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Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 2005, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Annual Technical Reports (USGS’s 104b Grant Program)

The 2005 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates reporting requirements of the Section 104(b) base grant award in a single technical report that includes: 1) a synopsis of each research project supported during the period, 2) related reports and publications, 3) a description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable achievements and awards during the year.

2006 Kentucky River Watershed Watch Sampling Results, Malissa Mcalister, Lindell Ormsbee

Kentucky River Watershed Watch

No abstract provided.

Iaald: The First Fifty Years, Antoinette Paris Greider

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Turning Jails Into Prisons—Collateral Damage From Kentucky's War On Crime, Robert G. Lawson

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

The primary purpose of this article is to scrutinize Kentucky's ever-increasing reliance on local jails for the incarceration of state prisoners. This objective cannot be achieved without an examination of the problems that compel counties and cities to allow (and even encourage) the state to capture their jails for this use. The first half of the article (Parts I-IV) provides general information about jails (including some pertinent history), contains a detailed description of jail functions (including some that have descended upon jails by default), and concludes with a discussion of what the state has done over two decades to convert …

The Speciation Of Metals In Mammals Influences Their Toxicokinetics And Toxicodynamics And Therefore Human Health Risk Assessment, Robert A. Yokel, Stephen M. Lasley, David C. Dorman

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Chemical form (i.e., species) can influence metal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and should be considered to improve human health risk assessment. Factors that influence metal speciation (and examples) include: (1) carrier-mediated processes for specific metal species (arsenic, chromium, lead and manganese), (2) valence state (arsenic, chromium, manganese and mercury), (3) particle size (lead and manganese), (4) the nature of metal binding ligands (aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, and manganese), (5) whether the metal is an organic versus inorganic species (arsenic, lead, and mercury), and (6) biotransformation of metal species (aluminum, arsenic, chromium, lead, manganese and mercury). The influence of speciation on metal …

Turning Jails Into Prisons--Collateral Damage From Kentucky's "War On Crime", Robert G. Lawson

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Air Exchange Rate In A Horse Trailer During Road Transport, Joseph L. Purswell, Richard S. Gates, Laurie M. Lawrence, Jamey D. Jacob, Timothy S. Stombaugh, Robert J. Coleman

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Horses traveling by road commonly experience heat stress conditions and poor air quality, which may be caused by insufficient ventilation; however, there are few estimates of air exchange in a horse trailer during transport. Air exchange rate was measured at ten locations within a four-horse trailer (internal volume 18.5 m³) using tracer gas decay measurement to assess the adequacy of ventilation. Three vehicle speeds (13, 48, and 97 km h^-1) and three window configurations (all windows and roof vents closed, all windows open, all windows open and roof vents open forward) were tested with and without …

Epoxygenase Expression In Soybean And Biological Effects Of Epoxy Fatty Acids, Purnima Kamlakar Wagh

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Epoxy fatty acids (EXA) are valuable to industry as they are used in synthesizing plasticizers such as of poly vinyl chloride, resins, adhesives, coating materials such as paint, lubricant, lubricant additives, insecticides, insect repellants, crop oil concentrates and formulations of carriers for slow release pesticides and herbicides. There is interest in developing commercial oilseeds accumulating epoxy fatty acids to at least 50% of the seed oil. Soybeans are the most widely cultivated oilseed and its oil has high levels of linoleic acid which can be a substrate for epoxygenase enzymes. Cahoon et al., expressed a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP726A1) from …

The Development Of Colletotrichum Graminicola Inside Maize Stalk Tissues, Claire Marie-Pierre Venard

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Colleotrichum graminicola is the causal agent of anthracnose stalk rot, and is one of the most common and aggressive pathogens of maize. The goal of my Ph.D. project was to contribute to a better understanding of the biology of the interaction between C. graminicola and its host. C. graminicola produces two type of asexual spores: one is produced on the surface of infected tissues and is thought to be involved in the spread of the disease in the field. The second type of spore, oval in shape, is produced inside the infected plant tissues, and was believed to be involved …

Localization Of Diplodia Pinea In Diseased And Latently-Infected Pinus Nigra, Jennifer Lee Flowers

