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What Leading Alfalfa Growers Do To Produce Quality Hay, Jimmy C. Henning, Garry D. Lacefield, Buddy Sims

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is the highest quality forage legume crop grown in Kentucky and is the number one cash hay crop. Hay raised by Kentucky farmers has been recognized for its quality at local, state (state fair and Kentucky Alfalfa Conference), and national (American Forage and Grassland Council) hay contests. The testing records of the Kentucky Department of Agriculture also document the high quality alfalfa hay of Kentucky. However, little has been written about the farm practices used to produce high quality alfalfa hay in Kentucky. The current practices of top hay growers may be helpful in defining the options available to …

Are We Making Progress With Hay Quality In Kentucky?, Buddy Sims

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

During the Kentucky State Fair, Garry Lacefield asked if I would be on the XVI Kentucky Alfalfa Conference program. Certainly I never miss an opportunity to talk, especially about testing forages. Then in October we communicated again and it was decided that my topic would be "Are We Making Progress With Hay Quality in Kentucky?" Seems like a simple yes or no question! Well ... l elected to think about this under the middle of December. Of course, during this time, the people of the Commonwealth elected a new Commissioner of Agriculture. Your selection was Billy Ray Smith, who throughout …

Role Of Alfalfa In Our Farming Operation, Larry Jeffries

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Our farming operation consists of 214 acres. We raise 14,000 pounds of tobacco, have a purebred beef cattle herd, and sell hay. Alfalfa is the only one of the three sources of income that we can project an increase for 1996.

Our alfalfa cash hay sales have increased for several years due to the increase of suburban horse owners in the Louisville area.

I think it is important to have a written plan for 1996. We wouldn't think of making a long trip without a map, especially into strange territory - we farmers are in strange territory. If you don't …

Utilizing Alfalfa Hay In Horse Diets, Laurie Lawrence

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

All horses need fiber in their diets. Forages, usually as pasture or hay, are the primary sources of fiber in most rations. The exact amount of hay that a horse will eat on a daily or yearly basis will depend on the size of the horse, the class of the horse (pregnant, working, etc) and the type of hay being fed. The type and amount of other feeds in the ration will also impact the amount of hay consumed, but in general, horse owners/managers should try to maximize forage intake and then supplement with grain or other feeds to meet …

Advances In Harvesting And Storing High Quality Alfalfa, Michael Collins

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

On suitable soils, alfalfa produces the highest yields of dry matter and nutrients possible under Kentucky conditions. Limitations to achievement of this potential are often related to losses that occur during alfalfa harvest and storage. We have conducted a number of studies addressing technologies designed to minimize the extent of these losses.

Fencing And Watering Systems For Grazing Alfalfa, Larry Turner

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Controlled or rotational grazing can result in better utilization of the forage resources on your farm. By better forage management through controlled grazing, you can increase profitability of cattle/forage systems. To effectively develop a controlled grazing system, however, fencing must be used to subdivide the pasture into sub-fields or paddocks. The animals may then be rotated among the paddocks to optimize forage and beef or dairy production from the system. Alfalfa grazing can play an important part in such a system. By using alfalfa, additional grazing management options are available, including avoiding high-endophyte fescue in hot summer periods thereby gaining …

Opportunities For Alfalfa As A Grazing Crop In Kentucky, Ken Johnson

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

As we think about the possibilities of alfalfa as a grazing crop, maybe we need to look at some of the limitations and where alfalfa may fit into Kentucky producers programs.

When looking at Kentucky's land area of 25 million acres we see that nearly half is in woodland. Of the 12 million acres remaining; about 3 million is in row crops, 2 million in hay, 2 million in non farm uses, and the rest is pasture. That is about 5 million acres in pasture or at least available to the pastured. With at least 7 million acres in hay …

Grazing Alfalfa: Putting The Puzzle Together, Garry D. Lacefield, Jimmy C. Henning, David Stalion

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Interest in alfalfa as a grazing crop has increased dramatically over the past decade. There are many research and demonstrations being conducted in Kentucky and across the U.S. as we continue to investigate and learn more about alfalfa's role in forage-based livestock production.

