Digital Commons Network^™

The Influence Of Time On Food Intake Patterns: Age, Period, Cohort Differences, Karina L. Christopher

Theses and Dissertations--Gerontology

The impact of diet and exercise on overall health and chronic disease risk has been well examined. Multiple studies show that Americans eat more now than they did fifty years ago. What isn’t known is how much of an impact time has on food intake patterns of individuals in terms of different age groups, historic periods of structural influences, and birth cohorts.

In order to identify the impact of time on food intake this study examined time from multiple perspectives. The first aim of this study was to determine food intake patterns among age groups across five time periods using …

The Nature Of Equality: Promoting Environmental Justice In Kentucky Via The Fair Housing Act, Nicole Zub

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Social Technology & The Origins Of Popular Philanthropy, Brian L. Frye

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

The prevailing theory of charity law holds that the charitable contribution deduction is justified because it solves market and government failures in charitable goods by compensating for free riding on charitable contributions. This Article argues that many market and government failures in charitable goods are actually caused by transaction costs, and that social technology can solve those market and government failures by reducing transaction costs. Specifically, it shows that in the early twentieth century, the social technology of charity chain letters solved market and government failures in charitable contributions and facilitated the emergence of popular philanthropy.

Modeling The Compressibility Behavior Of Hard Red Wheat Varieties, Aaron P. Turner, Michael D. Montross, Samuel G. Mcneill, Michael P. Sama, Mark E. Casada, Josephine M. Boac, Rumela Bhadra, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, Sidney A. Thompson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The bulk density of grain in a storage structure varies vertically and horizontally due to the overburden pressure created by the cumulative weight of the overlying material. As the overburden pressure increases, the stored material compacts. This compaction is believed to be caused by rearrangement of kernels along with higher intergranular stress between particles, leading to kernel deformation. This compaction is of primary concern when estimating the amount of grain in a storage structure. In this comprehensive study, confined uniaxial compression tests were conducted on 27 different samples of hard red winter wheat, at three moisture levels, over the range …

Home Vegetable Gardening In Kentucky [2016], Richard Durham, Shubin Saha, John Strang, Mark A. Williams, Shawn Wright, Ricardo Bessin, Brad Lee, Emily Pfeufer

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Every aspiring gardener should follow seven steps to have a successful gardening season:

1. Plan your garden on paper before you begin.
2. Select a good gardening site that is:
   a. in full sun for at least eight hours each day,
   b. relatively level,
   c. well‑drained,
   d. close to a water source,
   e. dries quickly from morning dew.
3. Prepare the soil properly, conduct a soil test, and add fertilizer and lime according to U.K. test result recommendations.
4. Plan only as large a garden as you can easily maintain. Beginning gardeners often overplant, and then they fail because they cannot keep up with …

A Summary Of The Kentucky River Watershed Watch 2016 Water Sampling Results, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

Kentucky River Watershed Watch

No abstract provided.

Why Did The Organic Chicken Cross The Road? To See The Proposed Livestock Welfare Rules In The National Organic Program, Kael Bowling

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Protecting Kentucky's Honey Bees: What's Killing The Buzz, Why It Matters, And What We Can Do To Help, Christine M. Ficker

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Communicating Social Support: Understanding Complexities Of Breastfeeding Communication Among African American Mothers, Nicole Rachael Peritore

Theses and Dissertations--Communication

Breast milk is the best choice for meeting the nutritional needs for an infant whenever possible. Despite the knowledge that this nutritional choice is the best choice for an infant, data demonstrates that there is a sharp decline in the rates of breastfeeding mothers. Among African Americans, breastfeeding rates are significantly lower than the national averages. Despite many of the applications of social support in communication research, there is a gap in knowledge on the social support systems in the context of breastfeeding, especially for African Americans. With the social ecological model as a framework, social support theory provides understanding …

Behavioral Modification Program To Control Obesity Among School Children In Knott County, Kentucky, Samjhana Shakya

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Childhood obesity is one of the major public health concerns in the United States (US). Obese children have a greater likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease risk factors such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, and impaired blood glucose[7].The prevalence of obesity among children 2 to 5 years of age in Kentucky was 15.7% (US average 8.4%) and 17.6% (US average 17%) among adolescents in Kentucky being higher than the national averages [8,3].

