Digital Commons Network^™

Restoring Rangelands For Nutrition And Health For Humans And Livestock, I. Öborn, A. Bargués Tobella, G. Bostedt, A. Hörnell, P. Knutsson, K. Lindvall, D. Mpairwe, S. Mureithi, G. Nyberg, Y. Nyberg, B. Schumann, A. Turinawe, T. Vågen, D. Wakjira, L. Winowiecki, E. Wredle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Drylands cover 40% of the global land area and host 2 billion people, of which 90% live in low- or middleincome countries. Drylands often face severe land degradation, low agricultural productivity, rapid population growth, widespread poverty, and poor health. Governance structures and institutions are often eroded. Livestock-based livelihoods, largely depending on seasonal migration are common. Pastoralist communities and their land are highly vulnerable to climate shocks, while there are also changes in land tenure, insecurity/conflicts and rapid infrastructure development. Drylands Transform is an interdisciplinary research project revolving around the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The project aim is to contribute …

Range Condition Classification Based On Quantitative Characteristics Of Vegetation, Nafiseh Fakhar, Mansour Mesdaghi, Kamal Naseri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Change in range condition classes over time are usually the basis for monitoring management effectiveness. Several approaches have been proposed to monitor the range condition classes in relation to a bench mark usually called climax stage. There are some types of range condition classification often included in a range inventory. In this paper, six factors of canopy cover, litter frequency, plant vigour, soil protection percentage, plant composition, and present production as a percentage of indicative state were described for determination range conditions. We have determined range condition classes by using R software. This method was developed by FAO projects in …

Long-Term Water Balance Evaluation In Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials, Howard Roberts, David Berzins, John Nicholson

Oral Health Practice Faculty Publications

The complex role of water in glass ionomer cement (polyalkenoate) dental restorative materials has been studied, but much of the present understanding concerning water balance within these materials is based on very early studies and short-term experiments. This study evaluated the nature of the water species of six conventional and four resin modified glass ionomer restorative materials over 3 years using thermogravimetric analysis techniques. Materials were prepared, placed in crucibles, and stored in physiologic phosphate buffered saline and evaluated at 24 h, 1 week, and then at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. All materials …

Unpacking The Behavioural Components And Delivery Features Of Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Interventions In The Topchild Collaboration: A Systematic Review And Intervention Coding Protocol, Brittany J. Johnson, Kylie E. Hunter, Rebecca K. Golley, Paul Chadwick, Angie Barba, Mason Aberoumand, Sol Libesman, Lisa Askie, Rachael W. Taylor, Kristy P. Robledo, Seema Mihrshahi, Denise A. O'Connor, Alison J. Hayes, Luke Wolfenden, Charles T. Wood, Louise A. Baur, Chris Rissel, Lukas P. Staub, Sarah Taki, Wendy Smith, Ana Maria Linares

Nursing Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about how early (eg, commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to (1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), (2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours and (3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Annual comprehensive systematic searches will be performed in Epub Ahead of Print/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, as well as …

Transforming Obesity Prevention For Children (Topchild) Collaboration: Protocol For A Systematic Review With Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Of Behavioural Interventions For The Prevention Of Early Childhood Obesity, Kylie E. Hunter, Brittany J. Johnson, Lisa Askie, Rebecca K. Golley, Louise A. Baur, Ian C. Marschner, Rachael W. Taylor, Luke Wolfenden, Charles T. Wood, Seema Mihrshahi, Alison J. Hayes, Chris Rissel, Kristy P. Robledo, Denise A. O'Connor, David Espinoza, Lukas P. Staub, Paul Chadwick, Sarah Taki, Angie Barba, Sol Libesman, Ana Maria Linares

Nursing Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Behavioural interventions in early life appear to show some effect in reducing childhood overweight and obesity. However, uncertainty remains regarding their overall effectiveness, and whether effectiveness differs among key subgroups. These evidence gaps have prompted an increase in very early childhood obesity prevention trials worldwide. Combining the individual participant data (IPD) from these trials will enhance statistical power to determine overall effectiveness and enable examination of individual and trial-level subgroups. We present a protocol for a systematic review with IPD meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth, and …