Listed below are some of the reasons farmers, researchers and agribusiness personnel are excited about the opportunity for alfalfa as a grazing crop.

Foreword [1996], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Polarization Of Astronomical Maser Radiation. Iii. Arbitrary Zeeman Splitting And Anisotropic Pumping, Moshe Elitzur

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

General solutions of the maser polarization problem are presented for arbitrary absorption coefficients. The results are used to calculate polarization for masers permeated by magnetic fields with arbitrary values of χ_B, the ratio of Zeeman splitting to Doppler linewidth, and for anisotropic (m-dependent) pumping. In the case of magnetic fields, one solution describes the polarization for overlapping Zeeman components, χ_B < 1. The χ_B → 0 limit of this solution reproduces the linear polarization derived in previous studies, which were always conducted at this unphysical limit. Terms of higher order in χ_B have a negligible effect on …

Fertility Status And Changes Of 50 Crp Fields, Lloyd W. Murdock, Dottie Call

Soil Science News and Views

The CRP program in Kentucky has 435,000 acres ofland which will be released soon. Since these fields were highly eroded when they were placed into the program, it was felt it would be helpful to determine the general fertility status of the CRP fields in Kentucky and see what changes had taken place during their years of enrollment in the CRP program. Since most of the fields had a previous erosive history, we expected the fields to be low in pH and in the low to medium range for phosphorus and potassium.

We would like to thank the producers who …

Seeding Cover Crops In Kentucky, Kenneth L. Wells, Morris J. Bitzer

Soil Science News and Views

The most common reason for seeding a cover crop is to establish cover onto a tilled area following harvest of the previous crop, or onto a disturbed area for a "critical seeding", as soon as possible after tillage or disturbance. The reason for establishing the cover crop is to stabilize the exposed surface of bare soil to prevent erosion.

No-Tilling Corn Into Hairy Vetch: Fertilizer Nitrogen Substitution Without Penalty Due To Delayed Planting, H. M. Saha, John H. Grove

Soil Science News and Views

Previous studies conducted in Kentucky have shown that hairy vetch is an agronomically viable winter legume cover crop for notill corn production. However, to fully realize the benefits of this cover crop it is necessary to allow enough time for it to accumulate biomass and nitrogen (N) before no-till corn is planted. Thus, early corn planting may not always be feasible. Since delaying corn planting after May 15 in Kentucky usually leads to a decline in corn grain yields, the main question addressed in this study (one for which little information was available) was whether the benefits provided by hairy …

Task Lll Report: Deficit Analysis, L. Ormsbee, J. Herman

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the water supply deficit results of Phase lll of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study commissioned by the Kentucky River Authority. The purpose of Phase lll is to quantify water supply in the Kentucky River Basin during a severe drought for the existing supply system/resources under current and projected demand forecasts. A quantification of the susceptibility of the basin to a severe drought is necessary for the Authority to properly develop a long-range water supply plan.

This is part 3 of a three part Assessment Study of the River basin water supply.

Water Use Estimation And Forecasting For The Kentucky River Basin: A Preliminary Draft Report, Glenn C. Blomquist, William Hoyt, Dayuan Hu, Colleeen G. Scott

KWRRI Research Reports

We estimate aggregate monthly water use for summer, peak demand and nonsummer off-peak demand periods for the Kentucky River Basin. Using Kentucky Division of Water use data, U.S. Census data for county demographic and economic conditions, and U.S. Weather Service data for weather conditions we estimate use for the 1970-1993 period. Our model allows for idiosyncratic effects of each of the 27 counties in the sample. We find factors such as population and manufacturing employment effect use and temperature and rainfall in current and preceding months effect use during the summer, peak period. The model predicts well within the sample …

