Digital Commons Network^™

Thrombospondin1 Deficiency Reduces Obesity-Associated Inflammation And Improves Insulin Sensitivity In A Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model, Yanzhang Li, Xiaopeng Tong, Courtney Rumala, Kate Clemons, Shuxia Wang

Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity is prevalent worldwide and is associated with insulin resistance. Advanced studies suggest that obesity-associated low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to the development of insulin resistance and other metabolic complications. Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein that is up-regulated in inflamed adipose tissue. A recent study suggests a positive correlation of TSP1 with obesity, adipose inflammation, and insulin resistance. However, the direct effect of TSP1 on obesity and insulin resistance is not known. Therefore, we investigated the role of TSP1 in mediating obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance by using TSP1 knockout mice.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Male TSP1-/- mice …

Global Ky (Fall 2011), University Of Kentucky International Center

Global Kentucky

No abstract provided.

Southeastern Law Librarian Fall 2011, Seaall

Newsletters

No abstract provided.

The Gray Lady's Guide To Avant-Garde Cinema, Brian L. Frye

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Who is the most important avant-garde filmmaker? It depends who you ask. Different people value different things at different times. Fortunately, citation analysis can provide an objective answer. This article uses a citation study of The New York Times to measure the relative importance of avant-garde filmmakers. It concludes that, according to The New York Times, the most important avant-garde filmmaker is Andy Warhol.

Citation Advantage Of Open Access Legal Scholarship, James M. Donovan, Carol A. Watson

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

In this study focusing on the impact of open access on legal scholarship, the authors examine open access articles from three journals at the University of Georgia School of Law and confirm that legal scholarship freely available via open access improves an article’s research impact. Open access legal scholarship—which today appears to account for almost half of the output of law faculties—can expect to receive fifty-eight percent more citations than non–open access writings of similar age from the same venue.

Bridging The Gap: Effective Collaboration Between Circulation And Reference, Jennifer A. Bartlett, Terri Brown

Library Presentations

No abstract provided.

Degradable Cross-Linked Nanoassemblies As Drug Carriers For Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor 17-N-Allylamino-17-Demethoxy-Geldanamycin, Andrei G. Ponta, Shanjida Akter, Younsoo Bae

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Cross-linked nanoassemblies (CNAs) with a degradable core were prepared for sustained release of 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), a potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). The particle size of CNAs ranged between 100 and 250 nm, which changed depending on the cross-linking yields and drug entrapment method. CNAs with a 1% cross-linking yield entrapped 17-AAG in aqueous solutions, yet degraded in 3 hrs. CNAs entrapped 5.2 weight% of 17-AAG as the cross-linking yield increased to 10%, retaining more than 80% of particles for 24 hrs. CNAs with drugs entrapped after the cross-linking reactions were 100 nm and remained stable in both …

Pipkiγ Regulates Focal Adhesion Dynamics And Colon Cancer Cell Invasion, Zhaofei Wu, Xiang Li, Manjula Sunkara, Heather Spearman, Andrew J. Morris, Cai Huang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Focal adhesion assembly and disassembly are essential for cell migration and cancer invasion, but the detailed molecular mechanisms regulating these processes remain to be elucidated. Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type Iγ (PIPKIγ) binds talin and is required for focal adhesion formation in EGF-stimulated cells, but its role in regulating focal adhesion dynamics and cancer invasion is poorly understood. We show here that overexpression of PIPKIγ promoted focal adhesion formation, whereas cells expressing either PIPKIγ^K188,200R or PIPKIγ^D316K, two kinase-dead mutants, had much fewer focal adhesions than those expressing WT PIPKIγ in CHO-K1 cells and HCT116 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, …

Activation Of Matrix Metalloproteinases Following Anti-Aβ Immunotherapy; Implications For Microhemorrhage Occurrence, Donna M. Wilcock, Dave Morgan, Marcia N. Gordon, Tiffany L. Taylor, Lisa A. Ridnour, David A. Wink, Carol A. Colton

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Anti-Aβ immunotherapy is a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently in clinical trials. There is extensive evidence, both in mice and humans that a significant adverse event is the occurrence of microhemorrhages. Also, vasogenic edema was reported in phase 2 of a passive immunization clinical trial. In order to overcome these vascular adverse effects it is critical that we understand the mechanism(s) by which they occur.