A Muscle Cell-Macrophage Axis Involving Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Facilitates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling With Mechanical Loading, Bailey D. Peck, Kevin A. Murach, R. Grace Walton, Alexander J. Simmons, Douglas E. Long, Kate Kosmac, Cory M. Dungan, Philip A. Kern, Marcas M. Bamman, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle plays an integral role in tissue development, structural support, and force transmission. For successful adaptation to mechanical loading, remodeling processes must occur. In a large cohort of older adults, transcriptomics revealed that genes involved in ECM remodeling, including matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), were the most upregulated following 14 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identified macrophages as a source of Mmp14 in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice. In vitro contractile activity in myotubes revealed that the gene encoding cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor ( …

A Muscle Cell-Macrophage Axis Involving Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Facilitates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling With Mechanical Loading, Bailey D. Peck, Kevin A. Murach, R. Grace Walton, Alexander J. Simmons, Douglas E. Long, Kate Kosmac, Cory M. Dungan, Philip A. Kern, Marcas M. Bamman, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle plays an integral role in tissue development, structural support, and force transmission. For successful adaptation to mechanical loading, remodeling processes must occur. In a large cohort of older adults, transcriptomics revealed that genes involved in ECM remodeling, including matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), were the most upregulated following 14 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identified macrophages as a source of Mmp14 in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice. In vitro contractile activity in myotubes revealed that the gene encoding cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor ( …

Short Chain Fatty Acids Taken At Time Of Thrombectomy In Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Are Independent Of Stroke Severity But Associated With Inflammatory Markers And Worse Symptoms At Discharge, Nicholas Henry, Jacqueline A. Frank, Christopher J. Mclouth, Amanda L. Trout, Andrew J. Morris, Jianzhong Chen, Ann M. Stowe, Justin F. Fraser, Keith R. Pennypacker

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites that contribute to the gut-brain axis and may impact stroke outcomes following gut dysbiosis. We evaluated plasma SCFA concentrations against stroke severity parameters and identified SCFA-associated protein networks.

Methods: The Blood and Clot Thrombectomy Registry and Collaboration (BACTRAC), a continuously enrolling tissue bank, was used to obtain stroke samples. Arterial blood distal and proximal to the thrombus was obtained from Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Patients (n=53) during thrombectomy. Patient demographics, stroke presentation and outcome parameters were reported. The SCFAs were isolated from proximal plasma via chemical derivatization UHPLC coupled tandem …

Effect Of Cutting Stage And Turning Frequency On Nutritive Value And Digestibility Of Two Tropical Forages, M. M. Chiphwanya, F. C. Chigwa, H. D. C. Msiska

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Malawi, feed shortage during the dry season (June-October) is a critical factor affecting smallholder dairying. Though suitable improved forages were long introduced, important parameters that indicate forage and hay quality for dry season feeding have been less well studied. This study evaluated the effect of cutting stage and turning frequency at drying of two tropical forages on nutrient composition and digestibility. A 2³ factorial experiment laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design was conducted in Mzuzu milk shed area. Centrosema pubescens and Chloris gayana were established on four plots (5m x 3m) each by 24 dairy farmers; two …

Diversity And Taxonomic Identity Of Rumen Bacterial Community In Cattle Fed Different Diets, B. K. Korir, J. K. N. Kuria, D. M. Mwangi, M. M. M. Wanyoike

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In this study, the identity of rumen bacterial community and their taxonomic classification in Zebu heifers (n=24) fed 4 different diets (range grasses, Bracharia MulatoII, Azolla and Cassava leaf meal) was surveyed using metagenomics sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene. Rumen liquor samples were collected from the heifers from which a total of 192 DNA samples were amplified and the resulting 16S rRNA sequences compared to the existing sequences at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST database through the MetagenAssist . Bioinformatics analyses indicated that 17 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were present at the phylum level. Of these, 43.3% …

Reactive Oxygen Species (Ros) And Antioxidants As Immunomodulators In Exercise: Implications For Heme Oxygenase And Bilirubin, David Travis Thomas, Nicholas R. Delcimmuto, Kyle D. Flack, David E. Stec, Terry D. Hinds Jr.

Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition Faculty Publications

Exercise is commonly prescribed as a lifestyle treatment for chronic metabolic diseases as it functions as an insulin sensitizer, cardio-protectant, and essential lifestyle tool for effective weight maintenance. Exercise boosts the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent transient oxidative damage, which also upregulates counterbalancing endogenous antioxidants to protect from ROS-induced damage and inflammation. Exercise elevates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) expression as built-in protective mechanisms, which produce the most potent antioxidant, bilirubin. Together, these mitigate inflammation and adiposity. Moderately raising plasma bilirubin protects in two ways: (1) via its antioxidant capacity to reduce ROS and …

Impact Of Grazing Management On Productivity Of Tropical Grasslands, Moacyr Corsi, Geraldo B. Martha Jr., Domício Do Nascimento Jr., Marco A. A. Balsalobre

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Beef and dairy cattle enterprises from tropical pasture-based systems are notoriously of low productivity. The low soil fertility, the exploitation of native grasslands, the low genetic potential of the animals and the poor management of soil, pasture and animal components are all arguments used to explain these “low-productivity systems”. In fact, research has consistently indicated up to 50% increase in calving rate when animals grazing unfertilized pastures were supplemented with trace-mineralized salt (Table 1) but unfortunately less than 90% of Brazilian farmers use this management strategy (Tosi, 1997). However, a recent survey conducted by São Paulo State government showed that …

Highly-Individualized Physical Therapy Instruction Beyond The Clinic Using Wearable Inertial Sensors, Samir A. Rawashdeh, Ella Reimann, Timothy L. Uhl

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Musculoskeletal conditions, often requiring rehabilitation, affect one-third of the U.S. population annually. This paper presents rehabilitation assistive technology that includes body-worn motion sensors and a mobile application that extends the reach of a physical rehabilitation specialist beyond the clinic to ensure that home exercises are performed with the same precision as under clinical supervision. Assisted by a specialist in the clinic, the wearable sensors and user interface developed allow the capture of individualized exercises unique to the patient’s physical abilities. Beyond the clinical setting, the system can assist patients by providing real-time corrective feedback to repeat these exercises through a …

Impact Of Enclosures On Range Productivity In Chepareria West Pokot County Kenya, Regina W. Waiganjo, P. N. Mwangi, Rebecca H. Karanja

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the semi-arid areas of West Pokot particularly Chepareria, majority of the people live semi sedentary lives while others are nomadic pastoralists. In the last three decades, there have been concerted efforts to restore and improve rangeland in this area. Use of enclosures, which is one of the key interventions, by the Vi Agro- forestry a Non-Governmental Organisation, enhancing with many ecological processes such as disturbance, is a method of rehabilitating degraded rangeland, which in turn affects vegetation dynamics. Adoption of these strategies by farmers has been gradual and some areas are still open and degraded. The aim of this …

Stocking Rate And Supplementation Effects On Performance Of Lambs Grazing Triticale And Ryegrass Sward In Uruguay, R. San Julián, Fabio Montossi, L. Guarino, F. Pittaluga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was carried out from 9 June to 2 October 1997, using a Lolium multiflorum Lom. (Ryegrass) and X Triticosecale Wittmack (triticale) sward to evaluate the effect of stocking rate (SR; 20, 30 and 40 lambs/ha), and supplementation (S; with or without) on Corriedale lamb performance. SR had a significant effect on: liveweight gain (160, 130 and 90 g/an/d, P< 0.01); greasy fleece weight (2.8, 2.7 and 2.3 kg, P< 0.01); fiber diameter (28, 27, and 26 microns, P< 0.05); rib eye depth (2.4, 2.1 and 2.0 cm, P< 0.05); fat cover (3.2, 2.1 and 1.5 cm, P< 0.01); hot carcass weight (17.7, 15.6 and 13.5 kg/an, P< 0.01); GR (10.5, 6.6 and 4.2 mm, P< 0.01) and boneless leg weight (1.56, 1.42 and 1.24 kg, P< 0.05), for 20, 30 and 40 lambs per ha, respectively. At the highest SR, lambs increased grazing time (59 vs 52%) and biting rate (29 vs 26 bites/lamb/min). The mayor influence of S on lamb performance was found in grazing behavior variables: (grazing time (63 vs 50%, P< 0.01); biting rate (26.8 vs 28.4 bites/lamb/min, P< 0.01)), carcass characteristics: (hot carcass weight (15.3 vs 16.0 kg, P< 0.05); GR (7.9 and 6.3 mm, P< 0.05)) for with and without supplement, respectively. Over the experimental period (115 days), liveweight production and wool production ranged from 358 to 437 kg/ha for 20 and 30 lambs/ha respectively, and wool production from 55 to 93 kg/ha for 20 and 40 lambs/ha respectively. These results show the potential use of mixed ryegrass and triticale swards to produce high quality lamb meat even at high SRs, and the convenience of using supplements only when sward conditions are not sufficient to maintain an adequate lamb performance, particularly when high lamb SRs are used.

