Digital Commons Network^™

Italian Ryegrass And Barley Mixture For Forage Production: Effect Of Harvesting Time On Yield And Quality In Northern Latitudes, Oiva Nissinen, O. Niemeläinen, M. Kontturi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In northern latitudes forage cereal and Italian ryegrass (IRG) mixtures provide a good source of forage in situations where perennial swards have suffered winter damages (Nissinen, 1994). In this experiment harvesting time of the first cut of an IRG-barley mixture was studied to optimise the yield and quality in the growing season. The objective of the study was to assess if harvesting an IRG-barley mixture later than two weeks after heading, as currently recommended, offers benefits.

Italian Ryegrass And Whole Crop Cereal Mixture: Effect Of Sowing Rate And Maturity On Variety On Yield And Botanical Composition In Northern Latitudes, O. Niemeläinen, Oiva Nissinen, M. Kontturi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The profitability of a dairy farm using whole crop cereals (WCC) is better in Finland than that of a farm producing combine harvested cereals and grass silage (Turunen, 2000). The main reason for that is the decrease in the machinery costs. However, quality of the WCC yield can vary considerably depending on the ear- straw ration. This may lead to problems in feeding. In this experiment we studied the effect of sowing rate and growing time of the cereal cultivar on the botanical composition, quality and yield of the WCC harvest. The objective was to study if it would be …

Factors Affecting Forage Quality Of Native Species In Iranian Rangelands, Hossein Arzani, J. Torkan, H. Kaboli, M. Zohdi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal performance is closely correlated with the nutrient value of the forage available and this is affected by different factors (Arzani et al., 2001). Crude protein content (CP), digestible dry matter (DDM) and metabolisable energy (ME) were considered particularly appropriate for evaluation of range forage quality. This paper reports on factors affecting the forage quality of range species grown in Iran.

Validation Of Faecal Nirs For Monitoring The Diet Of Confined And Grazing Goats, S. Y. Landau, T. A. Glasser, L. Dvash, Avi Perevolotsky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Goats are used for brush control and ecological management of Mediterranean grazing lands. Farmers are willing to cooperate with communities but they need an easy method to evaluate the daily intake of nutrients. A calibration of the chemical attributes of goats' diets was set-up, based on faecal near infrared (NIR) spectra (Landau et al., 2004; Table 1). The accuracy of this methodology was estimated by using the standard error of cross-validation (SECV), which represents the variability in the difference between predicted and reference values when the equation is applied sequentially to subsets of data from the calibration data set. …

Prediction Of The Feed Values Of Maize Silage By Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, H. S. Park, J. K. Lee, H. J. Ko, H. Y. Lee, D. Y. Kil

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Until recently, feed evaluation of silages in official laboratories and feed factories was based on cutting date, chemical composition and the ammonia fraction. However, in vitro techniques have been developed based on rumen fluid or commercial enzymes to replace laborious, time-consuming and expensive digestibility experiments with animals. In this study the possibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the chemical composition and digestibility of maize silage was examined.

Sample Preparation Method For Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy To Predict Fermentation Quality Of Maize Silage, H. S. Park, J. K. Lee, M. C. Kim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Using NIRS directly on undried silage can increase error due to variability in sample particle size, temperature and water content (Givens et al., 1997). These problems can be overcome by grinding silages in frozen state with dry ice or liquid nitrogen, but such procedures are time-consuming and inconvenient due to cleanup required between samples and the need to thaw the sample for subsequent use. The objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of sample preparation methods on prediction of fermentation quality of maize silage, and to select an acceptable sample-preparation method for wet silage.

Towards Truly “Global” Near Infrared Calibrations For Protein And Neutral Detergent Fibre In Dried Ground Forages, D. Undersander, P. Berzaghi, P. Dardenne, P. Flinn, N. P. Martin, C. Paul, B. N. B. Büchmann, F. Mazeris, M. Lagerholm, I. A. Cowe

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Over the past five years, Foss and DeLaval have sponsored the activities of a group of forage analysts with the aim of developing "global" Near Infrared (NIR) calibrations for parameters that are important in ruminant nutrition. The approach adopted has been based on the amalgamation of historical databases from centres worldwide and calibrations for protein and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in dried ground forages have been developed based on databases that currently comprise approximately 30,000 records. Protein and NDF, while not the most important parameters in ruminant nutrition, were chosen for the initial calibration development exercise because of the amount …

Use Of Green Sulla Forage For Feeding. 2. Effects On Lamb Carcass And Meat Quality, A. Bonanno, M. L. Alicata, G. Tornambè, F. Mazza, G. Di Miceli, D. Giambalvo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Diets with 2.5% of condensed tannins (CT) from carob pulp have been showed to reduce lamb carcass weight, yield and fatness, as a consequence of lower digestibility due to strong protein-tannin bonds. Moreover the diets lightened meat colour and negatively affected meat sensory properties (Priolo et al., 2000). There is evidence that some tannin-rich legumes have weaker stability of the protein-tannin complex post-rumen (McSweeney et al., 2001). Since the CT-containing sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) demonstrated improved lamb growth performance in comparison with CT-lacking annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. subsp. wersterwoldicum) (Giambalvo et al., 2005), …