METHODS: We have examined the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) protein degradation system in two previously published anti-Aβ immunotherapy studies. The first was a passive immunization study in which …

2011 Driver Attitudes And Awareness Survey, Kenneth R. Agent, Eric R. Green, Ronald E. Langley

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A basic set of questions were developed that could be used in periodic surveys that track drivers attitudes and awareness concerning impaired driving, seat belt use, and speeding issues. The objective of the survey was to learn the knowledge, views, and behaviors of drivers in these areas. This report documents the results of the 2011 survey with a comparison to the 2010 baseline survey.

The method used to conduct the survey was a telephone survey. In addition to questions for the three major highway safety areas of impaired driving, seat belt use, and speeding, an additional question was …

Ccr3 Inhibition For Ocular Angiogenesis And Macular Degeneration, Jayakrishna Ambati

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Patents

Provided are methods and compositions for the treatment or prevention of ocular angiogenesis and neovascularization. Administration of inhibitors of the CCR3 receptor or its ligands eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-2 (CCL24) or eotaxin-3 (CCL26) inhibits ocular angiogenesis.

Longitudinal Analysis Of Arterial Blood Pressure And Heart Rate Response To Acute Behavioral Stress In Rats With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus And In Age-Matched Controls, David C. Randall, Richard O. Speakman, Dennis L. Silcox, Laura V. Brown, David R. Brown, Ming C. Gong, Abhijit R. Patwardhan, L. Raymond Reynolds, Dennis G. Karounos, Don E. Burgess, Chikodi N. Anigbogu

Physiology Faculty Publications

We recorded via telemetry the arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response to classical conditioning following the spontaneous onset of autoimmune diabetes in BBDP/Wor rats vs. age-matched, diabetes-resistant control (BBDR/Wor) rats. Our purpose was to evaluate the autonomic regulatory responses to an acute stress in a diabetic state of up to 12 months duration. The stress was a 15-s pulsed tone (CS+) followed by a 0.5-s tail shock. The initial, transient increase in BP (i.e., the "first component," or C₁), known to be derived from an orienting response and produced by a sympathetic increase in peripheral …

Evaluation Of The Global Association Between Cholesterol-Associated Polymorphisms And Alzheimer's Disease Suggests A Role For Rs3846662 And Hmgcr Splicing In Disease Risk, Christopher R. Simmons, Fanggeng Zou, Steven G Younkin, Steven Estus

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s that are essentially unequivocally associated with peripheral cholesterol. Since the alleles of the APOE gene, which modulate peripheral cholesterol metabolism, and midlife plasma cholesterol are both associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, we have evaluated the hypothesis that SNPs associated with plasma cholesterol are also associated with AD.

RESULTS: Seventeen non-APOE SNPs reproducibly associated with cholesterol per GWAS were tested for association with AD in ~2,000 AD and ~4,000 non-AD subjects. As a group, these SNPs are associated with AD. Two SNPs in particular, rs3846662 and rs1532085, are …

Critical Role Of Pi3k/Akt/Gsk3Β In Motoneuron Specification From Human Neural Stem Cells In Response To Fgf2 And Egf, Luis Ojeda, Junling Gao, Kristopher G. Hooten, Enyin Wang, Jason R. Thonhoff, Tiffany J. Dunn, Tianyan Gao, Ping Wu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are critical for the development of the nervous system. We previously discovered that FGF2 and EGF had opposite effects on motor neuron differentiation from human fetal neural stem cells (hNSCs), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that FGF2 and EGF differentially affect the temporal patterns of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) activation. High levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activation accompanied with GSK3β inactivation result in reduction of the motor neuron transcription factor HB9. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt by chemical inhibitors or RNA interference or overexpression of …

Cd40 Is Essential In The Upregulation Of Traf Proteins And Nf-Kappab-Dependent Proinflammatory Gene Expression After Arterial Injury, Zifang Song, Rong Jin, Shiyong Yu, Joshua J. Rivet, Susan S. Smyth, Anil Nanda, D. Neil Granger, Guohong Li

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Despite extensive investigations, restenosis, which is characterized primarily by neointima formation, remains an unsolved clinical problem after vascular interventions. A recent study has shown that CD40 signaling through TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays a key role in neointima formation after carotid artery injury; however, underlying mechanisms are not clearly elucidated. Because neointima formation may vary significantly depending on the type of injury, we first assessed the effect of CD40 deficiency on neointima formation in 2 injury models, carotid artery ligation and femoral artery denudation injury. Compared with wild-type mice, CD40 deficiency significantly reduced neointima formation and lumen stenosis …

Dual-Frequency Phase Multiplexing (Dfpm) And Period Coded Phase Measuring (Pcpm) Pattern Strategies In 3-D Structured Light Systems, And Lookup Table (Lut) Based Data Processing, Kai Liu, Yongchang Wang, Daniel L. Lau, Laurence G. Hassebrook

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Patents

A computer-implemented process, system, and computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon, program code and instructions for 3-D triangulation-based image acquisition of a contoured surface/object-of-interest under observation by at least one camera . . .

