Digital Commons Network^™

Foreword And Kfgc Award Winners [2013], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

A Tensile Deformation Model For In-Situ Dendrite/Metallic Glass Matrix Composites, J. W. Qiao, T. Zhang, Fuqian Yang, P. K. Liaw, S. Pauly, B. S. Xu

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

In-situ dendrite/metallic glass matrix composites (MGMCs) with a composition of Ti₄₆Zr₂₀V₁₂Cu₅Be₁₇ exhibit ultimate tensile strength of 1510 MPa and fracture strain of about 7.6%. A tensile deformation model is established, based on the five-stage classification: (1) elastic-elastic, (2) elastic-plastic, (3) plastic-plastic (yield platform), (4) plastic-plastic (work hardening), and (5) plastic-plastic (softening) stages, analogous to the tensile behavior of common carbon steels. The constitutive relations strongly elucidate the tensile deformation mechanism. In parallel, the simulation results by a finite-element method (FEM) are in good agreement with the experimental findings and theoretical calculations. The present study gives a mathematical model to clarify …

Conversion Of Iodide To Hypoiodous Acid And Iodine In Aqueous Microdroplets Exposed To Ozone, Elizabeth A. Pillar, Marcelo I. Guzman, Jose M. Rodriguez

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Halides are incorporated into aerosol sea spray, where they start the catalytic destruction of ozone (O₃) over the oceans and affect the global troposphere. Two intriguing environmental problems undergoing continuous research are (1) to understand how reactive gas phase molecular halogens are directly produced from inorganic halides exposed to O₃ and (2) to constrain the environmental factors that control this interfacial process. This paper presents a laboratory study of the reaction of O₃ at variable iodide (I^–) concentration (0.010–100 μM) for solutions aerosolized at 25 °C, which reveal remarkable differences in the reaction intermediates …

Upland Habitat Quality And Historic Landscape Composition Influence Genetic Variation Of A Pond-Breeding Salamander, Stephen C. Richter, Steve J. Price, Chelsea S. Kross, Jeremiah R. Alexander, Michael E. Dorcas

Forestry and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

Understanding the temporal and spatial scale at which habitat alteration impacts populations is important for conservation and management. Amphibians have declined more than other vertebrates, and pond-breeding species are particularly susceptible to habitat loss and fragmentation because they have terrestrial and aquatic life stages. One approach to management of pond-breeding species is protection of core upland habitat surrounding the breeding pond. We used genetic variation as an indicator of population status in a common amphibian species, spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum), to determine how amount of suitable upland habitat relates to population status in the greater Charlotte, North Carolina, …

A Computational Framework For High-Throughput Isotopic Natural Abundance Correction Of Omics-Level Ultra-High Resolution Ft-Ms Datasets, William J. Carreer, Robert M. Flight, Hunter N. B. Moseley

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

New metabolomics applications of ultra-high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry can provide thousands of detectable isotopologues, with the number of potentially detectable isotopologues increasing exponentially with the number of stable isotopes used in newer isotope tracing methods like stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) experiments. This huge increase in usable data requires software capable of correcting the large number of isotopologue peaks resulting from SIRM experiments in a timely manner. We describe the design of a new algorithm and software system capable of handling these high volumes of data, while including quality control methods for maintaining data quality. We validate this new …

Detecting The Rapidly Expanding Outer Shell Of The Crab Nebula: Where To Look, Xiang Wang, Gary J. Ferland, J. A. Baldwin, E. D. Loh, C. T. Richardson

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present a range of steady-state photoionization simulations, corresponding to different assumed shell geometries and compositions, of the unseen postulated rapidly expanding outer shell to the Crab Nebula. The properties of the shell are constrained by the mass that must lie within it, and by limits to the intensities of hydrogen recombination lines. In all cases the photoionization models predict very strong emissions from high ionization lines that will not be emitted by the Crab's filaments, alleviating problems with detecting these lines in the presence of light scattered from brighter parts of the Crab. The near-NIR [Ne VI] λ7.652 μ …

The Case Against Percentage Grades, Thomas R. Guskey

Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications

It’s time to abandon grading scales that distort the accuracy, objectivity, and reliability of students’ grades.