Online Pilot Grocery Intervention Among Rural And Urban Residents Aimed To Improve Purchasing Habits, Alison A. Gustafson, Rachel Gillespie, Emily M. Dewitt, Brittany Cox, Brynnan Dunaway, Lindsey Haynes-Maslow, Elizabeth Anderson Steeves, Angela C. B. Trude

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Online grocery shopping has the potential to improve access to food, particularly among low-income households located in urban food deserts and rural communities. The primary aim of this pilot intervention was to test whether a three-armed online grocery trial improved fruit and vegetable (F&V) purchases. Rural and urban adults across seven counties in Kentucky, Maryland, and North Carolina were recruited to participate in an 8-week intervention in fall 2021. A total of 184 adults were enrolled into the following groups: (1) brick-and-mortar “BM” (control participants only received reminders to submit weekly grocery shopping receipts); (2) online-only with no support “O” …

Coordinated Speech Therapy, Physiotherapy, And Pharmaceutical Care Telehealth For People With Parkinson Disease In Rural Communities: An Exploratory, 8-Week Cohort Study For Feasibility, Safety, And Signal Of Efficacy, Mary Jo Cooley Hidecker, Merrill R. Landers, Annalisa Piccorelli, Erin Bush, Reshmi Singh

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Publications

Introduction: The potential for coordinated, multidisciplinary telehealth to help connect people with Parkinson disease (PD) in rural areas to PD specialists is crucial in optimizing care. Therefore, this study aimed to test the feasibility, safety, and signal of efficacy of a coordinated telehealth program, consisting of speech therapy, physiotherapy, and pharmaceutical care, for people with PD living in some rural US communities.

Methods: Fifteen individuals with PD living in rural Wyoming and Nevada, USA, participated in this single-cohort, 8-week pilot study. Participants were assessed before and after 8 weeks of coordinated, one-on-one telehealth using the following outcomes: (1) …

Choice Bundling Increases Valuation Of Delayed Losses More Than Gains In Cigarette Smokers, Jeffrey S. Stein, Jeremiah M. Brown, Allison N. Tegge, Roberta Freitas-Lemos, Mikhail N. Koffarnus, Warren K. Bickel, Gregory J. Madden

Family and Community Medicine Faculty Publications

Choice bundling, in which a single choice produces a series of repeating consequences over time, increases valuation of delayed monetary and non-monetary gains. Interventions derived from this manipulation may be an effective method for mitigating the elevated delay discounting rates observed in cigarette smokers. No prior work, however, has investigated whether the effects of choice bundling generalize to reward losses. In the present study, an online panel of cigarette smokers (N = 302), recruited using survey firms Ipsos and InnovateMR, completed assessments for either monetary gains or losses (randomly assigned). In Step 1, participants completed a delay-discounting task to …

Associations Between Feeding Behaviors Collected From An Automated Milk Feeder And Neonatal Calf Diarrhea In Group Housed Dairy Calves: A Case-Control Study, Meridith H. Conboy, Charlotte B. Winder, Melissa C. Cantor, Joao H. C. Costa, Michael A. Steele, Catalina Medrano-Galarza, Taika E. Von Konigslow, Amanda Kerr, Dave L. Renaud