For the remainder of this abstract, please download this patent.

Plant Diseases, Jay W. Pscheidt, John R. Hartman

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Every gardener has put in plants with hopes for wonderful flowers, fruits, or vegetables, only to have those hopes dashed as the plants get sick and die. Plants that die are considered diseased. Many things can cause plants to become diseased, including living agents, other factors (nonliving), or a combination of the two. This chapter focuses only on living agents—fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and parasitic plants. Nonliving factors, such as nutrient deficiencies, lack of water, temperature stress, and these problems in combination as they relate to specific types of plants, are discussed elsewhere.

Torus And Active Galactic Nucleus Properties Of Nearby Seyfert Galaxies: Results From Fitting Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions And Spectroscopy, Almudena Alonso-Herrero, Almeida Cristina Ramos, Rachel Mason, Ramos Andrés Asensio, Patrick F. Roche, Nancy A. Levenson, Moshe Elitzur, Christopher Packham, José Miguel Rodríguez Espinosa, Stuart Young, Tanio Díaz-Santos, Ana M. Pérez-García

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We used the CLUMPY torus models and a Bayesian approach to fit the infrared spectral energy distributions and ground-based high angular resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy of 13 nearby Seyfert galaxies. This allowed us to put tight constraints on torus model parameters such as the viewing angle i, the radial thickness of the torus Y, the angular size of the cloud distribution σ_torus, and the average number of clouds along radial equatorial rays N₀. We found that the viewing angle i is not the only parameter controlling the classification of a galaxy into type 1 or …

Microglial P38Α Mapk Is A Key Regulator Of Proinflammatory Cytokine Up-Regulation Induced By Toll-Like Receptor (Tlr) Ligands Or Beta-Amyloid (Aβ), Adam D. Bachstetter, Bin Xing, Lucia De Almeida, Edgardo R. Dimayuga, D. Martin Watterson, Linda J. Van Eldik

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines from activated microglia has been implicated as an important contributor to pathophysiology progression in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is critical to elucidate intracellular signaling pathways that are significant contributors to cytokine overproduction in microglia exposed to specific stressors, especially pathways amenable to drug interventions. The serine/threonine protein kinase p38α MAPK is a key enzyme in the parallel and convergent intracellular signaling pathways involved in stressor-induced production of IL-1β and TNFα in peripheral tissues, and is a drug development target for peripheral inflammatory diseases. However, much less is known about the quantitative …

Global Ky (Summer 2011), University Of Kentucky International Center

Global Kentucky

No abstract provided.

Biofilter Media Characterization Using Water Sorption Isotherms, Guilherme Del Nero Maia, George B. Day, Richard S. Gates, Joseph L. Taraba

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Compost material has been used extensively as a gas‐phase biofilter media for contaminant gas treatment in recent years. One of the biggest challenges in the use of this type of material is adequate control of compost moisture content and understanding its effect on the biofiltration process. The present work provides a methodology for characterization of biofilter media under low moisture conditions. Results indicated that low levels of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were obtained for high levels of equilibrium relative humidity (ERH), i.e., 99% ERH produced EMC of approximately 20% (dry basis) at 25° C. Most bacteria struggle to survive in …

Identification Of The Allosteric Regulatory Site Of Insulysin, Nicholas Noinaj, Sonia K. Bhasin, Eun Suk Song, Kirsten E. Scoggin, Maria A. Juliano, Luiz Juliano, Louis B. Hersh, David W. Rodgers

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) is responsible for the metabolism of insulin and plays a role in clearance of the Aβ peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease. Unlike most proteolytic enzymes, IDE, which consists of four structurally related domains and exists primarily as a dimer, exhibits allosteric kinetics, being activated by both small substrate peptides and polyphosphates such as ATP.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The crystal structure of a catalytically compromised mutant of IDE has electron density for peptide ligands bound at the active site in domain 1 and a distal site in domain 2. Mutating residues in the distal site eliminates allosteric …

Earnings Volatility In America: Evidence From Matched Cps, James P. Ziliak, Bradley Hardy, Christopher Bollinger

