Digital Commons Network^™

Associations Of Circulating Dimethylarginines With The Metabolic Syndrome In The Framingham Offspring Study, Ibrahim Musa Yola, Carlee Moser, Meredith S. Duncan, Edzard Schwedhelm, Dorothee Atzler, Renke Maas, Juliane Hannemann, Rainer H. Böger, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Vanessa Xanthakis

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Circulating levels of the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), are positively associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in cross-sectional investigations. It is unclear if circulating ADMA and other methylarginines are associated with incident MetS prospectively.

METHODS: We related circulating ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-arginine (ARG) concentrations (measured with a validated tandem mass spectrometry assay) and the ARG/ADMA ratio to MetS and its components in 2914 (cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression; mean age 58 years, 55% women) and 1656 (prospective analysis, Cox regression; mean age 56 years, 59% women) individuals from the Framingham Offspring Study …

Fusion And Beyond: Satellite Cell Contributions To Loading-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptation, Kevin A. Murach, Christopher S. Fry, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Satellite cells support adult skeletal muscle fiber adaptations to loading in numerous ways. The fusion of satellite cells, driven by cell-autonomous and/or extrinsic factors, contributes new myonuclei to muscle fibers, associates with load-induced hypertrophy, and may support focal membrane damage repair and long-term myonuclear transcriptional output. Recent studies have also revealed that satellite cells communicate within their niche to mediate muscle remodeling in response to resistance exercise, regulating the activity of numerous cell types through various mechanisms such as secretory signaling and cell–cell contact. Muscular adaptation to resistance and endurance activity can be initiated and sustained for a period of …

Leaf Appearance Rate In Brachiaria Decumbens Grown In Nitrogen And Potassium Rates, M. D. C. Ferragine, F. A. Monteiro, S. C. Da Silva

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A greenhouse experiment was carried out with Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk grown in nutrient solution. Five nitrogen rates (42; 140; 238; 336 and 434 mg/L) and three potassium rates (78; 234 and 390 mg/L) were studied in a factorial experiment, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Green leaf number was evaluated in six times in the first period of growth (27, 30, 33, 36, 39 and 42 days after transplanting) and nine times in the second period (45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66 and 69 days after transplanting). Data was registered in three plants …

Morphogenesis And Defoliation Frequency Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) And Paspalum Urvillei In Lowland Under Three Levels Of P And K, Fernando L. F. De Quadros, A. G. S. Pigatto, D. G. Bandinelli, E. Marchezan, Marta G. Da Rocha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This trial was conducted to evaluate growth dynamics and defoliation frequency of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Paspalum urvillei in a lowland area under three levels of P and K. Using randomization tests we observed that, in a general way, fertilizer treatments were not the determinant factors of leaf appearance and elongation rates for both species. Only the leaf appearance rate of Paspalum urvillei at 100 % of recommendation level and the elongation rate for Italian ryegrass, in the same treatment, was different. Probably other factors, like drainage, are contributing to these results. I. ryegrass phyllochron ranged from …

Knowledge And Beliefs Associated With Environmental Health Literacy: A Case Study Focused On Toxic Metals Contamination Of Well Water, Kathleen M. Gray, Victoria Triana, Marti Lindsey, Benjamin Richmond, Anna G. Hoover, Chris Wiesen

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Environmental health literacy (EHL) is developing as a framework that can inform educational interventions designed to facilitate individual and collective action to protect health, yet EHL measurement poses several challenges. While some studies have measured environmental health knowledge resulting from interventions, few have incorporated skills and self-efficacy. In this study, a process-focused EHL instrument was developed, using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) health literacy instrument as a model and tailoring it for the context of private well contamination with toxic metals. Forty-seven (47) participants, including undergraduate students and residents of communities with contaminated well water, piloted a prototype EHL instrument …

