorial cues (i.e., two-dimensional images). The addition of eye-tracking metrics has improved these investigations yet are limited by a lack of naturalistic cues. Virtual reality (VR) can theoretically improve ecological validity through three-dimensional alcohol object presentation while utilizing eye-tracking metrics. This report sought to test the construct validity of the Alcohol Cue VR paradigm in evoking subjective craving and attentional bias through measurement of eye-gaze characteristics. Methods: Participants (n = 105, 53% male, M_age = 38), with varying alcohol use histories, underwent the Alcohol Cue VR paradigm, an alcohol …

Impaired Microvascular Reactivity To Passive Limb Movement After Stroke Is Improved By A Single Session Of Ischemic Conditioning, Alicen A. Whitaker-Hilbig, Jennifer N. Nguyen, Amanda Wietrzny, Akash Desai, Samuel Wietrzny, Macey Dunn, Yelyzaveta Merenzon, Sergey Tarima, Emilie Klevenow, Allison S. Hyngstrom, Matthew J. Durand

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Microvascular dysfunction post stroke remains insufficiently investigated and may contribute to impairments in physical function. Single passive limb movement (sPLM) provides a clinically relevant assessment of microvascular vasodilation. We hypothesized the response to sPLM would be attenuated in the paretic leg compared with age- and sex-matched controls (CON) and would improve following a single session of ischemic conditioning (IC), an intervention known to enhance vasodilation. METHODS: In this randomized crossover trial, superficial femoral artery leg blood flow was measured during sPLM, using a Biodex dynamometer, which passively moved the leg 90° at 1Hz. A thigh cuff was placed around …

Impact Of Structure And Connectivity Of Thiophene-Based Bicycles Stacking With Fluoroarenes In Conjugated Materials, Elisa Guzman, Gabrielle Buell, Sashen Ruhunage, Peter Müller, Chad Risko, Samuel W. Thomas

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Noncovalent interactions between aromatic rings can dictate the crystal structures of organic optoelectronic materials. While cofacial interactions of fluorinated and non-fluorinated arenes are useful supramolecular synthons, the impacts of the structural details on these interactions remain unpredictable, particularly with the types of heterocycles common in materials derived from π-conjugated molecules. In this work, a combination of optical spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography demonstrates that both the degree of fluorination of a benzyl ester side chain and the regiochemical connectivity of a benzothiophene (BT) to an arylene-ethynylene backbone impact whether intramolecular cofacial stacking occurs or not. Surprisingly, the thienothiophene (TT) analog, which …

Measuring Change In Domains Of Health-Related Quality Of Life And Well-Being In Black Or African American Adolescent Football Athletes From Rural Communities Across A Single Football Season, Jessica Wallace, Justin E. Karr, Danae Delfin Talley, Eric Ingram, Claire Brewer, Trevor Anesi, Mary Margaret Williamson, Zachary Y. Kerr, Tamaria Hibbler, Douglas Terry, Aaron Yengo-Kahn

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: Physical activity and team sport participation in adolescence are associated with positive health outcomes, stronger social skills, and improved mental health. However, negative health consequences are frequently associated with contact/collision sports like football. The objective of this study was to examine any change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and pediatric well-being among adolescent males after participating in a single season of football. Method: A cross-sectional study design was utilized in a high school football setting. Participants included Black/African American adolescent male football players (n = 83) from five schools within rural Alabama. Pediatric HRQoL and well-being measures were …

Exercise Training Prior To And During Cancer In Mice Preserves Muscle Mass, Reduces Tumour Weight And Suppresses Molecular Mediators Of Cachexia, Stavroula Tsitkanou, Pieter J. Koopmans, Ana Regina Cabrera, Nathan Serrano, Calvin S. Peterson, Ruqaiza Muhyudin, Zain B. Malik, Micah Goeke, Eleanor R. Schrems, Francielly Morena, Yuan Wen, Tyrone A. Washington, Kevin A. Murach, Nicholas P. Greene

