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A Probabilistic Approach To Estimate The Temporal Order Of Pathway Mutations Accounting For Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity, Menghan Wang, Yanqi Xie, Jinpeng Liu, Austin Li, Li Chen, Arnold Stromberg, Susanne Arnold, Chunming Liu, Chi Wang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

The development of cancer involves the accumulation of somatic mutations in several essential biological pathways. Delineating the temporal order of pathway mutations during tumori- genesis is crucial for comprehending the biological mechanisms underlying cancer development and identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Several computational and statistical methods have been introduced for estimating the order of somatic mutations based on mutation profile data from a cohort of patients. However, one major issue of current methods is that they do not take into account intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which limits their ability to accurately discern the order of pathway mutations. To address this …

Response To Replication Stress And Maintenance Of Genome Stability By Wrn, The Werner Syndrome Protein, David K. Orren, Amrita Machwe

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by loss of function of WRN. WS is a segmental progeroid disease and shows early onset or increased frequency of many characteristics of normal aging. WRN possesses helicase, annealing, strand exchange, and exonuclease activities and acts on a variety of DNA substrates, even complex replication and re- combination intermediates. Here, we review the genetics, biochemistry, and probably physiological functions of the WRN protein. Although its precise role is unclear, evidence suggests WRN plays a role in pathways that respond to replication stress and maintain genome stability particularly in telomeric regions.

Discussions Of Cancer Survivorship Care Needs: Are There Rural Versus Urban Inequities?, Tyrone F. Borders, Lindsey R. Hammerslag

Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: Rural cancer survivors may face greater challenges receiving survivorship care than urban cancer survivors.

Purpose: To test for rural versus urban inequities and identify other correlates of discussions about cancer survivorship care with healthcare professionals.

Methods: Data are from the 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), which included a cancer survivorship supplement. Adult survivors were asked if they discussed with a healthcare professional 5 components of survivorship care: need for follow-up services, lifestyle/health recommendations, emotional/social needs, long-term side effects, and a summary of treatments received. The Behavioral Model of Health Services guided the inclusion of predisposing, enabling, and need …

Policy Options For Decreasing N And P2o5 Losses From Grassland Based Dairy Farms, P.B M. Berentsen, G.W J. Giesen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Policy instruments for reducing nutrient losses include extension and education, research, financial incentives such as subsidies and levies, and regulations. The potential of these instruments for reducing nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5), and ammonia (NH3) losses is examined for Dutch specialized dairy farms on sandy soils. A linear programming model is used to estimate policy impacts. Results indicate that efficiency improvements through extension, education, and research alone have the potential to decrease total N losses to government target levels in 2005 and to erase 92% of the gap between base and target P2O5 losses, but only 24% of the corresponding NH3 …

Bet Inhibition Decreases Hmgcs2 And Sensitizes Resistant Pancreatic Tumors To Gemcitabine., Aubrey L. Miller, Samuel C. Fehling, Rebecca B. Vance, Dongquan Chen, Eric Josh Brown, M. Iqbal Hossain, Eric O. Heard, Shaida A. Andrabi, Hengbin Wang, Eddy S. Yang, Donald J. Buchsbaum, Robert C. A. M. Van Waardenburg, Susan L. Bellis, Karina J. Yoon

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Efforts to develop targetable molecular bases for drug resistance for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been equivocally successful. Using RNA-seq and ingenuity pathway analysis we identified that the superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis is upregulated in gemcitabine resistant (gemR) tumors using a unique PDAC PDX model with resistance to gemcitabine acquired in vivo. Analysis of additional in vitro and in vivo gemR PDAC models showed that HMG-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), an enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and rate limiting in ketogenesis, is overexpressed in these models. Mechanistic data demonstrate the novel findings that HMGCS2 contributes to gemR and confers metastatic properties …

Post-Harvest Residue Management For Fine Fescue Seed Crops In Oregon, T G. Chastain, W C. Young Iii, G L. Kiemnec, C J. Garbacik, G A. Gingrich, G H. Cook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On-farm trials were conducted from 1992 to 1995 to investigate the efficacy of alternative post-harvest residue management practices for production of fine-leaf fescue seed crops, creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and Chewings fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaud.). Seed yield and seed quality were maintained in Chewings fescue seed crops without burning when residue management techniques removed most of the straw and stubble remaining after harvest. Seed yield was reduced to unacceptable levels by all nonthermal management practices in creeping red fescue.