A major goal of the Behavioral Modification Program is to promote healthy behaviors among elementary school children to control obesity by modifying eating, physical activity and screen time …

Enough Smoke: Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation Program In Owsley County, Kentucky, Meghan Fay Johnson

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

In 1964, the first United States (U.S.) Surgeon General’s Report explicitly stating the dangers of smoking, including an increased risk of lung cancer, was released. Fifty years later, the U.S. continues to carry the significant health and economic burdens for failing to heed this public health warning. Owsley County, Kentucky, located in the heart of the Appalachian is one of the most impoverished and medically underserved counties in the U.S., ranking last in almost every category of overall health outcomes in the state. The county is also entirely rural, with no major cities within an 80-mile radius. In every health …

Towards Determination Of The Threonine Requirement Of Yearling Horses Fed Varying Dietary Compositions Using The Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method, Kelsey M. Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The amino acid requirements of growing horses are currently unknown, and studies suggest that threonine is a limiting amino acid in common horse diets. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the threonine requirement of growing horses fed two different forage to concentrate ratios using the indicator amino acid oxidation method. The study consisted of a high concentrate phase (HC; 60% concentrate and 40% forage) and a high forage phase (HF; 25% concentrate and 75% forage). Within each phase, 6 female yearling Thoroughbred horses were randomly assigned each of 6 dietary treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin …

Effects Of Dietary Amino Acid Supplementation On Measures Of Whole-Body And Muscle Protein Metabolism In Aged Horses, Christine M. Latham

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Sarcopenia is a condition that is most common in aged animals, and is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and integrity, and can lead to physical disability and poor quality of life. Since skeletal muscle protein synthesis can be limited by the availability of amino acids, supplementation of limiting amino acids to ameliorate the progression of sarcopenia has become a topic of interest in companion animal research. Although there is some data to support the idea that amino acid supplementation improves maintenance of muscle mass in aged horses, the cellular mechanisms behind that improvement have yet to be …

Relationships Between Behavioral Measures And Productivity In Finishing Beef Cattle, Jasmyn Mimiko

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The relationship between measures of temperament, growth performance, and social hierarchy in finishing beef cattle were explored in two experiments. In experiment 1, high OCS (objective chute score) steers had periods of significantly higher ADG (P < 0.01), but OCS had no relationship with dominance ranking (P > 0.47). Conversely, slow exit velocity (EV) correlated with higher ranking (P ≤ 0.06), but EV had no relationship with performance (P > 0.37) in a competitive environment. Rank showed no relationship with performance (P > .58). In experiment 2, steers with fast EV had periods of decreased growth (P ≤ .06), intake (P ≤ .06), and gain:feed (G:F; P = 0.02). There were no interactions between …

Specialty Poultry Production: Impact Of Genotype, Feed Strategies, Alternative Feedstuffs, And Dietary Enzymes On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Heritage Breed Chickens, Tatijana Fisher

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

There is a growing market for specialty poultry production using alternative genotypes and management systems. However, producers interested in specialty poultry production face several challenges. One challenge is that little published data exists regarding the growth and production parameters for alternative genotypes like slow-growing meat strains and heritage breeds. To address this challenge, research at the University of Kentucky examined the effect of feed strategies, alternative feedstuffs, and dietary enzymes on the growth and performance of heritage breeds of chicken used for either egg- or meat-production. The first trial documented the growth and nutrient intake of pullets from three heritage …

Legitimacy Of Local Food In The U.S. Market: Comparative Consumer Perspectives, Ali Asgari

Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics

Measures of legitimacy have been described in terms of four legitimacy types, regulatory, normative, cognitive, and industry. This study provides one of the first and only empirical examinations of legitimacy, particularly with an application to local foods and sheds light on how consumers view various types of legitimacy related to local food. To apply the concept of legitimacy to local foods marketing, we take an empirical survey asking about consumer perspectives of local food, along with different shopping behavior questions.