Physiology Faculty Publications

Abstract: We investigated the prophylactic effects of exercise before and during cancer cachexia (CC) using a model designed to mimic endurance and resistance (i.e., concurrent) adaptations. Male and female Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups whereby exercise groups were subjected to an 8-week voluntary progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR) programme of habitual loading-mediated physical activity beginning at 8 weeks of age. At 16 weeks of age, mice were injected bilaterally with colon-26 adenocarcinoma (C26) cells or phosphate-buffered saline, and exercise training was maintained throughout disease progression. Twenty-five days post-tumour induction, we assessed whole-body and muscle phenotype, …

Blood Biomarkers Predict Conversion From Cognitively Stable To Mild Cognitive Impairment Or Alzheimer's Disease In Down Syndrome At 16-Month Follow-Up In Abc-Ds, Fan Zhang, Melissa Petersen, Mark Mapstone, James Hall, Benjamin Handen, Brad Christian, Elizabeth Head, Herminia Diana Rosas, Florence Lai, Joseph H. Lee, Sharon J. Krinsky-Mchale, Frederick A. Schmitt, Jordan Harp, Christy Hom, Ira T. Lott, Sigan Hartley, Shahid Zaman, Beau M. Ances, Lauren Ptomey, Jeffrey M. Burns, Ann D. Cohen, Adam M. Brickman, Sid E.O’ Bryant

Psychology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) face high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet presymptomatic detection of cognitive decline is hindered by lifelong intellectual disability. METHODS: Using data from the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium–Down Syndrome (ABC-DS), blood samples from 246 participants were analyzed, yielding 404 longitudinal observations (45 Converters, 359 Stable) collected at 0, 16, and 32 months were analyzed. A Support Vector Machine was trained on 25 plasma biomarkers spanning neurodegeneration, inflammation, and vascular health, along with demographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity, karyotype, apolipoprotein E [APOE ε4]). Batch-effect correction and feature selection were applied, resulting in 13 key markers. RESULTS: …

Turning Policy Implications Into Policy Impact, Alycia Chin, Katherine G. Carman, Adam W. Craig, Jonathan A. Cook, David B. Zimmerman

Psychology Faculty Publications

We describe how research can inform policymaking. We begin by summarizing the policy formation process, offering a framework illustrating how interactions between scientists and policymakers can provide mutual benefits. We then describe four research initiatives from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Office of Investor Research (OIR) as examples of how behavioral sciences can help inform policymakers. The first initiative established a probability-based nationally representative survey panel focused on US investor behavior. The remaining three examined investor communications for mutual fund benchmarks, emerging annuities (known as registered index-linked annuities), and mutual fund fee visuals. We conclude by synthesizing our work and …

The Radial And Vertical Structure Of Molecular Gas In The Edge-On Galaxy Ngc 4565, Grace Krahm, Adam K. Leroy, Jiayi Sun, Kijeong Yim, Eric W. Koch, Tony Wong, Deanne Fisher, Erik Rosolowsky, Karin Sandstrom, Dyas Utomo, Jesse Van De Sande, Marie Martig, Amelia Fraser-Mckelvie, Michael R. Hayden

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present high-resolution (0 (Formula presented) .″ 94 ≈ 55 pc) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(2–1) and¹³CO(2–1) observations of the highly inclined ( (Formula presented) i∼87.°5 ) galaxy NGC 4565 covering out to galactocentric radius R_gal ≳ ± 17 kpc. The combination of sensitivity and resolution enables the detection of CO emission well into the H i-dominated outer disk while isolating individual molecular clouds across the full extent of the galaxy. Although often described as an edge-on Milky Way analog, the molecular gas profile of NGC 4565 has a central gap that is more similar to …

The Heart Score Has Less Utility With High Sensitivity Troponin, Austin Harris, Kory Heier, Jeffrey F. Spindel, Weston Mccowan, Emily Slade, Mansi Parekh, Dealla Samadi, Vedant Gupta

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Background – Clinical risk scores for acute chest pain evaluation were largely validated using older troponin assays. We sought to analyze the HEART score and clinical decision pathways utilizing high sensitivity troponin. Methods – This was a retrospective study of all adult patients presenting with nontraumatic chest pain to a single center, quaternary-care emergency department over a 6-month time period. Patients were risk-stratified by the HEART score using an institution-specific clinical decision pathway that aligns with current guidelines. Predictive models and optimal cutoff values were constructed via logistic regression for the primary outcome of acute coronary syndrome at presentation or …