Effect Of Temperature On Phenology In Triple-Awned Grass (Stipagrostis Plumosa), Hossein Azarnivand, H. Dastmalchi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Phenology of triple-awned grass in different stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seed falling was investigated. Each phenological stage was related to minimum and maximum air and soil surface temperatures. Soil surface temperature was measured two times per day during different seasons. Climate data were obtained from the nearest weather station. The study was carried out in sand dunes of band-e-rig of Kashan in the central region of Iran. This species is important in terms of wind erosion control and livestock feeding in arid areas. The results showed that air temperatures ranged from –22 ^oC to 41.5 ^oC …

Response Of Mombaça Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) To Nitrogen Doses And Clipping Frequency, Gustavo J. Braga, P. H. C. Luz, V. R. Herling, R. J. Schmidt, C. G. Lima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present experiment had the objectives of determining the response of Mombaça grass (Panicum maximun Jacq.) to three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 250, 500 kg/ha) and two clipping frequencies (28 and 42 days). Dry matter yield (DMY), density and the average weight of tillers and the mean stage count (MSC), value that represents the quantity of the plant phenological development were evaluated. Nitrogen levels affected DMY, with the 500 kg/ha of N resulting in highest yield, and highest MSC as well. The number of tillers responded positively until the 250 kg/ha level. The 42-day frequency gave higher numbers …

Seasonal Botanical Composition And Available Forage Of Natural Grasslands In The Southeastern Range Region Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, J. C. L. Reis, H. Alfaya, O. J. W. Siqueira, C. B. Farias Jr.

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the study was to verify the influence of climatic seasons on botanical composition and on available dry matter of grasslands in the physiographic region known as Serra do Sudeste (Southeastern Range), RS, Brazil. The climate is Cfb according to Koëppen`s classification. The experiment was conducted in two natural grasslands submitted to two pre-experimental stocking rates [area 1: 0.65 AU ha^-1 (normal grazing); area 2: over 2.0 AU ha^-1 (overgrazing); AU: Animal Unit = 500kg live weight]. Stocking rates throughout the experimental period (June 1996–July 1997) were 0.4 and 0.65 AU ha^-1, over winter …

Effect Of Sowing Time On Phytomass Production During Early Growth Of Two Varieties Of Stylosanthes Guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., M. L.S. Paterniani, T. J. D. Rodrigues, G. T. Pereira, L. R. A. Rodrigues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of two sowing times on phytomass production of two varieties of Stylosanthes guianensis (var. pauciflora and var. vulgaris). Two experimental periods were studied (1: January - May/1998 and 2: November/1998 - March/1999) using a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 2 x 14 (two periods, two varieties and fourteen ages of evaluation), with four replications. The results showed a difference between the periods concerning the growth and development of Stylosanthes, and that period 2 was the most favourable to this forage plant. There was, also, different adaptability between …

Effects Of Photoperiod, Low Temperature And N Nutrition On Vsp Accumulation In Taproot Of Alfalfa, J. C. Avice, C. Noquet, A. Ourry, J. J. Volenec

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Medicago sativa L., vegetative storage protein (VSP), specifically accumulated in taproot, are strongly involved in nitrogen storage. How the accumulation of such VSPs is regulated remains largely unknown. Experiments were designed with non-nodulated alfalfa to determine if length of the photoperiod, a decrease of temperature, or high availability of mineral nitrogen may induce the accumulation of VSPs. ¹⁵N labelling was used to quantify nitrogen uptake and its further relative translocation within the plant while VSPs accumulation was analysed by ELISA quantification. Results showed that environmental factors such as shortening daylength or low temperature changed biomass allocation within the …

A Randomized Controlled Trial To Determine Whether Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate And/Or Eicosapentaenoic Acid Improves Diaphragm And Quadriceps Strength In Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients, Gerald S. Supinski, Paul F. Netzel, Philip M. Westgate, Elizabeth A. Schroder, Lin Wang, Leigh Ann Callahan

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit acquired weakness is a serious problem, contributing to respiratory failure and reductions in ambulation. Currently, there is no pharmacological therapy for this condition. Studies indicate, however, that both beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increase muscle function in patients with cancer and in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HMB and/or EPA administration would increase diaphragm and quadriceps strength in mechanically ventilated patients.

