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Functional Dissociation In Frontal And Striatal Areas For Processing Of Positive And Negative Reward Information, Xun Liu, David K. Powell, Hongbin Wang, Brian T. Gold, Christine R. Corbly, Jane E. Joseph

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Reward-seeking behavior depends critically on processing of positive and negative information at various stages such as reward anticipation, outcome monitoring, and choice evaluation. Behavioral and neuropsychological evidence suggests that processing of positive (e.g., gain) and negative (e.g., loss) reward information may be dissociable and individually disrupted. However, it remains uncertain whether different stages of reward processing share certain neural circuitry in frontal and striatal areas, and whether distinct but interactive systems in these areas are recruited for positive and negative reward processing. To explore these issues, we used a monetary decision-making task to investigate the roles of frontal and striatal …

Moving Whiteness: Rhetoric And Political Emotion, Wendy Ryden

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Conspiracy Theories: Is There A Place For Civil Conspiracy In Products Liability Litigation?, Richard C. Ausness

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

A civil conspiracy is a group of two or more persons acting together to achieve an unlawful objective or to achieve a lawful objective by unlawful or criminal means. During the past two decades, plaintiffs have brought numerous civil conspiracy claims against product manufacturers. The defendants in these cases have included manufacturers or producers of tobacco products, asbestos, pharmaceuticals, lead-based paint, multi-rim truck wheels, and gasoline additives. Surprisingly, less than half of the civil conspiracy claims have made it to trial. This unimpressive success rate suggests that courts are not very receptive to civil conspiracy claims even when there is …

Poster Session, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Identification of potential bacterial sources and levels, Red Duck Creek, Mayfield, Kentucky, Brooke Vorbeck, Travis Martin, and Mike Kemp, Dept of Industrial and Engineering Technology, Murray State University
• Water-quality trend analysis for streams in Kentucky, A.S. Crain and G.R. Martin, USGS, Louisville
• Preliminary Results of a Fecal Microbe Survey in a Eutrophic Lake, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County, Kentucky, W.S. Borowski and M.S. Albright, Depts of Earth Sciences and Geography, EKU
• Preliminary Physical and Chemical Characteristics of an Eutrophic Lake, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County, Kentucky, E.C. Jolly and W.S. Borowski, Dept of Earth Sciences, EKU
• Lethal and …

Session 2a: Surface Water, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Development and Application of a New Sediment Fingerprinting Methodology for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Charles Davis and Jimmy Fox, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Accounting for Construction Stormwater in TMDL Development for Sediment Impaired Streams in Rapidly Growing Residential Areas, Jon Ludwig and John Bekman, Tetra Tech, and David Montali, WVDEP
• Responses of Riparian Plant Diversity to Gradients in Flood Frequency and Severity, Patrick Lawless and Jimmy Fox, Depts of Geography and Civil Engineering, UK

Session 1d: Biology, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Long-Term Assessments and Seasonal Variations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Water, Sediments, Floodplain Soils, and Sentinel Fish Species from Big and Little Bayou Creeks, McCracken County, Kentucky, D.J. Price, Dept of Biology, UK
• Characterization of total dissolved solids (TDS) toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia associated with effluent discharges from a meat packaging industry, Agus Sofyan and David Price, Dept of Biology, UK
• Wilson Creek Restoration and the Response in Food Web Function and Fish Community Structure, Wesley Daniel and Jeff Jack, Dept of Biology and Center for Environmental Science, U of L

Session 1a: Microbial Source Tracking, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Detecting Multiple Source Origins from Fecal Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance Patterns, Sloane Ritchey and M.S. Coyne, Environmental Research Institute, EKU and Dept of Plant and Soil Sciences, UK
• Microbial Source Tracking; Limits and Application, Steve Evans, Third Rock Consultants, Lexington
• Triplett Creek Focus Study, Brian Reeder and April Haight, Institute for Regional Analysis and Public Policy, Morehead State University

Proceedings Of 2007 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This conference was planned and conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement Number 06HQGR0087.

The views and conclusions contained in this document and presented at the symposium are those of the abstract authors and presenters and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government or other symposium organizers and sponsors.

Plant Cells And Plants Expressing Chemeric Isoprenoid Synthases, Joseph Chappell, Kyoungwhan Back

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

The invention features plant cells and plants that include a nucleic acid molecule encoding a chimeric isoprenoid synthase polypeptide including an asymmetrically positioned homologous domain. The chimeric isoprenoid synthases of the invention catalyze the production of isoprenoid reaction products that are not produced when the asymmetrically positioned homologous domain is positioned at its naturally-occurring site in an isoprenoid synthase polypeptide.

