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1998-1999 Monitoring Strategy, Kentucky River Basin Management Unit, L. Ormsbee, G. Epp, E. Caudill, Lee Colten

KWRRI Research Reports

During the fall of 1997 and spring of 1998 about 40 individuals and more than 30 organizations and agencies provided input into the development of a monitoring strategy for the Kentucky River basin under the Kentucky Watershed Management Framework. In addition to the agencies that were able to commit resources to the monitoring effort, citizen input was sought in the design of the strategy. Citizen monitoring efforts are also providing valuable information in many portions of the state. The intent of the coordinated planning process was to carefully consider agency resources and capabilities, taking into account where and when each …

Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 1999, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Annual Technical Reports (USGS’s 104b Grant Program)

The FY 1999 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates the reporting requirements of the Section 104(b) base grant and regional competitive grant awards in a single technical report which includes: 1) a synopsis of each ongoing research project and each research project completed during the period, 2) a list of related reports published, 3) a brief description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable achievements and awards during the year. The activities supported by Section 104 (b) and the required matching funds are interwoven into the Kentucky Water Resources ResearchInsitute's …

Coal Resources Of The Lower Elkhorn Coal Bed In Eastern Kentucky, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, William M. Andrews Jr., John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

This chart is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Lower Elkhorn coal. The maps were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Natural Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. The Lower Elkhorn coal is one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky and has, in some areas, a reputation as an excellent metallurgical-grade coal. It is known locally as the Pond Creek, Imboden, Path Fork, Blue Gem, Straight Creek, Bruin or Vires coal bed. This …

Mining Geology Of The Lower Elkhorn Coal, Stephen F. Greb, Gerald A. Weisenfluh

Map and Chart--KGS

The Lower Elkhorn (and its equivalents) is one of the leading producers of coal in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field with 12 to 18 million short tons of annual production between 1974 and 1996, according to the Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals. Stratigraphically, the coal occurs in the lower part of the Pikeville Formation of the Breathitt Group (Fig. 1), which was previously part of the Breathitt Formation (Chesnut, 1992). The coal occurs from 150 to 300 ft above the base of a thick coarsening-upward sequence containing the Betsie Shale and from 250 to 450 ft beneath the base …

Coal Resources Of The Springfield Coal Bed In Western Kentucky, William M. Andrews Jr., Robert E. Andrews, John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

Historically, the Springfield (Western Kentucky No. 9) coal bed has been the leading source of production in the Western Kentucky Coal Field. The Springfield coal is known for its lateral continuity in terms of both thickness and coal quality. It is estimated to have the largest original and remaining resource in the Western Kentucky Coal Field (Greb and others, 1992).

Total Coal Thickness Of The Fire Clay And Fire Clay Rider Coals In Eastern Kentucky, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, Stephen F. Greb, Jeffery A. Esterle

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Fire Clay coal zone. The maps were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. Within the zone, the Fire Clay coal is the most economically important bed and is one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky. It is known for a persistent flint-clay parting that is believed to be of volcanic origin. This map represents the total coal …

Coal Resources Of The Upper Elkhorn No. 3b Coal (Upper Bed) In Eastern Kentucky, Jeffery A. Esterle, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

This chart is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal zone. The maps and charts were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. The Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal zone has been one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky and, in some areas, is of very high quality. Bed stratigraphy within the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 zone and thickness of the No. 3A …

Mapped Karst Ground-Water Basins In The Bowling Green 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, Joseph A. Ray, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows karst ground-water basins in the Bowling Green quadrangle, determined primarily by ground-water tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the ground-water basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst ground water in the area.

Suda On Line: Byzantine Lexicography, Raphael A. Finkel, Ada Adler, William Hutton, Catharine P. Roth, Patrick Rouke, Ross Scaife, Elizabeth Vandiver, David Whitehead

Library Videos

Pope’s ‘Suidas’ is not a man but a work, The Suda (or Stronghold): a massive 10^th century Byzantine Greek historical encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, covering the whole of Greek and Roman antiquity and also including Biblical and Christian material.