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Diplodia pinea causes Diplodia tip blight on more than 30 different pine species. During the past 10 years, Diplodia tip blight has emerged as a serious problem in landscape and Christmas tree farms in this region. Surveys of diseased and symptomless Austrian pines revealed that latent infections of symptomless shoots by D. pinea were common. Latent infections may account for the recently observed rapid decline of mildly diseased pines in our region. To investigate the colonization habits of D. pinea within its host, molecular cytology was attempted and traditional histology was performed on naturally infected, diseased and asymptomatic Austrian pine …

Unreimbursed Emergency Department Costs Incurred By Hispanic Workers And Their Dependents In Central Kentucky, Sandra L. Senft

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Health care costs in the United States are a concern to policy makers, healthcare providers, and the population using medical services. Because fewer individuals have health insurance, as costs continue to rise, so have the levels of charity care provided through the Emergency Departments at many hospitals. Hispanics are a growing population thought to be receiving an increasing portion of this care. The Hispanic population in Kentucky has seen a significant increase in recent years, in large part because of the demand for agricultural workers. It has been established that a sizeable part of the Hispanic migrant worker community is …

Financial Efficiency In The Nonprofit Sector: An Analysis Of Factors Affecting Expense Ratios Of Kentucky Nonprofits, Emily A. Lane

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Statement of Problem

Recent events in both the public and private sectors have lead to an environment of mistrust and caution surrounding the way organizations are managed and funds are handled. For the nonprofit sector, this has led to an emergence of charity rating or watchdog organizations and increased scrutiny of finances. Individual donors, charity rating agencies, and funding institutions have begun using expense ratios as a measure of financial efficiency. Decisions on the financial efficiency of organizations are being made without a good understanding of what factors affect these ratios.

Research Questions

The purpose of this paper is to …

Spectral Reflectance Of Canopies Of Rainfed And Subsurface Irrigated Alfalfa, Dennis Wayne Hancock

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The site-specific management of alfalfa has not been well-evaluated, despite the economic importance of this crop. The objectives of this work were to i) characterize the effects of soil moisture deficits on alfalfa and alfalfa yield components and ii) evaluate the use of canopy reflectance patterns in measuring treatment-induced differences in alfalfa yield. A randomized complete block design with five replicates of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and rainfed treatments of alfalfa was established at the University of Kentucky Animal Research Center in 2003. Potassium, as KCl, was broadcast on split-plots on 1 October 2004 at 0, 112, 336, and 448 …

The Thiol Redox System In Oxldl-Induced Macrophage Injury, Yanmei Wang

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Macrophage death is likely to contribute to the transformation of fatty streaks into advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Previous work in the laboratory showed that OxLDL promotes cell death in human macrophages by a mechanism involving intracellular peroxide formation. Here we show that glutathione depletion induced by OxLDL occurs independent of peroxyl radical formation. Our data suggest that the depletion of glutathione is the fundamental defect that renders macrophages susceptible to OxLDL-induced cell injury, but alone is not sufficient to kill macrophages. We indicate that increased protein-Sglutathionylation is involved in OxLDL-induced macrophage death. A potentiation of OxLDL toxicity was observed in macrophages …

Manipulation Of Thinness And Restricting Expectancies: Further Evidence For A Causal Role Of Thinness And Restricting Expectancies In The Etiology Of Eating Disorders, Agnes M. Annus

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Eating disorder expectancy theory proposes a causal role for expectancies for reinforcement from thinness. The authors conducted an experimental test of that hypothesis. Undergraduate college women (N = 154) were randomized to either a psychoeducational control of proven effectiveness or an experimental manipulation of thinness and restricting expectancies. Participants in each condition attended three experimental sessions and one, follow-up session, each one week apart. For both groups, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, purging frequency, and binge eating frequency declined over the course of the study. In addition, the thinness expectancy manipulation produced greater declines in thinness expectancies, body dissatisfaction, and purging …

Using Ndvi As A Pasture Management Tool, Ernest Scott Flynn

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Maintaining forage availability is challenging for managers of grazing systems, especially in spatially heterogeneous swards. Remote sensing may help to overcome this problem. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine a method by which NDVI may be calibrated to estimate biomass, (ii) determine if NDVI can be used to assess spatial variability of yield in extensive grasslands, and (iii) to determine if NDVI can be used to evaluate grazing systems. We found that the calibration of NDVI values for the estimation of biomass was better correlated with the destructive harvesting procedure (R2 = 0.68) but far more laborious …

Interactions Of Avg, Mcp And Heat Treatment On Apple Fruit Ripening And Quality After Harvest And Cold Storage, Valeria Sigal-Escalada