Task Iii Report: Water Use Estimation And Forecasting For The Kentucky River Basin, Glenn C. Blomquist, William Hoyt, D. Hu, C. Scott

KWRRI Research Reports

We estimate aggregate monthly water use for summer, peak demand and nonsummer off-peak demand periods for the Kentucky River Basin. Using Kentucky Division of Water use data, U.S. Census data for county demographic and economic conditions, and U.S. Weather Service data for weather conditions we estimate use for the 1970-1993 period. Our model allows for idiosyncratic effects of each of the 27 counties in the sample. We find factors such as population and manufacturing employment affect use and temperature and rainfall in current and preceding months effect use during the summer, peak period. The model predicts well within the sample …

Evaluation Of Water Supplies In The Upper Forks Of The Kentucky River Basin, Kentucky Water Resource Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This study examined municipal and private water supplies in the Upper Forks of the Kentucky River. Municipal water systems in Letcher, Knott, Leslie, and Breathitt counties in the North Fork Kentucky River Basin, Leslie county in the Middle Fork Kentucky River Basin, and Owsley and Clay counties in the South Fork Kentucky River were examined for current and projected water supply adequacy and water system needs. Eight municipal water suppliers- Fleming-Neon Water Company, Whitesburg Municipal Water, Hindman Municipal Water Works, Hazard Water Department, Jackson Municipal Water Works, Booneville Water and Sewer, and Manchester Water Works- and three purchasing districts: Vicco …

Theoretical Hei Line Intensities In Gaseous Nebulae: Ngc 1976, 6572 And Ic 4997, J. B. Kingdon, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Smits has recently calculated theoretical He I intensities for a large number of lines for conditions appropriate to gaseous nebulae. These are likely to remain the definitive calculations for some time to come. A comparison of these line ratios with observed values in three nebulae reveals some discrepancies. We show that these discrepancies are reduced when collisional effects from the metastable 2₃S level are included, and that it is not necessary to invoke an unknown depopulation mechanism for the He I2₃S level.

Evaluation Of The Crop Growth Component Of The Root Zone Water Quality Model For Corn In Ohio, Sue E. Nokes, Feliks M. Landa, Jon D. Hanson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a computer model developed to simulate water, chemical, and biological processes in the root zone of agricultural management systems. As of this writing RZWQM is in the beta-testing phase of development. This article reports on a parameterization and evaluation study performed in Ohio on field corn for the crop growth component of RZWQM. The generic crop growth model in RZWQM had not previously been parameterized or tested on field corn. This article reports the results of such a study. One year of data was used to calibrate RZWQM, and two additional years …

Monitoring The Dynamics Of Scaled Vehicles Using A Sonic Digitizer, Michael J. Bader, Larry G. Wells, Linus R. Walton

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Certain dynamic stability characteristics of an alternate method of mounting a front-end loader to a farm tractor were compared to those of a conventionally mounted front-end loader operating on a specified terrain. One objective of the study was to determine if the alternate method of mounting a front-end loader resulted in better stability characteristics and, in turn, safer operation than a conventional front-end loader. Another objective was to determine if a three-dimensional sonic digitizer could monitor the motion of the scale model tractor-loader systems accurately enough to perform a comparison between the systems. This article describes the second objective of …

Comparison Of Daily Water Table Depth Prediction By Four Simulation Models, Eric D. Desmond, Andrew D. Ward, Norman R. Fausey, Stephen R. Workman

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The Agricultural Drainage And Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model was compared to the water management simulation models DRAINMOD, SWATREN, and PREFLO. SWATREN and PREFLO are one-dimensional finite-difference models while ADAPT and DRAINMOD are one-dimensional mass balance models. ADAPT, an extension of the computer model GLEAMS, also provides chemical transport information. All four models were tested against field data from Aurora, North Carolina. Observed water table depth data were collected during 1973 through 1977 from a water table management field experiment with three subsurface drain spacing treatments of 7.5, 15, and 30 m.