Ecological Site Database- Basic Site Information For Resource Analysis And Decision Making, S L. Ekblad, J R. Carlson, W R. Oaks

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) describes and interprets range, native pasture, grazable forest, pasture, and hayland with ecological site descriptions and forage suitability groups. Ecological sites have evolved from agency range and woodland site descriptions, and have integrated alternate and more recent concepts with the traditional succession-retrogression model for site classification and interpretation. Ecological site interpretations are based on vegetation sampling by weight and composition, and other field data collection. Sample data is recorded and managed in the Ecological Site Information System (ESIS) and is analyzed to identify and develop site and suitability group descriptions. ESIS provides data …

Agri-21: Sustainable Farming Demonstration, M Rasnake, W R. Burris, G D. Lacefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On-farm demonstrations were established in 1993 to demonstrate the technology required to conduct a profitable and sustainable farming operation into the 21st Century. These were part of a cooperative program between the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and Land Grant Universities in the seven states of the TVA region. Four demonstrations were established in Kentucky. A beef farm in west Kentucky will be used to illustrate the project. This farm improved crop and livestock management, record keeping and environmental stewardship. Their goal is to increase farm profitability while improving the soil and water resources.

Carbon Sequestration- Additional Environmental Benefits Of Forage In The Pfra Permanent Cover Program, G M. Luciuk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

International concern about greenhouse gases and their impacts on climate change has added to the need for an understanding of carbon sequestered in agricultural soils. This paper evaluates the carbon sequestration potentials of the 522 000 hectares converted from annual cultivation to forages under the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration’s (PFRA) Permanent Cover Program (PCP). The 15 000 PCP sites in the prairie provinces of Canada are matched to their dominant soil characteristics. Estimates of carbon losses due to annual crop cultivation are determined for these soil characteristics, and sequestration potentials under the permanent cover condition are presented. Estimates of societal …

Agronomic Evaluation Of Novel Germplasm Under Grazing: Arachis Pintoi Bra-031143 And Paspalum Atratum Bra-009610, A O. Barcellos, E A. Pizarro, N L. Costa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of the animal on the pasture and their reverse consequence was studied on two replicated areas of 0.27 and 0.18 ha in a grasslegume sward established in a poorly humid drained soil in the Brazilian Cerrado. The A. pintoi BRA-031143 and P. atratum BRA- 009610 sward was evaluated during four consecutive years under two grazing pressures (GP). The imposed GP affected the botanical composition and pasture availability. Mean live weight gain/animal/ day under the two imposed GP varied from 387+17g, 578+68g, 697+35g and 687+123g between the 1992/93 and 1995/96 rainy seasons. During the dry season the LWG/animal/day varied …

Recultivation And Revitalization Of Karst's Regions With Sheep And Goats As A Tool, M Pogacnik, P Juntes, D Kompan, T Vidrih, M Kotar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The main goal of our project is to revitalize abandoned karstic regions on the principles of silvopastoral systems based on traditional husbandry of goats and sheep and by causing minimal disturbances to the nature. Results of our two year experiment show positive effects on land cleaning and quantity and quality of the turf. However, restriction of animals to a fenced area, where the feed is of a lesser quality also has negative effects on the animals.

Rumen Fermentation Kinetics Of Grass Measured In Sacco And With The Gas Production Technique, J W. Cone, H Valk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rumen fermentation kinetics of grass and silage, differing in age and yield (1500 -7900 kg DM ha-1), were studied in sacco and in vitro, using the gas production test and the Tilley and Terry technique. An increasing yield increased the content of NDF and lignin in grass and decreased protein content, in vitro degradability measured by the Tilley and Terry method, and rate of fermentation measured with the gas production technique and the nylon bag method. The same ranking in fermentation characteristics was observed using the gas production test, the nylon bag method and the Tilley and Terry method. The …

Foliar Supplementation Of Minerals To Prevent Calcium And Magnesium Deficiencies In Dairy Cows, G F. Wilson, W J. Courtney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of this study were to examine the possibility of reducing the incidence of calcium and magnesium deficiencies in cows by feeding anionic salts and by manipulating the mineral concentrations in pastures with foliar sprays during late pregnancy. Cows provided with a mineral supplement of magnesium chloride and ammonium sulphate before calving produced more milk solids and experienced less health problems. The foliar application of anionic salts, with and without sodium chloride, altered the cation balance in pastures grown on 6 different soils.