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The objective of this case-control study was to determine if feeding behavior data collected from an automated milk feeder (AMF) could be used to predict neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) in the days surrounding diagnosis in pre-weaned group housed dairy calves. Data were collected from two research farms in Ontario between 2017 and 2020 where calves fed using an AMF were health scored daily and feeding behavior data (milk intake (mL/d), drinking speed (mL/min), number of rewarded or unrewarded visits) was collected. Calves with NCD were pair matched to healthy controls (31 pairs) by farm, gender, and age at case diagnosis …

Local Knowledge On The Changes In Vegetation Composition And Abundance In Rusinga Island, Homa Bay County, Kenya, M. N. Nyaga, S. M. Mureithi, V. O. Wasonga, O. K. Koech

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Local communities have been coping with environmental dynamics since time immemorial, and they often possess considerable knowledge about environmental change, as well as mechanisms of coping with the consequences of such changes. Local knowledge on the changes in vegetation composition and abundance is therefore fundamental for the development of management strategies aimed at sustainable use and conservation of natural vegetation resources. Household interviews (n=150), Key informant interviews (n=30) and Focus group discussions (n=4) were used in this study to extract information on the communities’ perceptions on the status of vegetation in Rusinga Island of …

Reply To: "Microvascular Breakdown Due To Retinal Neurodegeneration In Ataxias", Christopher A. Turski, Gabrielle N. Turski, Jennifer Faber, Stefan J. Teipel, Frank G. Holz, Thomas Klockgether, Robert P. Finger

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Combined Driving: Task-Specific Position Impacts Grip Strength Of Equestrian Athletes, Michaela M. Keener, Kimberly I. Tumlin, Nicholas R. Heebner

Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Loss of hand strength is a predictor of mortality in aging populations. Despite reliance on the hands to participate in equestrian driving activity, no existing studies focus on associations of hand strength to athletic performance. Therefore, this study 1) established baseline handgrip of equestrian combined drivers in standing and task-specific positions, 2) determined endurance of task-specific handgrip, 3) compared handgrip strength to normative data, and 4) evaluated associations of handgrip and equestrian-specific variables.

METHODS: There were 51 combined drivers (9 males, 42 females) ages 21-78 who completed a survey, standing handgrip, and grip strength and endurance in a task-specific …

Back To The Roots - Do Traditional Maasai Management Strategies Work Towards Resilience Against Unpredictable Rainfall And Grazing Pressure In Northern Tanzania?, S. A. Baumgartner, A. C. Treydte

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Despite the importance for people´s livelihoods, many semi-arid African savannas are prone to heavy degradation due to overutilization by people, livestock and increased climate variability. Rangeland management, such as transhumance and deferred grazing systems, practiced by the Maasai in northern Tanzania, can be useful in combating the negative consequences of overuse and increasing rainfall variability. But little is known on how different rangeland regimes, practiced by the Maasai, impacts the productivity of these rangelands.

We collected data on regrowth rates under different rangeland management regimes (rainy season grazing land, dry season grazing land, and seasonal exclosures), different harvest rates (month, …

An Integrated Framework To Study Ecological Tipping Points In Social-Ecological Systems, F. A. Männer, L.-M. Schwarz, D. A. Menestrey-Schwieger, V. Amputu, M. C. Bilton, K. Brinkmann, G. Dressler, N. Hamunyela, H. Heita, S. Heshmati, S. Liehr, M. Mbidzo, F. Munyebvu-Chambara, W. C. Nesongano, M. Rauchecker, A. Sandhage-Hofmann, K. Tielbörger, K. Zimmer, A. Linstädter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sudden regime shifts or tipping points pose a major threat to various ecosystems and people's livelihoods worldwide. However, tipping points are still hard to predict and often occur without warning. To avoid dramatic social-ecological consequences, it is crucial to understand tipping point behaviour and to identify early warning indicators. Previous studies have hardly implemented an integrated social-ecological approach, which has led to a fragmented understanding and oversimplification of tipping point phenomena. Against this background, we present a systemic research framework that harmonizes ecological and social perspectives to gain a mechanistic understanding of tipping point behaviour. We utilize a social-ecological systems …