Preserved in several medieval manuscripts, it has been edited and published several times since the end of the 14th century in traditional hard-copy scholarly editions, most recently that of Ada Adler (Teubner, 5 volumes: 1928-1938, reprinted 1971). The Suda On Line (SOL) project, begun in 1998 as part of the Stoa Consortium, opens up this stronghold of …

Mining Geology Of Coals In Western Kentucky, Stephen F. Greb, David A. Williams

Map and Chart--KGS

Each of the most heavily mined coal seams in the Western Kentucky Coal Field, as indicated by analyses, mine visits, and discussions with mine inspectors and engineers, has its own roof and floor characteristics. Also, because roof rocks above several of the seams are laterally continuous (especially in the Carbondale Formation), roof characteristics related to rock type are often widespread and continuous between mines. This chart discusses the mining geology of three western Kentucky coal beds, highlighted on the stratigraphic column shown in Figure 1.

Additional mining obstacles that can affect all coal beds and roof strata are (1) tectonic …

Quality Characteristics Of The Springfield Coal In Western Kentucky, Cortland F. Eble

Map and Chart--KGS

Thickness and quality data from the Kentucky Coal Resources Information System (KCRIS) for the Springfield coal bed are summarized in this chart. Parameter averages and range of values are presented in the two tables, and average values are displayed graphically by county.

Regional Subsurface Geologic Cross Sections Of The Mississippian System, Appalachian Basin, Eastern Kentucky, David C. Harris, Thomas N. Sparks

Map and Chart--KGS

This series of 14 regional cross sections illustrates subsurface stratigraphic correlations of Mississippian (upper Carboniferous) rocks in the Appalachian Basin of eastern Kentucky. These cross sections were constructed as part of a regional stratigraphic study of the Mississippian "Big Lime," a major oil- and gas-producing formation. The series illustrates 10 dip-oriented and 4 strike-oriented lines, extending from the Slade Formation outcrop belt on the northwest, to the state borders on the east and south. Stratigraphic and structural versions are shown for each section to better illustrate thickness and structural variations. These cross sections served as the regional framework during collection …

Quality Characteristics Of The Lower Elkhorn Coal Bed In Eastern Kentucky, Cortland F. Eble

Map and Chart--KGS

Thickness and quality data from the Kentucky Coal Resources Information System (KCRIS) are summarized in this chart for the Lower Elkhorn coal bed (and equivalents). Parameter averages and ranges of values are presented in the two tables, and average values are displayed graphically by county.

Geologic Map Of Kentucky, Garland R. Dever Jr., M. C. Noger

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows the geologic age of rocks and sediments at the surface in Kentucky. Sedimentary rocks, deposited from about 465 to 290 million years ago during the Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian Periods, crop out across the state. The rocks mainly consist of shale, limestone, sandstone, and siltstone. As shown in the cross sections, these surface rocks are underlain by older unexposed rocks of Precambrian, Cambrian, and Ordovician age.

Small bodies of igneous rocks were intruded into the state's bedrock about 270 million years ago during the Permian Period. They crop out in Elliott County of northeastern Kentucky, …

Generalized Geologic Bedrock Conditions As Related To Solid-Waste Landfills In Kentucky, Martin C. Noger

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual landfill sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions throughout the state that affect the selection of solid-waste disposal sites.

Coal Resources Of The Fire Clay Coal Zone In Eastern Kentucky, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, Jeffery A. Esterle, Stephen F. Greb, John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

This chart is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Fire Clay coal zone. The maps and charts were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. Within this coal zone, the Fire Clay coal is the most economically important bed and is one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky. The Fire Clay coal contains a flint-clay parting that is believed to be of volcanic origin. The widespread occurrence …

Total Coal Thickness Of The Upper Elkhorn No. 3a Coal (Lower Bed) In Eastern Kentucky, Jeffery A. Esterle, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal zone. The maps were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. The Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal zone has been one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky and, in some areas, contains very high-quality coal. The zone is composed of a number of distinct coal beds that merge in some areas to form …

Effects Of Longwall Mining On Hydrogeology, Leslie County, Kentucky Part 3: Post-Mining Conditions, Shelley Minns Hutcheson, James A. Kipp, James S. Dinger, Daniel I. Carey, Lyle V.A. Sendlein, Gregory L. Secrist