Using cumulative logit models, results of the legitimacy models suggest that core consumers are more likely to place a high …

Demand For Pork And Meat In China, Hao Dong

Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics

As the per capita disposable income increases, the demand for meat is boosting in China. Pork, accounting for the largest part of Chinese meat consumption, plays an important role in meat demand in China. This study use data collected from a 2014 survey on Chinese meat consumption; four widely different Chinese cities, Beijing, Changsha, Tianjin and Wuhan are selected to provide a more complete view of Chinese pork and meat demand. We use both OLS model and Tobit model to analyze the effects of consumers' socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, income, and education on pork and meat demand. Results …

Effects Of Landscape, Intraguild Interactions, And A Neonicotinoid On Natural Enemy And Pest Interactions In Soybeans, Hannah J. Penn

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Demand for food, fuel, and fiber has been increasing, escalating the intensification of agriculture during the past fifty years. A more comprehensive understanding of the impact of landscapes on sustainable agriculture production is required to meet the continual increase in human demand. This not only includes how chemical inputs are used but also how cultivated and surrounding landscapes are managed for ecosystem services. This research explains how land cover on landscape and farm scales impact ant and spider-mediated pest suppression. I successfully developed and optimized molecular methods to test ant gut contents from both laboratory and field-caught specimens. A multi-year …

Breastfeeding Practices Among Native Hawaiians And Pacific Islanders, Ingrid K. Adams, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Akilah Dulin Keita, Ana Maria Linares, Keiko Tanaka, Joshua R. Polanin, Annie Koempel

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Background. Breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of obesity in the early and adult years. Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) experience high rates of obesity which is often obfuscated with aggregated data. Using disaggregated data, we examined breastfeeding practices among NHPI. Methods. Seven databases and reference lists were searched. Two independent researchers extracted relevant studies based on predetermined criteria. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria and a meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects, inverse-various weighted models. Results. Few studies disaggregated NHPI populations when examining breastfeeding practices. Most studies were cross-sectional and our search yielded no randomized or quasirandomized control …

Injuries Among Security And Law Enforcement Personnel In The Private Versus Public Sectors, William S. Witt

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background and Objectives: Data collected through workers’ compensation may be useful for occupational injury surveillance. This study examined whether differences existed between the public and private sectors of the security and law enforcement industry in Kentucky.

Methods: Using a cross-­‐sectional design, workers’ compensation data from the Kentucky Department of Workers’ Claims was analyzed to evaluate differences in demographic and injury characteristics, as well as award outcomes, stratified by industry sector. The dataset included all workers’ compensation first reports of injury and claims filed by security and law enforcement personnel in Kentucky from 2005 to 2015. Statistical analyzes included chi-­‐square and …

Eat Well, Keep Moving: Decreasing Childhood Obesity In Fulton County, Kentucky, Sandra Onekhena

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

With the high rates of childhood obesity in Fulton County, the Purchase District Health Department proposes the implementation of the Eat Well and Keep Moving Program in all the county’s elementary schools among fourth and fifth graders. It is an interdisciplinary, evidence-based program that will be aimed at our short-term goal of increasing knowledge about nutrition and physical activity and inspiring positive behavioral change. It works by integrating lessons and activities about proper nutrition and activity into various aspects of the children’s lives — in the classroom, cafeteria, at home and in the community. We hope to see children move …

Retrospective Frames Of Disability: Themes Derived From Parents Of Children Who Grew Up With Congenital Disability, Sheryl L. Holt

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Introduction: For children born with physical disabilities, the perspectives and actions of their parents prove significant to their childhood developmental outcomes clinically, educationally, socially, and with regard to community participation. The lived world and perceptions of parents who have children with disabilities however is not well investigated. This study sought to understand parents’ framing of theirs and their children’s disability experiences. Family systems together with family systems intervention models, and disability theory were used to provide structure to interview instrumentation and subsequent analysis. Child-centered and ecologic influences were also used to track the transformative processes over time that infuses parental …

Incorporating Machine Vision In Precision Dairy Farming Technologies, Anthony N. Shelley

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

The inclusion of precision dairy farming technologies in dairy operations is an area of increasing research and industry direction. Machine vision based systems are suitable for the dairy environment as they do not inhibit workflow, are capable of continuous operation, and can be fully automated. The research of this dissertation developed and tested 3 machine vision based precision dairy farming technologies tailored to the latest generation of RGB+D cameras. The first system focused on testing various imaging approaches for the potential use of machine vision for automated dairy cow feed intake monitoring. The second system focused on monitoring the gradual …

Adolescent Methylphenidate Treatment Differentially Alters Adult Impulsivity And Hyperactivity In The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Model Of Adhd, Sucharita S. Somkuwar, Kathleen M. Kantak, Michael T. Bardo, Linda P. Dwoskin