Characterization Of Dairy Milk House Waste Water In Kentucky, Anshu Singh, Czarena L. Crofcheck, Gail M. Brion

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

This study focuses on characterization of milk house waste water from eight different farms in Kentucky. The farms were separated into three groups based on the number of cows: small (20-30), medium (30-60), and large (over 60 cows). Samples were collected once a month from four farms and twice a month from the remainder. Samples were analyzed for chemical, biochemical, and microbiological characteristics. Results indicated a large and significant variation in the chemical and microbiological characteristics between the farms. Farm size had a significant effect on the nutrient content of the waste water. Though samples exhibited seasonal variation, there was …

Loline Alkaloid Gene Clusters Of The Fungal Endophyte Neotyphodium Uncinatum, Christopher L. Schardl, Heather H. Wilkinson, Martin J. Spiering

Plant Pathology Faculty Patents

Loline alkaloids (LA), which are 1-aminopyrrolizidines with an oxygen bridge, are produced by Epichloë (anamorph=Neotyphodium) species, endophytes of grasses. LA are insecticidal, thus helping protect host plants from insect herbivory. Suppression subtractive hybridization PCR was used to isolate transcripts up-regulated during loline alkaloid production in cultures of Neotyphodium uncinatum. Subtracted cDNAs were cloned, and a λ-phage cDNA library from an LA-expressing N. uncinatum culture was screened with subtracted cDNA. In BLAST searches, several cDNAs identified had sequence similarities to aspartate kinases, and another with O-acetylhomoserine-(thiol)lyase. Differential expression of these two genes in LA-producing cultures of N. uncinatum …

Teenage Pregnancy: Impact Of The Integral Attention Given To The Pregnant Teenager And Adolescent Mother As A Protective Factor For Repeat Pregnancy, Maria José Carvalho Sant'anna, Kepler Alencar Mendes Carvalho, Amanda Melhado, Verônica Coates, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the integral attention to the health of pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers, having follow-up from the Integral Support Program for the Pregnant Teen (ISPPT), with the intention to determine quality of life and prevent repeat pregnancy. A prospective study comprised 85 adolescents attended by the ISPPT between January 2002 and June 2006 who participated in meetings during pregnancy with a multidisciplinary team that provided orientation concerning family planning, self-esteem, pregnancy prevention, motivation to continue education and/or work, and evaluate the postpartum mother-child relationship. The following were analyzed: education level, …

The Effect Of Cpg-Odn On Antigen Presenting Cells Of The Foal, M. Julia B.F. Flaminio, Alexandre S. Borges, Daryl V. Nydam, David W. Horohov, Rolf Hecker, Mary Beth Matychak

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) has been used successfully to induce immune responses against viral and intracellular organisms in mammals. The main objective of this study was to test the effect of CpG-ODN on antigen presenting cells of young foals.

METHODS: Peripheral blood monocytes of foals (n = 7) were isolated in the first day of life and monthly thereafter up to 3 months of life. Adult horse (n = 7) monocytes were isolated and tested once for comparison. Isolated monocytes were stimulated with IL-4 and GM-CSF (to obtain dendritic cells, DC) or not stimulated (to obtain macrophages). Macrophages and DCs …

Catalytic Cleavage Of Phosphate Ester Bonds By Boron Chelates, David A. Atwood

Chemistry Faculty Patents

Novel chemical compounds are disclosed having the general formula L{YX_m}_n, wherein X is selected from the Group 13 elements, Y is a halide, and L is a chelating ligand containing at least one binding atom contacting the Group 13 element, the atom being selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, and S, and m and n are integers having a value of at least 1. L may be a Schiff base type ligand, such as a salen ligand. The compositions of the present invention may be bidentate, quadridentate, or greater. The compositions may be …

Public Health Performance, F. Douglas Scutchfield Md

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Presentations

No abstract provided.

Replication Fork Regression In Vitro By The Werner Syndrome Protein (Wrn): Holliday Junction Formation, The Effect Of Leading Arm Structure And A Potential Role For Wrn Exonuclease Activity, Amrita Machwe, Liren Xiao, Robert G Lloyd, Edward Bolt, David K. Orren

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

The premature aging and cancer-prone disease Werner syndrome stems from loss of WRN protein function. WRN deficiency causes replication abnormalities, sensitivity to certain genotoxic agents, genomic instability and early replicative senescence in primary fibroblasts. As a RecQ helicase family member, WRN is a DNA-dependent ATPase and unwinding enzyme, but also possesses strand annealing and exonuclease activities. RecQ helicases are postulated to participate in pathways responding to replication blockage, pathways possibly initiated by fork regression. In this study, a series of model replication fork substrates were used to examine the fork regression capability of WRN. Our results demonstrate that WRN catalyzes …

Introductory Lectures On Turbulence: Physics, Mathematics And Modeling, James M. Mcdonough

Mechanical Engineering Textbook Gallery

From Chapter 1:

The understanding of turbulent behavior in flowing fluids is one of the most intriguing, frustrating— and important—problems in all of classical physics.