METHODS: Studies were performed on 83 mechanically ventilated patients who were recruited from the Medical Intensive Care Units at the University of Kentucky. Diaphragm strength was assessed as …

Tillering Dynamics Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cv. Tanzania-1 After Grazing, Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Domicio Nascimento Jr., Valéria P. B. Euclides, A. J. Regazzi, D. M. Fonseca

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tillering dynamics and tiller dry matter weight from Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania-1) were evaluated in two post-grazing stubbles (High Post-grazing Stubble – HPS-3.6 t of DM/ha and Low Post-grazing Stubble – LPS-2.3 t of DM/ha). There was no difference between post-grazing stubbles for decapitated axillary and basal remainder and new axillary tillers. The LPS presented greater number of new basal tillers. The rate of appearance of new basal and axillary tillers decreased with time after grazing. There were differences between the treatments on tiller dry matter weight, and greater values were found in the high post-graze stubble.

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Reproductive Tiller Development In Perennial Ryegrass, I. Bahmani, E. R. Thom, C. Matthew, G. Lemaire

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to compare reproductive tiller development in two ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars, when fertilized with nitrogen. Plots of the cultivars ‘Grasslands Ruanui’ and ‘Ellett’ ryegrass were sown in April 1996. Half of each plot received nitrogen fertilizer (30 kg N/ha) after each grazing by dairy cows from September 1996 to May 1997 and from October 1997 to April 1998. Ryegrass tiller dynamics was monitored from September 1996 to March 1998. The proportion of reproductive tillers in the total tiller population was higher, on average, over the first flowering period (October 1996 to January …

Impact Of Nitrogen Rate In Conventional And Organic Production Systems On Yield And Bread Baking Quality Of Soft Red Winter Wheat, Ammar Al-Zubade, Timothy D. Phillips, Mark A. Williams, Krista L. Jacobsen, David Van Sanford

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Soft red winter wheat (SRW) is characterized by high yield and relatively low protein content. In Kentucky, there is growing demand from local artisan bread bakers for regionally produced flour, requiring production of grain with increased protein content and/or strength. The objective of this two-year field experiment was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) management on five cultivars of winter wheat on yield and bread baking quality traits of modern and landrace SRW cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). All five cultivars were evaluated using two N application rates in conventional and organic production systems. All traits measured were significantly …

Tropical Legumes To Augment Forage Yield In The Eastern Caribbean, E. Valencia, M. B. Adjei

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Little information is available on the contribution of tropical legumes to forage yield in the eastern Caribbean. This study assessed the effects of three grazing cycles (GC; 5, 10 and 15-wk) on seasonal dry matter (DM) yield of binary mixtures of the tropical legumes glycine (Neonotonia wightii) and desmanthus (Desmanthus virgatus) with “Bambatsi” (Panicum coloratum) and “Mottgrass” (Pennisetum purpureum Shum.). Plant responses were assessed by mob-grazing with sheep (12-24 hrs; to average stubble height of 15-cm) for each GC. Grazing cycles affected yield of both the legume and grass component (P< 0.05). At GC of 5-weeks, forage DM ranged from 1.5-2.0 Mg ha^-1 in …

Yield And Forage Quality In Alfalfa-Weeping Lovegrass Mixtures, H. Laborde, R. E. Brevedan, M. A. Varillas, M. N. Fioretti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Little is known about the relative performance of weeping lovegrass in mixtures with alfalfa. Our objective was to compare the productivity and forage quality of monocultures and binary mixtures of the species. Mixtures always gave higher yields than any of the monocultures and the highest was obtained in the mixture with the largest proportion of alfalfa. In the second year weeping lovegrass N concentration in the mixtures were higher than in monoculture. Weeping lovegrass did not affect the alfalfa N concentration. There was not differences in the NDF, for between these species.