The Deep2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Design, Observations, Data Reduction, And Redshifts, Jeffery A. Newman, Michael C. Cooper, Marc Davis, S. M. Faber, Alison L. Coil, Puragra Guhathakurta, David C. Koo, Andrew C. Phillips, Charlie Conroy, Aaron A. Dutton, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Brian F. Gerke, David J. Rosario, Benjamin J. Weiner, Renbin Yan, Justin J. Harker, Susan A. Kassin, N. P. Konidaris, Kamson Lai, Darren S. Madgwick, K. G. Noeske, Gregory D. Wirth, A. J. Connolly, N. Kaiser, Evan N. Kirby, Brian C. Lemaux, Lihwai Lin, Jennifer M. Lotz, G. A. Luppino, C. Marinoni

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We describe the design and data analysis of the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey, the densest and largest high-precision redshift survey of galaxies at z ~ 1 completed to date. The survey was designed to conduct a comprehensive census of massive galaxies, their properties, environments, and large-scale structure down to absolute magnitude M_B = –20 at z ~ 1 via ~90 nights of observation on the Keck telescope. The survey covers an area of 2.8 deg² divided into four separate fields observed to a limiting apparent magnitude of R_AB = 24.1. Objects with z ≲ 0.7 are readily …

Supermassive Black Hole Formation At High Redshifts Via Direct Collapse: Physical Processes In The Early Stage, Jun-Hwan Choi, Isaac Shlosman, Mitchell C. Begelman

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We use numerical simulations to explore whether direct collapse can lead to the formation of supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds at high redshifts. Using the adaptive mesh refinement code ENZO, we follow the evolution of gas within slowly tumbling dark matter (DM) halos of M_vir ~ 2 × 10⁸ M_☉ and R_vir ~ 1 kpc. For our idealized simulations, we adopt cosmologically motivated DM and baryon density profiles and angular momentum distributions. Our principal goal is to understand how the collapsing flow overcomes the centrifugal barrier and whether it is subject to fragmentation which can potentially …

Phosphorylation Of Calcineurin At A Novel Serine-Proline Rich Region Orchestrates Hyphal Growth And Virulence In Aspergillus Fumigatus, Praveen R. Juvvadi, Christopher Gehrke, Jarrod R. Fortwendel, Frédéric Lamoth, Erik J. Soderblom, Erik C. Cook, Michael A. Hast, Yohannes G. Asfaw, M. Arthur Moseley, Trevor P. Creamer, William J. Steinbach

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is a leading infectious killer in immunocompromised patients. Calcineurin, a calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein phosphatase comprised of calcineurin A (CnaA) and calcineurin B (CnaB) subunits, localizes at the hyphal tips and septa to direct A. fumigatus invasion and virulence. Here we identified a novel serine-proline rich region (SPRR) located between two conserved CnaA domains, the CnaB-binding helix and the CaM-binding domain, that is evolutionarily conserved and unique to filamentous fungi and also completely absent in human calcineurin. Phosphopeptide enrichment and tandem mass spectrometry revealed the phosphorylation of A. fumigatus CnaA in vivo at four clustered serine residues …

Thimerosal Exposure And The Role Of Sulfation Chemistry And Thiol Availability In Autism, Janet K. Kern, Boyd E. Haley, David A. Geier, Lisa K. Sykes, Paul G. King, Mark R. Geier

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder in which a significant number of the children experience a developmental regression characterized by a loss of previously acquired skills and abilities. Typically reported are losses of verbal, nonverbal, and social abilities. Several recent studies suggest that children diagnosed with an ASD have abnormal sulfation chemistry, limited thiol availability, and decreased glutathione (GSH) reserve capacity, resulting in a compromised oxidation/reduction (redox) and detoxification capacity. Research indicates that the availability of thiols, particularly GSH, can influence the effects of thimerosal (TM) and other mercury (Hg) compounds. TM is an organomercurial compound (49.55% Hg …

Amyloid Β-Peptide (1–42)-Induced Oxidative Stress In Alzheimer Disease: Importance In Disease Pathogenesis And Progression, D. Allan Butterfield, Aaron M. Swomley, Rukhsana Sultana

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Significance: Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. AD is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of AD brain is the presence of senile plaques (SPs) and another is elevated oxidative stress. The main component of SPs is amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) that is derived from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein.