Psychology Faculty Publications

Impulsivity and hyperactivity are two facets of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Impulsivity is expressed as reduced response inhibition capacity, an executive control mechanism that prevents premature execution of an intermittently reinforced behavior. During methylphenidate treatment, impulsivity and hyperactivity are decreased in adolescents with ADHD, but there is little information concerning levels of impulsivity and hyperactivity in adulthood after adolescent methylphenidate treatment is discontinued. The current study evaluated impulsivity, hyperactivity as well as cocaine sensitization during adulthood after adolescent methylphenidate treatment was discontinued in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) model of ADHD. Treatments consisted of oral methylphenidate (1.5 mg/kg) or water …

Effect Of Vitamins C And E On Endothelial Function In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Rachel-Marie Cazeau, Hong Huang, John A. Bauer, Robert P. Hoffman

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives. Endothelial dysfunction due to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage is an important predictor of future cardiovascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and is present in adolescent T1DM. We hypothesized that combined treatment with the antioxidant vitamins C and E might improve endothelial function (EF) and other biochemical risk factors in adolescents with T1DM. Subjects/Methods. Open-label antioxidant supplementation was given for six weeks with endpoint measurements collected at baseline and study completion. Endpoints measured included EF and plasma measurements of biochemical endothelial risk. Results. Two males and 7 females were studied. Mean age was 12.9 ± 0.9 yrs; …

Effect Of Metformin On Body Mass Index In Adolescent Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Alissa Briggs, Mandakini Sadhir, Maya Todd, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with obesity, insulin resistance, irregular menstrual periods and pelvic pain. Treatment involves hormonal methods for regulation of menstrual cycle, lifestyle changes and metformin for improving insulin resistance and weight. The aim of our study was to compare changes in body mass index (BMI) of adolescent female with PCOS treated with metformin as compared to lifestyle modification only. Participants: Adolescent and young adult females aged I0-25 years diagnosed with PCOS seen for at least two visits for at least one year on the same treatment. Based on treatment plan, participants were categorized as metformin …

Incidence Of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma By Residential Proximity To Superfund Sites In Kentucky: A Multivariate Analysis, William Brent Webber

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is a category of cancers that arise from the lymphocytes of the immune system. The rates of NHL in the United States and Kentucky began to rise in the mid-20th Century, shortly after the manufacture, use, and disposal of numerous chemical substances began to increase during and after the Second World War. While the etiology of NHL is not fully known, there are several chemical substances for which evidence exists of a possible link between exposures and development of NHL and other cancers. Several of these substances are also present in sites within Kentucky designated by the …

Birth Cohort Effects In Risk Factors For Alzheimer’S Disease, Kingsley Uzodinma

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of birth cohort effects by exploring differences in established risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia using case-control designs and also estimate the AD risk among women with respect to their number of biological children.

Methods: This is a case control study design of participants born in 1896 – 1955 and were enrolled in one of the designated Alzheimer’s disease centers (ADCs). The uniform Data Set of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating center (NACC) include those who had Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment (cases) and were …

The Utilization Of Models Of Care Transition To Reduce Medicare Beneficiaries’ Hospital Readmission Rates In Kentucky: A Case Study, Audra Putt

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Problem: Unsuccessful care transitions for Medicare beneficiaries have resulted in high health expenditures and a diminished quality of care as the 30-day hospital readmission rate has increased. This has prompted the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to require hospitals with high readmission rates to pay penalties. As a result, the Community-based Care Transitions Program was established under Section 3026 of the Affordable Care Act to provide health organizations funding to utilize models of care transition to improve the care transition process. The purpose of this capstone project was to identify whether two community-based organization programs, the Kentucky Appalachian Transition …

Drink Switch Program In South La Schools, Lauren Barker

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Sugary drinks, including sports and energy drinks, are the number one source of added sugar in the American diet.1 Excess sugar consumption can lead to health complications such as overweight and obesity, and obesity-related chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease.2 Sugary drink consumption among youth in Los Angeles is particularly high, and teenagers in Service Planning Area (SPA) 6 of Los Angeles have some of the highest consumption rates in the county, with one out of two reporting consuming at least one sugary drink per day.3 Based on the correlation between sugar consumption and health, …