Genetic Variation In Perennial Ryegrass For Volatile Fatty Acid Production In Rumen Fluid, H.J P. Marvin, E N. Van Loo, O Dolstra, C.H A. Snijders, D Reheul, J W. Cone

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In perennial ryegrass genetic variation was shown not only for in vitro organic matter degradation (OMD) in rumen fluid and neutral detergent fibre content (NDF) but also for production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) upon in vitro incubation in rumen fluid. The correlations among concentrations of VFAs in the incubation fluid were high. OMD and NDF, on the other hand, were poorly correlated to the VFA concentrations.

Aerobic And Anaerobic Exercise's Impact On Cognitive Functions In Eighth Grade Students., Heather Erwin, Sarah Schreiber

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

The present study examined the impact of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cognitive abilities in eighth grade students at one middle school in southeastern US. It is known that youth do not meet recommended physical activity levels, yet there is research demonstrating a clear connection between aerobic exercise and academic performance. There is a gap in evidence regarding anaerobic exercise and cognitive capabilities. If professionals know which type of exercise is most beneficial for enhancing cognition in youth, it will behoove them to incorporate these practices in physical education and other areas throughout the school day for students. Thus, this …

Long-Term Outcomes In Patients Using Protocol-Directed Active Surveillance For Prostate Cancer, Lisa F. Newcomb, Jeannette M. Schenk, Yingye Zheng, Menghan Liu, Kehao Zhu, James D. Brooks, Peter R. Carroll, Atreya Dash, Claire M. De La Calle, William J. Ellis, Christopher P. Filson, Martin E. Gleave, Michael A. Liss, Frances Martin, Jesse K. Mckenney, Todd M. Morgan, Maria S. Tretiakova, Andrew A. Wagner, Peter S. Nelson, Daniel W. Lin

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE: Outcomes from protocol-directed active surveillance for favorable-risk prostate cancers are needed to support decision-making.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the long-term oncological outcomes of patients receiving active surveillance in a multicenter, protocol-directed cohort.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study (PASS) is a prospective cohort study initiated in 2008. A cohort of 2155 men with favorable-risk prostate cancer and no prior treatment were enrolled at 10 North American centers through August 2022.

EXPOSURE: Active surveillance for prostate cancer.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cumulative incidence of biopsy grade reclassification, treatment, metastasis, prostate cancer mortality, overall mortality, and recurrence after …

Effect Of Storage On Quality Of Cowpea Haulm Hay Under Warm Humid Conditions, S O. Apori

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of four months storage on chemical composition of hay prepared from cowpea haulm was monitored in a Coastal savanna environment in Cape Coast, Ghana. The average hydrometeorological conditions during the experimental period were 27.1oC of temperature, 30.1mm of rainfall, 80.4% of relative humidity and 0.80 water activity. Parameters measured were dry matter (DM%), crude protein (CP%), metabolisable energy for ruminants [MEr, MJME/KgDM], protein to energy ratio (p/E, g/MJME), pH, and rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN,%). The CP, MEr, P/E, pH and RDN values of 13.04%, 7.17 MJME kg-1DM, 18.18g/MJME, 6.35 and 58.83% of freshly prepared hay changed to 12.05%, …

Predicting Forage Production From Pasture By Use Of The Delphi Technique, E Hovingh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various pasture management techniques on the predicted yield of forage from pasture. Twelve researchers, extension and industry personnel in Atlantic Canada participated in the Delphi technique as well as the Conjoint analysis to arrive at estimates for the yield response expected from the use of single pasture management techniques and multiple combinations of the same. The results of the Delphi survey demonstrated that all of the pasture management techniques would increase the yield of forage, from seven percent up to forty-seven percent beyond the yield of unimproved, unmanaged pasture.