Recent Advances: Recent studies are consistent with the notion that methionine present at 35 position of Aβ is critical to Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Further, we also discuss the signatures of oxidatively modified brain proteins, identified using redox proteomics approaches, during …

Controlled Magnetic Reversal In Permalloy Films Patterned Into Artificial Quasicrystals, Vinayak Shantaram Bhat, J. Sklenar, B. Farmer, J. Woods, Jeffrey Todd Hastings, S. J. Lee, J. B. Ketterson, Lance E. De Long

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We have patterned novel Permalloy thin films with quasicrystalline Penrose P2 tilings and measured their dc magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance absorption. Reproducible anomalies in the hysteretic, low-field data signal a series of abrupt transitions between ordered magnetization textures, culminating in a smooth evolution into a saturated state. Micromagnetic simulations compare well to experimental dc hysteresis loops and ferromagnetic resonance spectra and indicate that systematic control of magnetic reversal and domain wall motion can be achieved via tiling design, offering a new paradigm of magnonic quasicrystals.

Long-Term Spectral Evolution Of Tidal Disruption Candidates Selected By Strong Coronal Lines, Chen-Wei Yang, Ting-Gui Wang, Gary J. Ferland, Weimin Yuan, Hong-Yan Zhou, Peng Jiang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present results of follow-up optical spectroscopic Multi-Mirror Telescope (MMT) observations of seven rare, extreme coronal line-emitting galaxies reported by Wang et al. Large variations in coronal lines are found in four objects, making them strong candidates for tidal disruption events (TDEs). For the four TDE candidates, all the coronal lines with ionization states higher than [Fe VII] disappear within 5-9 yr. The [Fe VII] line faded by a factor of about five in one object (J0952+2143) within 4 yr, whereas the line emerged in another two objects that previously did not show the line. A strong increment in the …

Deficits In Retrospective And Prospective Components Underlying Prospective Memory Tasks In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Ting Zhou, Lucas S. Broster, Yang Jiang, Feng Bao, Huali Wang, Juan Li

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: By use of purer indices of PM and RM components than previous studies and adoption of three PM task types, the present study aimed to investigate the deficits of these two components underlying global impairment at a PM task in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

METHODS: Nineteen aMCI patients and 22 normal controls were examined on event-, time- and activity-based PM tasks. Separate scores were obtained for initiation of intentions (i.e. PM component) and for the content of the intentions (i.e. RM component).

RESULTS: Individuals with aMCI achieved lower PM component (but not RM component) scores than …

Constraints On Oh Megamaser Excitation From A Survey Of Oh Satellite Lines, James Mcbride, Carl Heiles, Moshe Elitzur

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We report the results of a full-Stokes survey of all four 18 cm OH lines in 77 OH megamasers (OHMs) using the Arecibo Observatory. This is the first survey of OHMs that included observations of the OH satellite lines; only four of the 77 OHMs have existing satellite line observations in the literature. Satellite line emission is detected in five sources, three of which are redetections of previously published sources. The two sources with new detections of satellite line emission are IRAS F10173+0829, which was detected at 1720 MHz, and IRAS F15107+0724, for which both the 1612 MHz and 1720 …

Is Security Sustainable?, Jeremy W. Crampton

Geography Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Authorized Access Points In Rda, Julene L. Jones

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

Describes changes to authorities for personal name, family name, and corporate body headings due to RDA implementation. Includes examples and references to guidelines in RDA Toolkit.

The Redshift And Mass Dependence On The Formation Of The Hubble Sequence At Z > 1 From Candels/Uds, Alice Mortlock, Christopher J. Conselice, William G. Hartley, Jamie R. Ownsworth, Caterina Lani, Asa F. L. Bluck, Omar Almaini, Kenneth Duncan, Arjen Van Der Wel, Anton M. Koekemoer, Avishai Dekel, Romeel Davé, Harry C. Ferguson, Duilia F. De Mello, Jeffrey A. Newman, Sandra M. Faber, Norman A. Grogin, Dalibor D. Kocevski, Kamson Lai