An Integrated Assessment And Management Optimization System For Grazinglands, D. Toledo, J. E. Herrick, S. Goslee, M. Sanderson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands and pasturelands are often assessed using different methodologies. The Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health and Pasture Condition Scoring methodologies, two techniques used widely across the USA, were developed for rangelands and pasturelands respectively. These two grazingland assessment techniques were determined to be complementary and if integrated could provide an optimized approach to measure grazinglands without regards to specific use (i.e. range or pasture). We present an improved grazingland assessment protocol that merges indicators and attributes from Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health and Pasture Condition Scoring methodologies. This Integrated Grazingland Assessment (IGA) approach allows evaluators to assess site conditions and …

A Qualitative Study On Pharmacy Policies Toward Over-The-Counter Syringe Sales In A Rural Epicenter Of Us Drug-Related Epidemics, Monica Fadanelli, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Patricia R. Freeman, April M. Ballard, Umed Ibragimov, April M. Young

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Expanding access to sterile syringes in rural areas is vital, as injection-related epidemics expand beyond metropolitan areas globally. While pharmacies have potential to be an easily accessible source of sterile syringes, research in cities has identified moral, legal and ethical barriers that preclude over-the-counter (OTC) sales to people who inject drugs (PWID). The current study builds on prior urban-based research by elucidating (1) pharmacy OTC policies and (2) pharmacists' rationale for, and barriers and facilitators to, OTC syringe sales in a US rural area hard hit by drug-related epidemics.

METHODS: We conducted 14 semi-structured interviews with pharmacists recruited from …

Patients’ Openness To Discussing Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Deactivation At End Of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kyoung Suk Lee, Oonjee Oh, Jennifer Miller, Muna Hassan Hammash, David R. Thompson, Chantal F. Ski, Jan Cameron, Seon Young Hwang, Debra K. Moser

Nursing Faculty Publications

Aims It is recommended that patients and clinicians discuss end-of-life deactivation of their implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) prior to device implantation and throughout the illness trajectory to facilitate shared decision-making. However, such discussions rarely occur, and little is known about patients’ openness to this discussion. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with patients’ openness to discussing end-of-life ICD deactivation with clinicians. Methods and results This cross-sectional study recruited 293 patients with an ICD from outpatient clinics in the USA, Australia, and South Korea. Patients were classified into an open or resistant group based on their desire …

Transforming Science Into Practice, Janice Jiggins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The space for action that might move agricultural systems toward sustainability is narrowing. In so far as increasing dis-order in agroecosystems and food systems is caused by human agency, then remedial action must take account of cognition. This article argues that an understanding of cognitive processes is essential, as the foundation for participatory R, D & E that builds platforms of cooperation, binding actors into communities of learning that are trasnforming both science and practice.

Technology Transfer And Education Training And Extension In Grassland Farming, K. G. Rickert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stakeholders in grassland farming, including farmers, rural communities, urban consumers, politicians, educators, and service agencies, widely agree that the goal for grassland farming is the triple bottom line: farming systems that are ecologically sustainable, profitable and socially acceptable. This paper considers how extension and training might contribute to that worthy goal by encouraging practitioners to better manage their management environment. The notion of a management environment refers to a holistic consideration of those factors that impact on farmers, farm advisors or educators, that subset of grassland farming ‘practitioners’ within the wider range of stakeholders.

The difficulty faced by these practitioners …

Impact Of Impaired Glucose Metabolism On Periodontitis Progression Over Three Years, Oelisoa M. Andriankaja, Kaumudi Joshipura, Francisco Muñoz, Bruce A. Dye, Frank B. Hu, Cynthia M. Pérez

Center for Oral Health Research Faculty Publications

We evaluated the relationship between glucose abnormalities and periodontitis in overweight/obese individuals. Eight hundred and seventy (870) diabetes-free participants aged 40–65 years completed the three-year follow-up in the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. The ADA thresholds for fasting and 2-h post-load glucose and HbA1c were used to define prediabetes. The NHANES methods were used to assess periodontitis. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between baseline glucose metabolism measures and periodontitis at follow-up, adjusting for potential confounders. There was no association between impaired glucose measures and mean pocket depth (PD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), or mean …