Indicators Of Pathogen Potential Of Pasture Soils, R A. Skipp, R N. Watson, G C.M Latch

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A simple pot test was used to indicate the combined effects of several pathogens common in pasture soils (plant parasitic nematodes and pathogenic fungi e.g. Pythium spp.) by comparing the dry weight yields of clover seedlings grown in untreated soil with those from soil treated in a microwave oven. Response to microwave treatment, expressed as a "Soil Pathogenicity Index", was greater with soil from old pasture or from areas in 2 year old pasture plots showing poor regrowth after grazing of white clover (Trifolium repens L) or Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum Bieb.), than from soil from new pasture or …

Influence Of The Fungal Endophyte Acremonium Lolii On Dry Matter Yield Of Perennial Ryegrass In Galcia, Spain, J A. Oliveira, J Collar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A field experiment studying the impact of the ryegrass endophyte (Acremonium lolii), was carried out at two locations in Galicia (Northwest Spain): Mabegondo on the Atlantic coast and Puebla de Brollón in the interior. Of 56 half-sib families of Galician perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) studied, 28 held endophyte (E+) and the other 28 not (E-). All these families were established in trial plots in 1992. Significant differences between E- and E+ families were obtained, and E+ families had a higher (P < 0.05) first cut, spring and total yield than E- families at Puebla de Brollón (dry location) in the third year after planting. The infection of perennial ryegrass with some strains of A. lolii seems to benefit the host in stressful conditions. In some areas of Galicia, climatic conditions are often stressful for perennial ryegrass and the chances of E+ plants being favored by either natural or artificial selection seems high.

Medicinal Plants As Indicators Of Grassland Biodiversity, G Nagy, I Vinczeffy, K Peto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A study has been made to identify the medicinal plants on the existing Hungarian grasslands. Sixty-three plants have been found to possess medicinal effects. Twenty-six, 15 and 22 species are for internal, internal or external and external use, respectively. This result reflects the low management intensity of grasslands in the country, as well as the species richness of semi-natural grasslands. It is suggested that the number of medical plants on the grassland, - in general - can also be used as an indicator of grassland biodiversity.

Mineral Contents Of White Clover Grass And Nitrogen Fertilized Grass Pastures For Lambs, R Sormunen-Cristian, P Nykänen-Kurki, J Peltola

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The mineral contents (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) of white clover grass without nitrogen and grass-only pastures with annual nitrogen rates of 0, 120 and 250 kg ha-1 were studied in 1994 and 1995. The pastures were grazed twice per season by growing lambs. The white clover contents averaged 25% and 42%, respectively. The Ca and Mg contents and the Ca/P ratio were higher, and the K/(Ca+Mg) equivalent ratio lower in white clover grass than in grass-only swards. The P content of white clover grass was similar to that of grass, and the K content …

Effect Of Plant Species On The Development And Vertical Migration Of Larvae Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes Which Parasitise Sheep, J H. Niezen, W.A. G. Charleston, J Hodgson, C M. Miller, H A. Robertson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The development and migration of gastrointestinal nematode larvae on a range of herbage species were compared following a series of standardised contaminations with sheep faeces over two years. In 1992/93, greatest numbers of larvae were recovered from browntop (Agrostis capillaris cv Grasslands Muster), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata cv Grasslands Kara), ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv Grasslands Nui) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus cv Massey Basyn) while the lowest numbers were recovered from white clover (Trifolium repens cv Grasslands Huia) with the other herbages intermediate. In 1993/94, highest numbers were recovered from Yorkshire fog and ryegrass, lowest numbers from …

Eneficial Use Of Grasses Artificially Infected With Endophytes, Non-Toxic To Animals, G.C M. Latch, L R. Fletcher

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Information presented in this paper demonstrates that Ryegrass Staggers does not occur in animals which graze ryegrasses (Lolium sp.) artificially infected with a strain of Acremonium endophyte which does not produce the tremorgenic toxin lolitrem B. Peramine is produced by the endophyte and this alkaloid protects the grass from attack by Argentine stem weevil. New Zealand farmers have used a ryegrass cultivar infected with this strain of endophyte for the past four years and there are no reports of Ryegrass Staggers in animals grazing it. Strains of endophytes have been found in other grasses which do not produce toxins …

The Effect Of Ryegrass Endophyte On Milk Production From Dairy Cows In Northern New Zealand, E R. Thom, D A. Clark, C D. Waugh, R J. Mccabe, V T. Van Vught, B.J L. Kock

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this study was to compare the milk production of cows grazing endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture with those grazing endophyte-free pastures. High and nil endophyte ryegrass pastures were drilled with and without white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in autumn 1993. White clover was completely removed in autumn 1995. High endophyte pastures had >85% of tillers infected but nil endophyte pastures were rapidly contaminated with endophyte-infected ryegrass and had 50% infection by autumn 1996. Losses in milk production due to endophyte were small (<6%), and occurred in only 2 of the 6 three week test periods. Cows showed clinical symptoms of ryegrass staggers in summer/autumn 1995 but not in 1996. Heat stress symptoms were absent. Losses of milk production occurred when lolitrem B levels were low (spring 1994) and when cows did not show clinical staggers (summer 1996). Other chemicals or agronomic factors could be important determinants of the milk production responses.