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

In this paper we present a detailed study of the structures and morphologies of a sample of 1188 massive galaxies with M_* ≥ 10¹⁰ M_⊙between redshifts z = 1 and 3 within the Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) region of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) field. Using this sample we determine how galaxy structure and morphology evolve with time, and investigate the nature of galaxy structure at high redshift. We visually classify our sample into discs, ellipticals and peculiar systems and correct for redshift effects on these classifications through simulations. We find significant …

Alfred Owre: Revisiting The Thought Of A Distinguished, Though Controversial, Early Twentieth-Century Dental Educator, David A. Nash

Oral Health Science Faculty Publications

Many in dental education are unfamiliar with the professional life and thought of Dr. Alfred Owre, a distinguished though controversial dental educator in the early twentieth century. Owre served as dean of dentistry at both the University of Minnesota, 1905-27, and Columbia University, 1927-33. He was also a member of the Carnegie Foundation's commission that developed the report Dental Education in the United States and Canada, written by Dr. William J. Gies. Owre was a controversial leader due to his creative and original ideas that challenged dental education and the profession. His assessment and critique of the problems of dental …

Interstellar H2O Masers From J Shocks, David Hollenbach, Moshe Elitzur, Christopher F. Mckee

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present a model in which the 22 GHz H₂O masers observed in star-forming regions occur behind shocks propagating in dense regions (preshock density n ₀ ~ 10⁶-10⁸ cm^–3). We focus on high-velocity (v_s ≳ 30 km s^–1) dissociative J shocks in which the heat of H₂ re-formation maintains a large column of ~300-400 K gas; at these temperatures the chemistry drives a considerable fraction of the oxygen not in CO to form H₂O. The H₂O column densities, the hydrogen densities, and the warm …

The Importance Of Major Mergers In The Build Up Of Stellar Mass In Brightest Cluster Galaxies At Z = 1, C. Lidman, G. Iacobuta, A. E. Bauer, L. F. Barrientos, P. Cerulo, W. J. Couch, L. Delaye, R. Demarco, E. Ellingson, A. J. Faloon, D. Gilbank, M. Huertas-Company, S. Mei, J. Meyers, A. Muzzin, A. Noble, J. Nantais, A. Rettura, P. Rosati, R. Sánchez-Janssen, V. Strazzullo, T. M. A. Webb, G. Wilson, Renbin Yan, H. K. C. Yee

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Recent independent results from numerical simulations and observations have shown that brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) have increased their stellar mass by a factor of almost 2 between z ∼ 0.9 and z ∼ 0.2. The numerical simulations further suggest that more than half this mass is accreted through major mergers. Using a sample of 18 distant galaxy clusters with over 600 spectroscopically confirmed cluster members between them, we search for observational evidence that major mergers do play a significant role. We find a major merger rate of 0.38 ± 0.14 mergers per Gyr at z ∼ 1. While the uncertainties, …

Exploring Valid Reference Genes For Quantitative Real-Time Pcr Analysis In Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Wei Fu, Wen Xie, Zhuo Zhang, Shaoli Wang, Qingjun Wu, Yong Liu, Xiaomao Zhou, Xuguo Zhou, Youjun Zhang

Entomology Faculty Publications

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), a primary tool in gene expression analysis, requires an appropriate normalization strategy to control for variation among samples. The best option is to compare the mRNA level of a target gene with that of reference gene(s) whose expression level is stable across various experimental conditions. In this study, expression profiles of eight candidate reference genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, were evaluated under diverse experimental conditions. RefFinder, a web-based analysis tool, integrates four major computational programs including geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, and the comparative ΔCt method to comprehensively rank the tested candidate …

A Collaborative Professional Development Approach To Improving Student Outcomes, Jillian Starman, Ann Larson, Eve Proffitt, Thomas R. Guskey, Xin Ma

Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to analyze the strategy used to develop a collaborative professional development process that focused on the implementation of the common core state standards. In addition, the author will report findings, and discuss the effectiveness of the initiative for postsecondary faculty. Faculty can verify that not every student comes to a two or four year college program prepared to succeed in credit bearing coursework. To facilitate improvement of student success, states across the country collaborated with teachers, researchers and leading experts to design and develop the common core state standards. The standards were developed to …

Does It Have To Taste Bad To Be Good? Leveraging Pleasure To Enhance Learning, Karen H. Dougherty M.D.