The problem of turbulence has been studied by many of the greatest physicists and engineers of the 19th and 20th Centuries, and yet we do not understand in complete detail how or why turbulence occurs, nor can we predict turbulent behavior with any degree of reliability, even in very simple (from an engineering perspective) flow situations. Thus, study of turbulence is motivated both by its inherent intellectual challenge and by the practical utility of a …

Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 2006, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Annual Technical Reports (USGS’s 104b Grant Program)

The 2006 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates reporting requirements of the Section 104(b) base grant award into a single techincal report that includes: 1) a synopsis of each student research enhancement project conducted during the period, 2) citations for related reports and presentations, 3) a description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, 5) notable awards and achievements during the year, and 6) publications from prior projects.

Maptogenome: A Comparative Genomic Tool That Aligns Transcript Maps To Sequenced Genomes, Srikrishna Putta, Jeramiah J. Smith, Chuck Staben, S. Randal Voss

Biology Faculty Publications

Efforts to generate whole genome assemblies and dense genetic maps have provided a wealth of gene positional information for several vertebrate species. Comparing the relative location of orthologous genes among these genomes provides perspective on genome evolution and can aid in translating genetic information between distantly related organisms. However, large-scale comparisons between genetic maps and genome assemblies can prove challenging because genetic markers are commonly derived from transcribed sequences that are incompletely and variably annotated. We developed the program MapToGenome as a tool for comparing transcript maps and genome assemblies. MapToGenome processes sequence alignments between mapped transcripts and whole genome …

Approaches To Molecular Imprinting On Polysiloxane Scaffolds, Michael Edward Brown

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Molecular imprinting, a common method used in separations and chromatography to isolate specific molecules via surface binding, has been adapted for applications in biomaterials and related sciences. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of different approaches to molecular imprinting by testing for preferential binding of protein on polysiloxane scaffold surfaces. To test preferential rebinding, the scaffolds were exposed to a mixture of the template protein and a competitor protein with similar size but different chemistry. Lysozyme-imprinted polymers rebound 8.13 0.99% of lysozyme without any competition and 5.1 0.3% of the protein during competition. Lysozyme C peptide …

Human Health Risk Assessment For Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, And Aluminium Hydroxide, Daniel Krewski, Robert A. Yokel, Evert Nieboer, David Borchelt, Joshua Cohen, Jean Harry, Sam Kacew, Joan Lindsay, Amal M. Mahfouz, Virginie Rondeau

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

A compendium is provided of aluminium compounds used in industrial settings, and as pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics and as other household products. Most aluminium compounds are solids exhibiting high melting points. The solubility of aluminium salts is governed by pH, because the aluminium(III)-cation (Al³⁺) has a strong affinity for the hydroxide ion, which promotes precipitation. Like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions, Al³⁺ in most situations seeks out complexing agents with oxygen-atom donor sites such as carboxylate and phosphate groups, including in biological systems. Aluminium oxides, hydroxides and oxyhydroxides occur in numerous crystallographic forms, which exhibit different …

Short-Term Response Of Soil Iron To Nitrate Addition, Christopher J. Matocha, Mark S. Coyne

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

The inhibition of soil Fe(III) reduction by fertilizer NO3 − applications is complex and not completely understood. This inhibition is important to study because of the potential impact on soil physicochemical properties. We investigated the effect of adding NO3 − to a moderately well-drained agricultural soil (Sadler silt loam) under Fe(III)-reducing (anoxic) conditions. Stirred-batch experiments were conducted where NO3 − was added (0.05 and 1 mM) to anoxic slurries and changes in dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III), oxalate-extractable Fe(II), and dissolved NO3 − were monitored as a function of time. Addition of 1 mM NO3 − inhibited Fe(II) production sharply with …

A Novel Endonuclease Activity Associated With The Arabidopsis Ortholog Of The 30-Kda Subunit Of Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specificity Factor, Balasubrahmanyam Addepalli, Arthur G. Hunt