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The effects of AVG, an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, in combination with MCP or heat treatment (HT) on quality traits of several apple cultivars after harvest (AH) or cold storage (ACS), and the involvement of ethylene in the regulation of SDH activity during the last weeks of fruit development were studied. AVG was applied to Royal Gala, Lodi, Senshu, Redchief Delicious and Red Fuji trees 4 weeks before normal harvest (H1). Control and AVG-treated (AVG) fruit were harvested at H1 and treated with MCP or air-heated. Fruit were ripened at room temperature (RT) AH or ACS. Some AVG fruit were …

Ecological Weed Management For Organic Farming Systems, Derek M. Law

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Two field studies examining direct ecological weed control practices were conducted in Lexington, Kentucky. The first evaluated weed control efficacy and influence on yields of several mulches in two organically-managed bell pepper (Capsicum annum) production systems for two years. Peppers were planted in double rows in flat, bare ground or on black polyethylene-covered raised beds with drip irrigation, and four mulches (straw, compost, wood chips, and undersown white dutch clover (Trifolium repens L.) living mulch) were applied to the two production systems. In both years, polyethylene-covered raised beds produced higher yields than the flat, bare ground system. In the second …

Dietary Lysine:Calorie Ratios And Their Influence On Nitrogen Metabolism And Digestibility In Moderately Obese Mature Dogs, Trista Reeder

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

This experiment was conducted to determine if changing the amount of ideal aminoacids (meaning the amount of amino acids necessary to supply all the animal's needswithout excesses or deficiencies of any single amino acid), in relation to caloric intakewill change nitrogen metabolism and weight loss in obese mature dogs. Informationprovided by this experiment can be used to formulate canine diets emphasizing weightloss in older animals.Six moderately obese mature female crossbred hounds were fed diets varying in theirratio of lysine:calories (Lysine % : Mcal ME/g) (2.2, 3.0, and 3.8) in a 3 x 3 replicatedLatin square design. Increasing the lysine:calorie of …

Trade Liberalization And Division Of Labor: Implications For Poverty In China, Xuehua Peng

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The concomitance of prosperity and poverty come as an enigma in today's world.As some people in this world benefit greatly from advanced technologies andglobalization, others are still suffering heavily from poverty. One noticeable fact is thatalmost all developing countries have their own distinguished "poor area". Such poorareas seem to persist regardless of robust economic growth enjoyed by the overalleconomy.By decomposing the developing country into two regions, one rich coastal regionand one poor inland region, this research establishes a new classical general equilibrium3X2 Ricardian model to investigate how trade liberalization will affect the participationin the division of labor by poor individuals …

Cloning And Expression Of Key Endocrine Genes In A Study On Estrogen Stimulated Sexual Size Dimorphism (Ssd) In Yellow Perch, Scott George Lynn

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exhibit an estrogen stimulated sexual sizedimorphism (SSD) wherein females grow faster and larger than males. In an effort togain better understanding of this phenomenon, several genes associated with sexualdevelopment, reproduction and growth were cloned, including prolactin (PRL),somatolactin (SL), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-Ib), the estrogen receptors (ER?? andER??a) and ovarian aromatase (CYP19A1). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assaysfor all the genes listed above, plus growth hormone (GH), were developed to measuremRNA levels in pituitary, liver and ovary.Adult fish were collected from Lake Erie in the spring (May) and autumn(October) over two years and tissue mRNA levels, body weight, …

Influences Of Host Size And Host Quality On Host Use In A Seed-Feeding Beetle, Angela Rocío Amarillo-Suárez

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

For insects that develop inside discrete hosts both host size and host quality constrain offspring growth, influencing the evolution of body size and life history traits. This dissertation examines the effects of host size, host quality, and intraspecific competition on life history and associated traits of populations of the seed-feeding beetle S. limbatus adapted to different host plants, and quantifies population differences in phenotypic plasticity. Populations of the study correspond to divergent clades of the species phylogeography (Colombia and United States).