Inflammation Associated With Obesity, Aging, And Amyloid Burden In Adults With Down Syndrome, Victoria L. Fleming-Batayneh, Brian C. Helsel, Lauren T. Ptomey, Benjamin L. Handen, Mark Mapstone, Melissa Petersen, Sharon J. Krinsky-Mchale, Christy L. Hom, Davneet Minhas, Weiquan Luo, Charles Laymon, Joseph H. Lee, Annie Cohen, Beau M. Ances, Adam M. Brickman, Margaret Pulsifer, H. Diana Rosas, Florencia Lai, Shahid H. Zaman, Elizabeth Head, Dana Tudorascu, Julie Price, Fredrick Schmitt, Bradley T. Christian, Ozioma Okonkwo, Sigan L. Hartley, Beau M. Ances, Howard F. Andrews, Karen Bell, Rasmus M. Birn, Adam M. Brickman

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objective: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) often show elevated systemic inflammation, but the association with obesity, aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is not well understood. Methods: Data were drawn from 188 nondemented adults with DS participating in the Alzheimer Biomarkers Consortium-DS (ABC-DS). Participants completed clinical assessments, blood draws, and neuroimaging. Plasma biomarkers included indicators of general, pro-, and anti-inflammation. Mixed linear models tested associations between BMI, age, PET-measured amyloid burden, and inflammatory biomarkers, adjusting for sex, trisomy type, and collection site. False discovery rate correction was applied. Results: The majority of the participants met criteria for obesity. Higher BMI …

Using Clinical And Thrombus Characteristics To Predict The Etiology Of Ischemic Stroke, Graham A. Branscom, Carina Seah, Tannishtha Som, James Vicari, Alan R. Dabney, Selva Baltan, Farida Sohrabji, Keith Pennypacker, Keith B. Woodward, Benjamin I. Rapoport, Sol Schulman, Justin F. Fraser, Christopher P. Kellner

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background and purpose: Ischemic stroke comprises about 87% of all stroke cases in the US. 20% of these have a cardioembolic (CE) etiology, and 25% are still considered embolic strokes of undetermined sources (ESUS). ESUS strokes are associated with worse functional outcomes and survival rates, underscoring the need for understanding the clinical differences in stroke etiology. Methods: We analyzed the Investigation of Clot in Ischemic Stroke and Hematoma Evacuation (INSIGHT) registry (NCT04693767, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04693767), which includes n=388 patients total (n=208 CE, n=142 AFIB, n=180 non-CE). We analyzed 123 data features, spanning across domains including demographics, past medical history, baseline blood lab …

Production Country Origin Impact On Soybean Oil Quality, Huazhen Liu, Micah Pope, Todd Doehring, Pradeep Kachroo, David Hildebrand

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Previous studies have suggested variability in soybean oil quality depending on geographic origin of the soybeans. In this study, 1035 crude degummed soybean oil (raw oil unrefined except for degumming) samples collected from vessels and crushers over five harvest years (2020–2024) were analyzed for 11 key quality attributes. Soybean oil samples were sourced from soybeans that originated from the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. The results indicate that US-grown soybeans consistently produce the highest-quality oil, characterized by the lowest free fatty acid (FFA) levels and lowest neutral oil loss (NOL). Oils from US soybeans also exhibited the highest iodine values. …

Sweet Potato Gene Clusters Control Anthocyanin Biosynthesis And Leaf Morphology, Dong An, Tiechen Shen, Shiyu Wu, Yanshen Li, Weijuan Fan, Mengxiao Yan, Yinghui Meng, Xinyi Wang, Ximing Xu, Zunfu Lv, Ling Yuan, Jun Yang, Guoquan Lu, Hongxia Wang

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) exhibits diversity in pigmentation and leaf morphology, yet the genetic architecture and regulatory organisation underlying these traits remain poorly resolved, particularly with respect to organ-specific control. We hypothesised that phenotypic variation is governed by clustered genetic modules comprising regulatory and structural genes operating in an organ-specific manner. To test this, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using 4.6 million SNPs across 260 diverse accessions, integrated with transcriptomic, haplotype and functional analyses. GWAS identified two tandem clusters of MYB transcription factors on chromosome 5 as the primary regulators of leaf anthocyanin accumulation. Expression profiling, heterologous expression and …