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

The polyadenylation of messenger RNAs is mediated by a multi-subunit complex that is conserved in eukaryotes. Among the most interesting of these proteins is the 30-kDa-subunit of the Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor, or CPSF30. In this study, the Arabidopsis CPSF30 ortholog, AtCPSF30, is characterized. This protein possesses an unexpected endonucleolytic activity that is apparent as an ability to nick and degrade linear as well as circular single-stranded RNA. Endonucleolytic action by AtCPSF30 leaves RNA 3′ ends with hydroxyl groups, as they can be labeled by RNA ligase with [³²P]-cytidine-3′,5′-bisphosphate. Mutations in the first of the three CCCH …

Reviving Lazarus: Status Of The Fda Compliance Defense After Bates V. Dow Agrosciences And The New Fda Regulations, Jason T. Ams

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Sad, Sad Story Of Lula Viers, Richard H. Underwood, Sharon Ray

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

In this article, Professor Richard H. Underwood explores the murder ballad entitled Lula Viers. Lula Viers was from the Appalachia region of Kentucky.

Pharma On The Hot Seat, Nicole Huberfeld

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

The pharmaceutical industry has been receiving greater scrutiny lately due in large part to the many public and private legal enforcement actions taken against pharmaceutical manufacturers. These enforcement actions, along with legal developments such as the OIG Compliance Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act’s statutory guidelines for public corporations, the HIPAA privacy regulations, and the Medicare Modernization Act, have the potential to encourage the pharmaceutical industry to self-regulate beyond the bounds currently required by the law. After a brief overview of enforcement actions and compliance programs directed toward the pharmaceutical industry, this Article reviews a similar situation the hospital …

Role Of Calcium And Nitric Oxide Synthase (Nos) In Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Vidya Nag Nukala

Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience

Mitochondria are essential for promoting cell survival and growth through aerobic metabolism and energy production. Mitochondrial function is typically analyzed using mitochondria freshly isolated from tissues and cells because they yield tightly coupled mitochondria, whereas those from frozen tissue can consist of broken mitochondria and membrane fragments. A method, utilizing a well-characterized cryoprotectant such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), is described. Such mitochondria show preserved structure and function that presents us with a possible strategy to considerably expand the time-frame and the range of biochemical, molecular and metabolic studies that can be performed without the constraints of mitochondrial longevity ex vivo …

Xenobiotic Transporters In Lactating Mammary Epithelial Cells: Predictions For Drug Accumulation In Breast Milk, Philip Earle Empey

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Recent literature has established that breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) is upregulated during lactation and is responsible for the greater than predicted accumulation of many drugs in breast milk. The objectives of this project were (1) to investigate the role of this transporter in the reported apically-directed nitrofurantoin flux in the CIT3 cell culture model of lactation, (2) to develop a mathematical model for drug transfer into breast milk to relate initial flux rates, steady-state concentrations, efflux ratios, and in vivo milk to serum ratios (M/S) and (3) to identify xenobiotic transporters that are highly expressed, and therefore potentially important …

Spectroscopy And Structures Of Cu-Organonitrogen Complexes, Xu Wang

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Copper-organonitrogen complexes are studied by threshold photoionization and zero electron kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy. These complexes are prepared in pulsed laser vaporization supersonic molecular beams. Adiabatic ionization energies of the neutral species and vibrational frequencies of the neutral and ionic complexes were measured. Metal-ligand bond dissociation energies were obtained from the theoretical calculations or the experiments. More importantly, by combining the spectroscopic measurements, quantum chemical calculations, and spectral simulations, metal-ligand bonding structures are determined for copper complexes of diamines, pyridine, diazines, aminopyridines, polypyridines, and imidazole. The Cu-ethylenediamine, -(1,3-propanediamine), and -(1,4-butenediamine) complexes have been determined to be in a hydrogen-bond stabilized …

The Design And Synthesis Of Novel Chelates For The Precipitation Of Mercury, Aaron Robert Hutchison

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Mercury has been an element of great industrial importance since early times.This wide utilization of the element has led to pervasive mercury contamination in theglobal environment. Due to mercury's high toxicity, this is a matter of great concern. Anumber of methods, includ ing phytoremediation, filtration, and precipitation/chelation,have been investigated to remove mercury from the environment. Unfortunately, thesemethods are not entirely satisfactory for the in-situ remediation of mercury from aqueousenvironments.The hypothesis of this dissertation is that this can best be accomplished by theaddition of a large and flexible sulfur-based chelate, that will bind mercury in atetracoordinate and presumably tetrahedral environment, to …