Report of Investigations--KGS

The effects of longwall coal mining on hydrology in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field have been investigated since 1991. The study area is in the Edd Fork watershed in southern Leslie County, over Shamrock Coal Company's Beech Fork Mine. Longwall panels approximately 700 ft wide are separated by three-entry gateways that are approximately 200 ft wide. The mine is operated in the Fire Clay (Hazard No. 4) coal; overburden thickness ranges from 300 to 800 ft. Mining began in panel 1 in September 1991 and concluded with panel 8 in September 1994. Long-term monitoring consisting of a network of piezometers …

The Effect Of Turfgrass Maintenance On Surface-Water Quality In A Suburban Watershed, Inner Blue Grass, Kentucky, R. Michael Williams, James S. Dinger, Andrew J. Powell, Dwayne R. Edwards

Report of Investigations--KGS

Nutrients and pesticides applied during routine maintenance or establishment of turfgrass could result in nonpoint-source pollution. Nutrient and pesticide concentrations in water exiting a turfgrass management area in the Sinking Creek watershed, a suburban watershed in the Inner Blue Grass Region of central Kentucky, were monitored. This watershed was selected because it contains multiple land uses: agricultural, residential, and recreational (golf course).

A survey was conducted to determine the extent to which lawn-care products are used in the residential sector of the watershed. For the golf-course portion, the golf-course superintendent recorded chemical application daily.

Runoff from the golf course was …

Coal Resources Of The Upper Elkhorn No. 3a Coal (Lower Bed) In Eastern Kentucky, Jeffery A. Esterle, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal zone. The maps were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. The Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal zone has been one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky and, in some areas, is of very high quality. Bed stratigraphy within the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 zone and coal thickness of the No. 3A coal …

Overview Of Environmental Regulations That Affect Coal Combustion, Cortland F. Eble

Information Circular--KGS

Environmental regulations have had, and continue to have, an effect on the combustion of coal. These regulations largely affect the electric utility industry, the largest consumer of domestic coal, but they ultimately affect everyone, because we all use electricity, and the cost of compliance is usually passed on to the consumer, resulting in higher electric bills.

Magnetic Confinement, Magnetohydrodynamic Waves And Smooth Line Profiles In Active Galactic Nuclei, M. C. Bottorff, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

In this paper, we show that if the broad-line region clouds are in approximate energy equipartition between the magnetic field and gravity, as hypothesized by Rees, there will be a significant effect on the shape and smoothness of broad emission-line profiles in active galactic nuclei. Linewidths of contributing clouds or flow elements are much wider than their thermal widths, because of the presence of non-dissipative magnetohydrodynamic waves and their collective contribution produce emission-line profiles broader and smoother than would be expected if a magnetic field were not present. As an illustration, a simple model of isotropically emitting clouds, normally distributed …

Indirect Causation: A Reminder From The Biblical Goring Ox Rule For Fraud On The Market Securities Litigation, Andrew R. Simmonds

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Seismic Evaluation Of The Us41 Northbound Bridge Over The Ohio River At Henderson, Ky, Issam E. Harik, Chelliah Madasamy, Denglin Chen, K. Vasudevan, Leonong Zhou, Kevin Sutterer, Ron Street, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report presents the seismic evaluation of the US41 Northbound bridge over the Ohio River connecting Evansville, Indiana and Henderson, Kentucky. The main bridge is a four-span cantilever through-truss type. The approach bridge has 8 spans on the Evansville, IN side and 35 spans on the Henderson, KY side. Although this bridge has not yet been subjected to a moderate or major earthquake, it is situated within the influence of the New Madrid and Wabash Valley Seismic Zones.

The seismic evaluation program consisted of field testing and seismic response analysis. The modal properties of the main bridge were determined through …

Seismic Evaluation Of The Us41 Southbound Bridge Over The Ohio River At Henderson, Ky, Issam E. Harik, K. Vasudevan, Chelliah Madasamy, Denglin Chen, Leonong Zhou, Kevin Sutterer, Ron Street, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report presents the seismic evaluation of the US41 Southbound bridge over the Ohio River connecting Evansville, Indiana and Henderson, Kentucky. The main bridge is a four-span cantilever through-truss type. The approach bridge has 9 spans on the Evansville, IN side and 20 spans on the Henderson, side. Although this bridge has not yet been subjected to a moderate or major earthquake, it is situated within the influence of the New Madrid and Wabash Valley Seismic Zones.