Clades compared differ genetically for all traits when beetles were raised in a common garden. Contrary to expectations from …

Nutritional Approach To Mineral Over-Supplementation In Grow-Finish Pigs: Organic Trace Minerals And Phosphorus Body Accretion, Aitor Balfagón-Romeo

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The initial study herein assessed mineral digestibility in situations when reducedamounts of inorganic and organic (proteinates) trace minerals (TM) were fed in finishingpigs, and their long-term effects on body mineral status. The second study was aslaughter-investigation that tested the impact of lean growth potential on phosphorusbody accretion from 30 to 110 kg.Organic TM exhibited neither improvement in digestibility nor in total retention;fecal excretion responded quantitatively to mineral intake independently of the source.Contents of copper in kidney and zinc in liver were higher for pigs fed the organic form.Phosphorus content was linearly related to live weight, empty body weight, andnitrogen content. …

Evaluation Of Stature Development During Childhood And Adolescence In Individuals With Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets, Mauro M. S. Borghi, Verônica Coates, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This review was conducted to study the diagnosis, treatment, and growth progression in infants and adolescents with familial hypophosphatemic rickets. The bibliographic search was carried out utilizing the electronic databases MEDLINE, OVID, and LILACS and by direct research within the last 15 years using the keywords rickets, familial hypophosphatemia, vitamin D deficiency, stature growth, childhood, and adolescence. Article selection was done by comparing the evaluation of the growth in patients with familial hypophosphatemic rickets, including the variables that might affect them, for possible future therapeutic proposals. It is concluded that the most significant fact in the treatment of familial hypophosphatemic …

Agricultural Situation And Outlook Fall 2005, Matt Ernst, Kenneth H. Burdine

Agricultural Situation and Outlook

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Dietary Curcumin Or N-Acetylcysteine On Nf-Kappab Activity And Contractile Performance In Ambulatory And Unloaded Murine Soleus, Mehran Farid, Michael B. Reid, Yi-Ping Li, Eric Gerken, William J. Durham

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Unloading of skeletal muscle causes atrophy and loss of contractile function. In part, this response is believed to be mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). Both curcumin, a component of the spice turmeric, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, inhibit activation of NF-kappaB by inflammatory stimuli, albeit by different mechanisms. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary curcumin or NAC supplementation would inhibit unloading-induced NF-kappaB activity in skeletal muscle and thereby protect muscles against loss of mass and function caused by prolonged unloading.

METHODS: We used hindlimb suspension to unload the hindlimb muscles of …

Composition And Methods Of Using The Mirabilis Mosaic Caulimovirus Sub-Genomic Transcript (Sgt) Promoter For Plant Genetic Engineering, Indu B. Maiti, Nrisingha Dey

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Patents

The isolation of and methods of using a sub-genomic transcript (Sgt) promoter from Mirabilis mosaic virus (MMV) are described. A 333 bp MMV Sgt promoter fragment (sequence−306 to +27 from the transcription start site, TSS) was found to be sufficient for strongest promoter activity. This MMV Sgt promoter fragment shows comparable promoter activity to the MMV FLt promoter both in transgenic plants and in protoplasts. The MMV Sgt promoter also demonstrates much greater activity compared to Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 19S promoter and 35S promoter. The MMV Sgt promoter fragment and any chimeric gene to which it may be linked …

Spatial Variation Of Protein, Oil, And Starch In Corn, Samuel G. Mcneill, Michael D. Montross, Scott A. Shearer

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Significant spatial yield variations are known to exist in cornfields with different soil types, topsoil depth, and other variables. Similarly, variations might also be found among the highly valued chemical components (oil, protein, and starch) in corn kernels due to local differences in soil type, fertility, acidity/pH, organic matter, etc. This study quantified the spatial variability of protein, oil, and starch content of corn from two conventional cornfields and two high-oil cornfields. Whole ears were harvested by hand from 20 to 40 randomly selected locations within each field. A differential global positioning system (DGPS) receiver recorded the location of each …

Forage News [2005-06], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• UK College of Agriculture Research Farm Celebrates 50 Years
• Maintaining Healthy Horse Pastures (New Poster)
• Barren County Continued as Cattle Capital of Kentucky
• Toward Higher Quality Hay
• Harvest and Storage Method Affects Ergot Alkaloid Concentration in Tall Fescue
• Intake, Digestion, and N Metabolism in Steers Fed Endophyte-Free, Ergot Alkaloid-Producing Endophyte-Infected, or Nonergot-Alkaloid Producing Endophyte-Infected Fescue Hay
• Upcoming Events

Prospects For Coal Ash In The Management Of Australian Soils, I. A.M. Yunusa, D. Eamus, D. L. De Silva, B. R. Murray

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.