University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series

We offer new evidence on earnings volatility of men and women in the United States over the past four decades by using matched data from the March Current Population Survey. We construct a measure of total volatility that encompasses both permanent and transitory instability, and that admits employment transitions and losses from self employment. We also present a detailed decomposition of earnings volatility to account for changing shares in employment probabilities, conditional variances of continuous workers, and conditional mean variances from labor-force entry and exit. Our results show that earnings volatility among men increased by 15 percent from the early …

Patient Discomfort Associated With The Use Of Intra-Arterial Iodinated Contrast Media: A Meta-Analysis Of Comparative Randomized Controlled Trials, Peter A. Mccullough, Patrizio Capasso

Radiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Discomfort characterized by pain and warmth are common adverse effects associated with the use of intra-arterial iodinated contrast media (CM). The objective of this review was to pool patient-reported outcomes available from head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to compare the discomfort rates associated with iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM; i.e., iodixanol) to those reported with various low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM).

METHODS: A review of the literature published between 1990 and 2009 available through Medline, Medline Preprints, Embase, Biological Abstracts, BioBase, Cab Abstracts, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Life Sciences Collection, Inside Conferences, Energy Database, Engineering Index and Technology Collection was performed …

Academic Detailing To Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening By Primary Care Practices In Appalachian Pennsylvania, William J. Curry, Eugene J. Lengerich, Brenda C. Kluhsman, Marie A. Graybill, Jason Z. Liao, Eric W. Schaefer, Angela M. Spleen, Mark B. Dignan

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: In the United States, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death. Screening is a primary method to prevent CRC, yet screening remains low in the U.S. and particularly in Appalachian Pennsylvania, a largely rural area with high rates of poverty, limited health care access, and increased CRC incidence and mortality rates. Receiving a physician recommendation for CRC screening is a primary predictor for patient adherence with screening guidelines. One strategy to disseminate practice-oriented interventions is academic detailing (AD), a method that transfers knowledge or methods to physicians, nurses or …

Possible Role Of Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis By The E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Siah2 And Posh, Perry A. Christian, Michael V. Fiandalo, Steven R. Schwarze

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: A functioning ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is essential for a number of diverse cellular processes and maintenance of overall cellular homeostasis. The ability of proteasome inhibitors, such as Velcade, to promote extrinsic apoptotic effects illustrates the importance of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the regulation of death receptor signaling. Here, we set out to define the UPS machinery, particularly the E3 ubiquitin ligases, that repress apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway. A cell-based genome-wide E3 ligase siRNA screen was established to monitor caspase-8 activity following the addition of TRAIL.

RESULTS: Data from the high-throughput screen revealed that targeting the RING-finger …

Nfatc1 Regulation Of Trail Expression In Human Intestinal Cells, Qingding Wang, Yuning Zhou, Heidi L. Weiss, Chi-Wing Chow, B. Mark Evers

Surgery Faculty Publications

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; Apo2) has been shown to promote intestinal cell differentiation. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) participates in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including differentiation. Here, we examined the role of NFAT in the regulation of TRAIL in human intestinal cells. Treatment with a combination of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus the calcium ionophore A23187 (Io) increased NFAT activation and TRAIL expression; pretreatment with the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA), an antagonist of NFAT signaling, diminished NFAT activation and TRAIL induction. In addition, knockdown of NFATc1, NFATc2, NFATc3, and NFATc4 blocked PMA/Io increased …

Nogo-B Receptor Is Necessary For Cellular Dolichol Biosynthesis And Protein N-Glycosylation., Kenneth D Harrison, Eon Joo Park, Ningguo Gao, Andrew Kuo, Jeffrey S. Rush, Charles J Waechter, Mark A Lehrman, William C Sessa

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Dolichol monophosphate (Dol-P) functions as an obligate glycosyl carrier lipid in protein glycosylation reactions. Dol-P is synthesized by the successive condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), with farnesyl diphosphate catalysed by a cis-isoprenyltransferase (cis-IPTase) activity. Despite the recognition of cis-IPTase activity 40 years ago and the molecular cloning of the human cDNA encoding the mammalian enzyme, the molecular machinery responsible for regulating this activity remains incompletely understood. Here, we identify Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) as an essential component of the Dol-P biosynthetic machinery. Loss of NgBR results in a robust deficit in cis-IPTase activity and Dol-P production, leading to diminished levels of …

Evaluation Of Inductively Coupled Plasma (Icp) False Positives For Arsenic And Trace Metals Analysis In Coal Ash And Coal Ash Media, Richard J. Rago, Glen Breland

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Public Health Finance Management Needs And How Public Health Agencies Are Funded., F. Douglas Scutchfield Md

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Presentations

No abstract provided.