Intake And Yield Of Cynodon Nlemfuensis Alone And Associated With Leucaena Leucocephala Grazed By Sheep, J. G. Escobedo-Mex, Luis Ramírez-Avilés, Juan C. Ku-Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the present study was to determine dry matter intake (DMI) and the forage yield of green dry matter (GDM) of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) alone and associated with Leucaena leucocephala cv. Perú grazed by sheep. The experimental treatments were: Systems T1) Star grass alone, and T2) Star grass + L. leucocephala. These treatments were evaluated during three seasons (i.e. Late-rainy, Dry and Rainy seasons). The availability of forage was lower (P < 0.0001) in T1, 2543 kg GDM/ha, than with T2, 3092 kg GDM/ha. Green dry matter in the rainy season was greater (P < 0.0001), with 3910 kg GDM/ha, than in the late-rainy and dry seasons, 2492 and 2052 kg GDM/ha, respectively. DMI was 5.9 and 7.6 g DM/kg of LW ^0.75/hour for the T1 and T2, respectively (P < 0.0001). DMI during the rainy season was lower (P < 0.01) than that of the dry and late-rainy seasons, 6.2, 6.4 and 7.5 g DM/kg LW^0.75/hour, respectively. The association C. nlemfuensis-L. leucocephala increased the availability of …

The Value Of Values-Based Supply Chains: Farmer Perspective, Hikaru Hanawa Peterson, Gail Feenstra, Marcia Ostrom, Keiko Tanaka, Christy Anderson Brekken, Gwenael Engelskirchen

Community & Leadership Development Faculty Publications

In the last few decades, the emergence of mid-scale, intermediated marketing channels that fall between commodity and direct markets has attracted growing interest from scholars for their potential to preserve small and mid-sized farms while scaling up alternative agrifood sourcing. When such mid-scale supply chains are formed among multiple business partners with shared ethics or values related to the qualities of the food and the business relationships along the supply chain, they may be termed "values-based supply chains (VBSCs)." Most of the research on VBSCs to date has relied primarily on a case study approach that investigates the performance of …

The Effect Of Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage On The Biorhythms Of Feeding In Premature Infants, Ira H. Gewolb, Babatunde T. Sobowale, Frank L. Vice, Abhijit R. Patwardhan, Nino Solomonia, Eric W. Reynolds

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: Suck-swallow rhythmicity and the integration of breathing into infant feeding are developmentally regulated. Neurological injury and breathing abnormalities can both impact feeding in preterm infants.

Objective: To determine the effects of neurologic injury independent of effects of disordered breathing on feeding biorhythms in premature infants.

Methods: Low-risk preterm infants (LRP), infants with Grade 3–4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH), those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and those with both BPD and IVH (BPD+IVH) were identified. Forty-seven infants, 32–42 weeks Postmenstrual Age (PMA) were evaluated on one or more occasions (131 studies). Of these, 39 infants (81 studies) were performed at >35 weeks …

Correlation Between Yield Of Forage Legumes In Grass Mixtures And Accumulation Of Soil Mineral Nitrogen In Sweden, Magnus A. Halling, David Scholefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil mineral N and DM yield of five forage legume species were investigated in field experiments at two sites in Sweden, established 1997. The species studied were: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) and lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.), all grown in grass-legume mixed swards. No nitrogen was applied to the legumes. Results from two years of ley (1998 and 1999) are presented. Correlation was found between accumulated mineral N in the soil in the autumn and the total seasonal DM yield of the …

Allelopathy Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cultivars On Tree And Shrub Forage Legumes: Tolerance Index, A. R. P. Almeida, T. J. D. Rodrigues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of three forage legumes (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. cv. Kaki and Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.) to the allelopathic effects of three cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. (cv. Mombaça, cv. Aruana and cv. Tanzânia-1), under greenhouse conditions. The root and shoot tolerance indexes were calculated using the data of dry mass of roots and shoots of plants cultivated in pots and moistened with water or aqueous extracts (0,10 and 20%) of the cultivars of P. maximum. The results indicated that: a) the root tolerance …

Compatibility Of Kura Clover And Cool Season Grass Mixtures In Michigan, P. Jeranyama, R. H. Leep, T. Dietz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) is an alternative forage legume for rotational grazing in cool-season grass mixtures. However, compatibility with cool-season grasses is unknown. Seven cool-season perennial grasses were seeded into Kura clover in a rotational grazing experiment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate botanical composition, forage yield and quality of binary mixtures of cool-season grass with Kura clover. Field studies were conducted on a Nester (fine sandy loam) soil at Lake City Experiment Station, Lake City, MI. Botanical compositions in the first year of the study heavily favored grasses (avg. 74%) and Kura clover accounted for …