Permanent Winter Hay-Feeding Stations Concentrate Soil Nutrients In Kentucky Pastures, Alan J. Franzluebbers, Jeffrey W. Lehmkuhler, Matt H. Poore, Arjun Kafle, Rodolfo Zentella, Tommy Yankey, S. Ray Smith, Gregory Halich

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Distribution of soil nutrients as a function of centralized winter hay-feeding stations can lead to inefficient nutrient utilization and environmental quality concerns, but distributions have not been adequately characterized across a diversity of soils. We investigated spatial distribution of soil nutrients and organic matter fractions on three farms with concrete feeding pads for winter hay feeding. Soils were silt loam at the Princeton and Oran Little Research Stations and silty clay loam and silty clay at the Eden Shale Farm in ≥20-year-old tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) pastures in Kentucky. An anticipated impact zone of 0.7–1.0 ha around the winter hay-feeding …

An Innovative Evaluation Technique For Assessing Metallic Color Matching Performance In Electrostatic Rotary Bell Sprayers (Erbss): A Methodology Based On Droplet Size Distribution, Adnan Ahmad, Supitchaya Cherdkeattikul, Vincent Dattilo, Richard Ostin, Joseph Balmas, Nelson Akafuah

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Electrostatic Rotary Bell Sprayers (ERBSs) are pivotal in automotive painting, offering high efficiency and superior surface finishes through a dual-phase atomization process. Various factors significantly influence droplet size distributions, including rotational speed, paint rheology, and flow rate. Previous studies concluded that the geometry of the rotary cup also plays a critical role, as different designs can yield varied atomization outcomes. Rayleigh’s theory underpins the understanding of ligament formation and the conditions affecting droplet disintegration. Yet, it falls short of addressing the complexities introduced by colloids and particulate flakes in metallic paints. This is particularly important, as metallic flakes' density and …

Ultracold Neutron Energy Spectrum And Storage Properties From Magnetically Induced Spin Depolarization, N. J. Ayres, G. Ban, G. Bison, K. Bodek, V. Bondar, T. Bouillaud, D. Bowles, G. L. Caratsch, E. Chanel, W. Chen, P. J. Chiu, C. B. Crawford, V. Czamler, M. Daum, C. B. Doorenbos, M. Ferry, M. Fertl, A. Fratangelo, D. Galbinski, W. C. Griffith, Z. D. Grujic, K. Kirch, V. Kletzl, B. Lauss, T. Lefort, A. Lejuez, R. Li, K. Michielsen, J. Micko, P. Mullan, A. Mullins

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present a novel method for extracting the energy spectrum of ultracold neutrons from magnetically induced spin depolarization measurements using the n2EDM apparatus. This method is also used to exploit sensitivity to the storage properties of the materials used to trap ultracold neutrons, specifically, whether collisions are specular or diffuse. To do so, we utilize tomat simulation to map storage properties to correlation times of the ultracold neutrons to induced magnetic nonuniformities. We highlight the sensitivity of this new technique by comparing the two different storage chambers of the n2EDM experiment, which host different ultracold neutron energy spectra. This method …

Frontal Release Signs And Future Decline In Research Participants With Intact Cognition, Lauren G. Bojarski, Gregory A. Jicha, Elif Pinar Coskun, Frederick A. Schmitt, Linda Van Eldik, Erin L. Abner

Neurology Faculty Publications

Importance Frontal release signs (FRS) are primitive reflexes that regress with brain maturation and reappear in the setting of brain injury or neurodegeneration. Despite their association with dementia, the prognostic utility of this finding in the setting of early cognitive decline and preclinical disease is poorly understood. Objective To evaluate the association of FRS with future cognitive decline in research participants. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study examined the presence of FRS (from 2005-2024) among research cohort participants with intact cognition or mild impairment at study baseline. The study used single-center data collection of longitudinal research cohort data through …