Both the standard error of estimate and the average …

Performance Of Vegetative Filter Strips With Varying Pollutant Source And Filter Strip Lengths, Puneet Srivastava, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr., Thomas A. Costello

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) can reduce runoff losses of pollutants such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from land areas treated with fertilizers. While VFS effectiveness is considered to depend on lengths of pollutant source and VFS areas, there is little experimental evidence of this dependence, particularly when the pollutant source is manure-treated pasture. This study assessed the effects of pollutant source area (fescue pasture treated with poultry litter) length and VFS (fescue pasture) length on VFS removal of nitrate N (NO₃-N), ammonia N (NH₃-N), total Kjeldahl N (TKN), ortho-P (PO₄-P), total P (TP), …

Septic Systems For Homeowners, William O. Thom

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Septic systems are an effective, long-standing method for collecting, treating, and disposing of wastewaters from rural and surburban homes that do not have access to municipal sewage treatment plants. They collect and treat wastewaters produced in the bathroom, kitchen, and laundry of a home before discharging them into the soil. These systems are used by homeowners in every county in Kentucky.

Infiltration Of Fecal Bacteria Through Soils: Timing And Tillage Effects, Mark S. Coyne, C. S. Stoddard, John H. Grove, William O. Thom

Soil Science News and Views

Land-applying animal wastes potentially exposes humans and animals to fecal pathogens, either by direct contact with soil and produce, or via ground water contamination. Some of these organisms are Salmonella, certain pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, protozoa such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia, and enteric viruses. Whether soil adequately filters these pathogens before they reach ground water depends on the interaction of porosity, texture, depth, water content, rainfall intensity and duration, and soil management.

1x27 Cartoons About Science, Mark S. Coyne

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Book Gallery

A tongue-in-cheek look at the world of natural science.

Technical Appendix To Task Iii Report: Deficit Algorythm Methodology, J. Herman, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

This appendix contains a detailed description of the algorithm used by the KYBASIN model to quantify water supply deficits in the Kentucky River Basin. This document is an attachment to the report entitled Task III Report-Deficit Analysis (Ormsbee and Herman, 1996), which summarizes the water supply deficit results of Phase III of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. The purpose of the study was to quantify water supply in the Kentucky River Basin during a severe drought for the existing supply system/resources under current and projected demand forecasts. The study was authorized by the Kentucky River Authority …

Task Ii Report: Part 1: Evaluation Of Water Supplies In The North, South, And Middle Fork Kentucky River Watersheds, D. I. Carey, L. G. Morris

KWRRI Research Reports

No abstract provided.

Task V Report: Development And Evaluation Of Water Supply Alternatives, L. Ormsbee, J. Herman

KWRRI Research Reports

This report documents the procedure and results of Task V of the KWRRI Kentucky River Water Supply Assessment Study. This was authorized by the Kentucky River Authority in a contract with the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute dated April 1, 1995. The three major tasks of the study are outlined below:

Task I. Review and assess previous studies and finalize study plan.

Task II. Assess and forecast demand and availability of water by/for off-stem users (Including the upper forks of the Kentucky River.)

Task III. Assess and forecast demand and availability of water by/for off-stem users (Including the impacts of …

Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the results of task 1 of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. The KWRRI study was requested by the Kentucky River Authority in order to provide a basis for management decisions for the Kentucky River Basin. This study was necessitated as a result of unexamined or changing conditions that could significantly impact the conclusions and recommendations of the previous HARZA studies (Harza, et al, 1990; Harza, et al, 1991.)

Among the unexamined or changed conditions are the following:

1. New population forecasts.

2. Impacts of water rates on consumption.

3. Impacts of demand curtailment …

Executive Summary: Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

This is a high level summary of the KWRRI study assessing the water supply concerns in the Kentucky River Basin.