On Designing The Meadow Agrocenosis Of The Polissya (Region) Of Ukraine, V F. Shchesyuk, A Y. Baluta, O V. Shchesyuk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Geobotanical studies of the natural meadow associations in the wetland areas of the Polissya rivers of the Ukraine were conducted. The Polissya represents a forested region and the rivers include the Western Buh, Vyzhivka, Turia, Stokhid, and Styr. The dominant species is Digrappis arundinacea with Poa palustris, Bromus inermis, Latirus pretense, Latirus palustris, Vicia sepium, and Urtica dioica as codominants. Research demonstrated that the green feed production of Digrappis arundinacea, in combination with Poa palustris, was significantly greater (9.5 t ha-1) than for Digrappis arundinacea alone while the crude protein content of the forage, at early flowering, …

Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.) Response To Liquid Dairy Manure Or Fertilizer N, M P. Russelle, G W. Randall, P D. Clayton, M A. Schmitt, L J. Greub, C C. Sheaffer, R R. Kalton, D H. Taylor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock farmers face constraints in efficient manure management because of limited land availability, especially during the growing season, but reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) may provide a solution. We measured yield and apparent N removal of established reed canarygrass with surface-applied dairy manure slurry at three locations in the Upper Midwest, USA. Slurry was broadcast or banded at rates up to 375 m3 ha-1 (1190 kg N ha-1) in single or split applications and N fertilizer was applied at rates up to 448 kg N ha- 1 for comparison. Herbage was harvested three times per year. Nitrogen removal in …

Effect Of Plant Age And N And P Fertilization On Mineral Composition Of Andropogon Gayanus, D E. Morillo, A Caraballo, J Faria-Marmoll, L R. Mcdowell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mineral concentrations of Andropogon gayanus Kunth, as affected by age of regrowth, 42 and 63 days (six and four cuttings); rate (kg/ ha/year) of N fertilizer, 0, 100 and 200, and of P2O5, 0 and 75, were evaluated on a sandy-loam Aridisol (pH 5.5) in Venezuela, using a split-split-plot experimental design with two replications. Forage mineral concentrations did not differ (P>0.05) among ages. Mean Ca, P, Mg, Na were: 0.20, 0.11, 0.10 and 0.029 %, and regarded as deficient for ruminants. Only K (1.21 %) was considered adequate. Mean Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Co were 57, 24, 2.7, …

Effectivity Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas In Sustainable Grassland Agriculture Following Conversion From Intensive Management, W R. Eason, J Scullion, E P. Scott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With increased interest in sustainable agriculture, attention has focused on the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in the productivity of agricultural systems. AM spores were taken from grassland and grass-arable systems with either a history of high-input, conventional, or low-input, organic management, and used as a source of inoculum in host plants (Allium amelioprasum, Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne). Spores from organic management systems produced a greater yield response than those from conventional systems. Where various spore inoculum produced differences in host growth responses, it was observed that the infected root of these host plants also produced similar …

Association Between Opioid-Benzodiazepine Trajectories And Injurious Fall Risk Among Us Medicare Beneficiaries., Grace Hsin-Min Wang, Juan M. Hincapie-Castillo, Walid F. Gellad, Bobby L. Jones, Ronald I. Shorr, Seonkyeong Yang, Debbie L. Wilson, Jeannie K. Lee, Gary M. Reisfield, Chian K. Kwoh, Chris Delcher, Khoa A. Nguyen, Christopher A. Harle, Zachary A. Marcum, Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Concurrent opioid (OPI) and benzodiazepine (BZD) use may exacerbate injurious fall risk (e.g., falls and fractures) compared to no use or use alone. Yet, patients may need concurrent OPI-BZD use for co-occurring conditions (e.g., pain and anxiety). Therefore, we examined the association between longitudinal OPI-BZD dosing patterns and subsequent injurious fall risk. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including non-cancer fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries initiating OPI and/or BZD in 2016-2018. We identified OPI-BZD use patterns during the 3 months following OPI and/or BZD initiation (i.e., trajectory period) using group-based multi-trajectory models. We estimated the time to first injurious falls …