Improving The Clinical Trial Landscape For Patients With Atypical Variants Of Alzheimer's Disease, Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier, Neus Falgàs, Deepti Putcha, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Keir X.X. Yong, Baayla D.C. Boon, Rosaleena Mohanty, Eric Westman, Colin Groot, David T. Jones, Lea T. Grinberg, Gil D. Rabinovici, Jennifer L. Whitwell, Liana G. Apostolova, Melissa E. Murray, Dustin B. Hammers, Suzanne E. Schindler, Inga Atonsdottir, Elizabeth K. Rhodus, Jonathan M. Schott, Ignacio Illán-Gala, Ogbuagu Chukwuanugo, Jorge J.Llibre Guerra, Ruth Peters, Erin L. Abner, Carla Abdelnour, Albert Lladó, Renaud La Joie

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Patients with atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease (AD) often present at a younger age with predominantly non-amnestic impairments and a more aggressive disease course. Historically, individuals with atypical presentations have not been included in large-scale clinical trials, which typically focus on late-onset, sporadic amnestic-predominant AD. Consequently, treatment options and research efforts specific to atypical AD remain limited. The emergence of amyloid-targeting therapies that slow disease progression underscores these challenges, as evidence supporting their efficacy in early-onset amnestic and non-amnestic AD variants is scarce. This perspective article argues that atypical AD represents an excellent disease model for clinical trials and proposes …

Transportability Analyses In Comparative Effectiveness Research, Blythe Adamson, Wei Liu, Stephen Duffield, Anouk Déruaz-Luyet, Dimitri Bennett, Montse Soriano Gabarró, Mehmet Burcu, Daniela Claudia Moga, Sarah Welby, Tianze Jiao, Xuerong Wen, Grammati Sarri

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The Problem: Transportability considerations are increasingly important to answer research questions in comparative effectiveness research (CER) to support the transfer of evidence on medicinal products across countries or settings. As drug development costs rise and healthcare systems and professionals face economic and resource pressures, leveraging existing data and evidence generated across borders or settings can improve efficiency and inform decisions in product development and decision-making (regulatory, health technology assessment [HTA] and clinical care). Differences in population characteristics, healthcare systems, and data availability, including coding discrepancies, may present significant challenges to the transportability of CER evidence. Without rigorous methodological approaches, the …

The Polysubstance Assessment Tool, Amanda M. Bunting, Charles M. Cleland, S. Michaela Barratt, Brittany Griffin, Jaimee Williams, Carrie B. Oser, Joshua D. Lee, Jennifer Mcneely

Sociology Faculty Publications

Background and aims: There are currently no brief quantitative assessments that capture the drug patterns of people who engage in use of more than one drug on the same day or simultaneously. The current study examined the retest reliability, acceptability and feasibility of a new quantitative assessment to measure polysubstance use. Design: A tool for assessing simultaneous and same-day polysubstance behaviors, the polysubstance assessment tool (PAT) was developed in interviewer-administered and electronic self-administered formats. Participants were allocated 1:1 to receive either version of the PAT and returned one to three days later to repeat the assessment. Setting: New York City, …

Agn Storm 2. Xii. Ground-Based Optical Photometry And Lag Measurements Of Mrk 817, John W. Montano, Aaron J. Barth, Keith Horne, Edward M. Cackett, Gisella De Rosa, Y. Homayouni, Erin A. Kara, Gerard A. Kriss, Hermine Landt, Gilvan G. Apolonio, Nahum Arav, Benjamin D. Boizelle, Elena Dalla Bontà, Doron Chelouche, Maryam Dehghanian, Rick Edelson, Gary J. Ferland, Carina Fian, Catalina Sobrino Figaredo, Michael R. Goad, Diego H. Gonzalez-Buitrago, Wei Jian Guo, Chen Hu, Dragana Ilić, Michael D. Joner, Shai Kaspi, Christopher S. Kochanek, Andjelka B. Kovačević, Collin Lewin, Sha Sha Li, Yan Rong Li, Jun Rong Liu

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present the ground-based imaging campaign and light curves of Markarian 817 as part of the multiwavelength monitoring program AGN STORM 2. Observations were carried out over 1.4 yr in the uBgVriz filters, with a median cadence of 0.4 day in the g band. Reverberation lags are measured using three methods (interpolated cross-correlation function (ICCF), Just Another Vehicle for Estimating Lags In Nuclei, and PyROA) with the Swift UVW2 band (1928 Å) as the reference light curve. The ICCF centroid lags range from 3.0 ± 0.8 days for the u band up to 7.9 ± 1.5 days for z, and …