Kentucky Journal of Higher Education Policy and Practice

Emerging information from the field of neuroscience has illuminated the workings of the brain’s pleasure circuit as a powerful motivator of human behavior. While much of the research has been driven by an effort to uncover the roots of addiction, an understanding of the aspects of pleasure can be applied to the design of teaching strategies to engage college students and improve their retention and persistence.

Tuning The JEff = 1/2 Insulating State Via Electron Doping And Pressure In The Double-Layered Iridate Sr3Ir2O7, L. Li, P. P. Kong, Tongfei Qi, C. Q. Jin, Shujuan Yuan, Lance E. Delong, P. Schlottmann, Gang Cao

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Sr₃Ir₂O₇ exhibits a novel J_eff = 1/2 insulating state that features a splitting between J_eff = 1/2 and 3/2 bands due to spin-orbit interaction. We report a metal-insulator transition in Sr3Ir2O7 via either dilute electron doping (La³⁺ for Sr²⁺) or application of high pressure up to 35 GPa. Our study of single-crystal Sr₃Ir₂O₇ and (Sr_1−xLa_x)₃Ir₂O₇ reveals that application of high hydrostatic pressure P leads to a drastic reduction in the electrical resistivity by as much …

Comparative Feedstock Analysis In Setaria Viridis L. As A Model For C4 Bioenergy Grasses And Panicoid Crop Species, Carloalberto Petti, Andrew Shearer, Mizuki Tateno, Mathew J. Ruwaya, Sue E. Nokes, Tom Brutnell, Seth Debolt

Horticulture Faculty Publications

Second generation feedstocks for bioethanol will likely include a sizable proportion of perennial C4 grasses, principally in the Panicoideae clade. The Panicoideae contain agronomically important annual grasses including Zea mays L. (maize), Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (sorghum), and Saccharum officinarum L. (sugar cane) as well as promising second generation perennial feedstocks including Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass). The underlying complexity of these polyploid grass genomes is a major limitation for their direct manipulation and thus driving a need for rapidly cycling comparative model. Setaria viridis (green millet) is a rapid cycling C4 panicoid grass with a relatively …

Polypeptides, Systems, And Methods Useful For Detecting Glucose, Sylvia Daunert, Kendrick Turner, Smita Joel, Laura Rowe

Chemistry Faculty Patents

The presently-disclosed subject matter provides biosensors for detecting molecules of interest. The biosensors include a polypeptide capable of selectively-binding glucose, wherein the polypeptide molecule is selected from: an unnatural analogue of wild type glucose binding protein; a fragment of wild type glucose binding protein; and an unnatural analogue fragment of wild type glucose binding protein.

Influence Of Media Composition On The Growth Rate Of Chlorella Vulgaris And Scenedesmus Acutus Utilized For Co2 Mitigation, Czarena L. Crofcheck, Xinyi E, Aubrey Shea, Michael D. Montross, Mark Crocker, Rodney Andrews

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased since the industrial revolution due to increasing combustion of fossil fuels. One possible CO₂ mitigation strategy is the use of microalgae for mitigation of CO₂. This paper focuses on the influence of media composition on the growth rate of two microalgae strains, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus actus. A KNO₃ based medium was found to work better for Chlorella, while a urea based equivalent worked better for Scenedesmus. The urea based media investigated here resulted in growth similar to that found with previously reported KNO₃ based media. …

Single-Step Electrochemical Functionalization Of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube (Dwcnt) Membranes And The Demonstration Of Ionic Rectification, Xin Zhan, Ji Wu, Zhiqiang Chen, Bruce J. Hinds

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes allow the mimicking of natural ion channels for applications in drug delivery and chemical separation. Double-walled carbon nanotube membranes were simply functionalized with dye in a single step instead of the previous two-step functionalization. Non-faradic electrochemical impedance spectra indicated that the functionalized gatekeeper by single-step modification can be actuated to mimic the protein channel under bias. This functional chemistry was proven by a highly efficient ion rectification, wherein the highest experimental rectification factor of ferricyanide was up to 14.4. One-step functionalization by electrooxidation of amine provides a simple and promising functionalization chemistry for the application of …