Elevated Lipid Oxidation Is Associated With Exceeding Gestational Weight Gain Recommendations And Increased Neonatal Anthropometrics: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Jill M. Maples, Samantha F. Ehrlich, Nikki B. Zite, Kevin J. Pearson, W. Todd Cade, Courtney J. Riedinger, Maire M. Blankenship, Rachel A. Tinius

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Deviations from gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations are associated with unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is a need to understand how maternal substrate metabolism, independent of weight status, may contribute to GWG and neonatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential link between maternal lipid oxidation rate, GWG, and neonatal anthropometric outcomes.

METHODS: Women (N = 32) with a lean pre-pregnancy BMI were recruited during late pregnancy and substrate metabolism was assessed using indirect calorimetry, before and after consumption of a high-fat meal. GWG was categorized as follows: inadequate, adequate, or excess. Shortly …

International Grassland Congress Outlook – A Historical Review And Future Expectations, L. R. Humphreys

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Features of the history of the International Grassland Congress are mentioned. Aspects of a number of failed themes in grassland science are described with respect to molecular biology, intensive systems of ruminant production, carbohydrate use in plant growth, plant succession and range condition, and stocking method. Future expectations are focused on meeting a balance of objectives, maintaining reductionist science, taking new initiatives in plant improvement and in the development of animal production systems, and reducing barriers to international trade. The adoption of grassland science depends upon the growth of new learning, especially through cyclical interaction between scientists and farmers.

Production Potential Of South America Grasslands, G. E. Maraschin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands exist all over the world under a wide range of climates, soil types, topography conditions and seasonality. The South America grasslands cover a wide range of ecosystems and vegetaion types, going from desert areas to steppes, subhumid temperate, subtropical and tropical savannas embodying also portions of the tropical rain forest environment, and represent one of the Earth’s largest expanses of natural rangelands (Oesterheld et al., 1992). They represent developed ecosystems requiring acquaintance to accept sound agronomic and ecological activities. The diversity of vegetation determined by the latitudes 6^oN, down to the southern most tip of the continent …

Grassland Production And Management – Trends And Perspectives For The 21St Century, John Hodgson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The XIX International Congress is set in a time of unprecedented change, with increasing uncertainty about the long-term sustainability of established systems of land use. The major threats are the continuing rapid increase in the human population of the world, the pressure on land resources to meet food requirements, the effects of global warming on climate stability, and the consequence of these factors on land resource stability and food production potential. Overlying these threats is the impact of the global economy on land use policies.

Projections made at the XVIII International Grassland Congress in 1997 suggested that food production could …

Finding New Strategies To Rehabilitate Grasslands In Western China, David R. Kemp, Z. B. Nan, J. P. Wu, J. F. Yun, Z. Xu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Slope Aspect Has Effects On Belowground Biomass And Root Length Of Semi‐Arid Hilly Steppe, Xiaoying Gong, Shan Lin, Qingmin Pan, Holger Brueck, Klaus Dittert, Friedhelm Taube

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Association Between Post-Hospital Clinic And Telephone Follow-Up Provider Visits With 30-Day Readmission Risk In An Integrated Health System, Huong Q. Nguyen, Aileen Baecker, Timothy Ho, Dan N. Huynh, Heather L. Watson, Jing Li, Ernest Shen

Center for Health Services Research Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Follow-up visits with clinic providers after hospital discharge may not be feasible for some patients due to functional limitations, transportation challenges, need for physical distancing, or fear of exposure especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of post-hospital clinic (POSH) and telephone (TPOSH) follow-up provider visits versus no visit on 30-day readmission. We used a retrospective cohort design based on data from 1/1/2017 to 12/31/2019 on adult patients (n = 213,513) discharged home from 15 Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals. Completion of POSH or TPOSH provider visits within …

Master Grazer: Educating Kentucky Livestock Producers, S. Ray Smith, Garry D. Lacefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.