Multiscale Gas Structure And Dynamics In An Extragalactic Central Molecular Zone, Liam M. Wang, Jiayi Sun, Yu Hsuan Teng, Eric W. Koch, Sanghyuk Moon, Elias Oakes, Erik Rosolowsky

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The structures and dynamics of the interstellar medium are governed by a combination of self-gravity, external gravity, and various sources of ordered and random motions on different spatial scales. This paper uses Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array CO (3–2) observations at (Formula presented) 0.″1≈5  pc resolution to examine the scale dependence of molecular gas structure and dynamics in the central molecular zone (CMZ) of a nearby galaxy, NGC 3351. We use the dendrogram technique to characterize hierarchical molecular gas structures spanning two decades in spatial scales and measure their size, gas mass, and velocity dispersion. Their size–line width relation shows a …

The Aurora Survey, Ali Ahmad Khostovan, Ryan L. Sanders, Alice E. Shapley, Michael W. Topping, Naveen A. Reddy, Alex M. Garcia, Danielle A. Berg, Leonardo Clarke, Fergus Cullen, Richard S. Ellis, N. M.Förster Schreiber, Karl Glazebrook, Tucker Jones, Derek J. Mcleod, Anthony J. Pahl, Max Pettini, Paul Torrey

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present new constraints on the mass–metallicity (MZR) and fundamental metallicity relations (FMR) using a sample of 34 galaxies at 1.38 ≤ z ≤ 3.5 (median z = 2.28). These galaxies have direct T_e measurements from [O iii]4363 Å and/or [O ii]7320,7331 Å auroral emission lines detected with JWST/NIRSpec as part of the AURORA survey. The detection of both oxygen auroral lines allows for dual-zone direct T_e measurements and expands the dynamic range in (Formula presented) 12+log(O/H)  (7.68–8.65 dex), stellar mass (10⁸–10^10.4 M_⊙), and star formation rate (1–100 M_⊙ yr⁻¹) …

Holographic Description Of 4d Maxwell Theories And Their Code-Based Ensembles, Ahmed Barbar, Anatoly Dymarsky, Alfred Shapere

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We formulate a precise holographic duality between an ensemble of 4d U(1)^g Maxwell theories living on a spin four-manifold M₄ and a topological Abelian BF-type 2-form theory of level N, summed over all five-manifolds with boundary M₄. The elements of the boundary ensemble are Abelian gauge theories specified by self-dual symplectic codes over ℤ_N, that parameterize topological boundary conditions in the 5d TQFT. Similarly, the equivalence classes of topologies distinguished by the 5d theory are parameterized by orthogonal self-dual codes. Hence the holographic duality can be reformulated in the language of quantum stabilizer codes. …

The Aurora Survey, Ryan L. Sanders, Alice E. Shapley, Michael W. Topping, Naveen A. Reddy, Danielle A. Berg, Ali Ahmad Khostovan, Rychard J. Bouwens, Gabriel Brammer, Adam C. Carnall, Fergus Cullen, Romeel Davé, James S. Dunlop, Richard S. Ellis, N. M. Förster Schreiber, Steven R. Furlanetto, Karl Glazebrook, Garth D. Illingworth, Tucker Jones, Mariska Kriek, Derek J. Mcleod, Ross J. Mclure, Desika Narayanan, Pascal A. Oesch, Anthony J. Pahl, Max Pettini, Daniel Schaerer, Daniel P. Stark, Charles C. Steidel, Mengtao Tang, Leonardo Clarke, Callum T. Donnan, Emily Kehoe

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present detections of auroral emission lines of [O iii], [O ii], [S iii], and [S ii] in deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy for 41 star-forming galaxies at z = 1.4–7.2 from the AURORA survey. We combine these new observations with 98 star-forming galaxies at z = 1.3–10.6 with detected auroral lines drawn from the literature to form a sample of 139 high-redshift galaxies with robust electron temperature and direct-method oxygen abundance determinations. This sample notably covers a wider dynamic range in metallicity than previous work, spanning 0.02–0.9 Z_⊙. We calibrate empirical relations between 19 emission-line ratios and oxygen abundance, …