The seismic evaluation program consisted of field testing and seismic response analysis. The modal properties of the main bridge were determined through field …

Light Backscatter Of Milk Products For Transition Sensing Using Optical Fibers, Frederick A. Payne, Czarena L. Crofcheck, Sue E. Nokes, Klat C. Kang

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Transition sensors are needed, particularly in the dairy industry, for detecting transitions in pipe flow systems from product-to-water or product-to-product (such as from chocolate to vanilla ice cream mix). Transition information is used to automatically sequence valves to minimize product waste. Optical fibers were used to measure light backscatter between 400 and 950 nm as a function of milk concentration in water and milkfat concentration in milk. The normalized response (100% for product and 0% for water) as a function of product concentration in water was approximately logarithmic for skim milk between 400 and 900 nm and approximately linear for …

Runoff From Fescue Plots Treated With Trimec, Cristopher G. Moss, Dwayne R. Edwards, Stephen R. Workman, R. Michael Williams

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Runoff of herbicides can promote adverse impacts in receiving waters. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of rainfall delay, herbicide application rate, rainfall intensity, and pre-application rainfall on runoff of TRIMEC (a combination of 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop), a herbicide that is commonly used in central Kentucky. The levels of rainfall delay were 0, 2, and 4 d following application; and the levels of herbicide application rate were 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 times the recommended rate. Simulated rainfall was applied at intensities of 64, 102, and 140 mm h^-1; and the depths of …

Hubble Space Telescope/Faint Object Spectrograph Spectroscopy Of Spatially Resolved Narrow-Line Regions In The Seyfert 2 Galaxies Ngc 2110 And Ngc 5929, Pierre Ferruit, Andrew S. Wilson, Mark Whittle, Chris Simpson, John S. Mulchaey, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present the results of UV and optical Hubble Space Telescope/Faint Object Spectrograph spectroscopy of bright, extranuclear regions of line emission in the Seyfert galaxies NGC 2110 and NGC 5929. We have obtained spectra of the brightest region of the ``nuclear jet'' of NGC 2110 (75 pc from the nucleus) and of the southwest emission-line cloud of NGC 5929 (90 pc from the nucleus), in the G130H (1090-1605 Å), G190H (1570-2310 Å), G400H (3235-4780 Å), and G570H (4570-6820 Å) configurations. The observed line ratios are compared with the predictions of the two component (matter- and ionization-bounded, MB-IB), central source …

Economic Impact Of Heavy Loads On The Highway Infrastructure, Brad W. Rister, R. Clark Graves, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

During the 1986 General Assembly the Extended-Weight Coal Haul Road System was created by the Kentucky State Legislature. This system was defined to include those highways where more than 50,000 tons of coal had been hauled during the previous year. Trucks hauling coal on the extended-weight system were authorized to exceed the normal weights limits through the payment of an annual decal fee.

In efforts to identify the benefactors of the extended coal haul system legislation, this study has been conducted to identify the overall economic impact of hauling heavier total gross weights by coal truck on the highway infrastructure …

Modeling Surface And Subsurface Pesticide Transport Under Three Field Conditions Using Przm-3 And Gleams, Robert W. Malone, Richard C. Warner, Stephen R. Workman, Matt E. Byers

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Contaminant transport models should be evaluated over a wide range of conditions to determine their limitations. The models PRZM and GLEAMS have been evaluated many times, but few studies are available in which predicted movement in runoff and percolate were simultaneously evaluated against field data. Studies of this type are essential because pesticide leaching and runoff are mutually dependent processes. For this reason, PRZM-3 and GLEAMS were evaluated for their ability to predict metribuzin concentrations in runoff, sediment, subsurface soil, and pan lysimeters under three field conditions (yard waste compost amended, no-till, and conventional-till) on a Lowell silt loam soil. …