Will Our Future Selves Thank Us? An Examination Of Born-Digital Curation Practices At Ukl, Megan M. Mummey, Sarah Dorpinghaus, Ruth Bryan, Emily Collier

Library Presentations

Cultural heritage resources are increasingly being produced and distributed digitally yet the world of physical materials has not declined. Analog-based archival theory and practice is still relevant, but born-digital formats make acquisition, appraisal, resource allocation, collection management, and external relationships much more challenging. During this session, four archivists and librarians from the University of Kentucky Libraries (UKL) will share their current challenges and successes working with different aspects of born-digital stewardship. They will share practical tips, tools, policies, and mental frameworks to help attendees identify gaps, pitfalls, and opportunities in digital stewardship at their own institutions. Sarah Dorpinghaus will provide …

Development Of A Definition Of Postacute Sequelae Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Tanayott Thaweethai, Sarah E. Jolley, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Emily B. Levitan, Bruce Levy, Grace A. Mccomsey, Lisa Mccorkell, Girish N. Nadkarni, Sairam Parthasarathy, Upinder Singh, Tiffany A. Walker, Caitlin A. Selvaggi, Daniel J. Shinnick, Carolin C. M. Schulte, Rachel Atchley-Challenner, Recover Consortium Authors, Leora I. Horwitz, Andrea S. Foulkes

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects occurring after acute infection, termed postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Characterizing PASC requires analysis of prospectively and uniformly collected data from diverse uninfected and infected individuals.

OBJECTIVE To develop a definition of PASC using self-reported symptoms and describe PASC frequencies across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective observational cohort study of adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection at 85 enrolling sites (hospitals, health centers, community organizations) located in 33 states plus Washington, DC, …

Diabetes Prevalence And Monitoring In Nonmetropolitan And Metropolitan Areas Within A Commercially Insured U.S. Population, Lindsey R. Hammerslag, Jeffery Talbert

Rural & Underserved Health Research Center Publications

Overview of Key Findings

• Enrollees living in nonmetropolitan areas had 22% higher likelihood of having diabetes, even after controlling for factors like age and region.
• The prevalence of diabetes in 2019-2020 was 7.9% in nonmetropolitan areas and 6.2% in metropolitan areas.
• Annual hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing occurred for 85.1% of nonmetropolitan and 85.7% of metropolitan enrollees with diabetes. After controlling for other factors, we found significantly lower testing for those in nonmetropolitan areas.
• For diabetic enrollees, having an HbA1c test in 2019 was associated with an 8% decrease in the likelihood of non-cardiovascular complications related to diabetes and a 6% …

Merging Multiple Existing Geotechnical Databases, Charlie Sun, Brad Rister, Eileen Grady

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report discusses a project undertaken by Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) researchers to create a comprehensive geotechnical database for highway planning, design, maintenance, and repair. The project consolidated multiple geotechnical data sources into a unified database accessible to Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) staff, enabling informed decision making and improving project outcomes. Databases were merged with great attention to detail, ensuring data integrity and coherence. A geotechnical data collector app developed as part of the project supports convenient and efficient data collection in the field, even when phones or tablets lack network connectivity. A rockfall rating app and landslide hazard rating …

A Proposed Fair Approach For Disseminating Geospatial Information System Maps, P. Travis Thompson, Sweta Ojha, Christian D. Powell, Kelly G. Pennell, Hunter N. B. Moseley

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

We present a draft Minimum Information about Geospatial Information System (MIaGIS) standard for facilitating public deposition of geospatial information system (GIS) datasets that follows the FaIR (Findable, accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles. the draft MIaGIS standard includes a deposition directory structure and a minimum javascript object notation (JSON) metadata formatted file that is designed to capture critical metadata describing GIS layers and maps as well as their sources of data and methods of generation. the associated miagis Python package facilitates the creation of this MIAGIS metadata file and directly supports metadata extraction from both Esri JSON and GEOJSON GIS data …

Differential Inhibition Of Anaplerotic Pyruvate Carboxylation And Glutaminolysis-Fueled Anabolism Underlies Distinct Toxicity Of Selenium Agents In Human Lung Cancer, Teresa W-M Fan, Jason Winnike, Ahmad Al-Attar, Alex C. Belshoff, Pawel Lorkiewicz, Jin Lian Tan, Min Wu, Richard M. Higashi, Andrew N. Lane

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Past chemopreventive human trials on dietary selenium supplements produced controversial outcomes. They largely employed selenomethionine (SeM)-based diets. SeM was less toxic than selenite or methylseleninic acid (MSeA) to lung cancer cells. We thus investigated the toxic action of these Se agents in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and ex vivo organotypic cultures (OTC) of NSCLC patient lung tissues. Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) using 13C6-glucose and 13C5,15N2-glutamine tracers with gene knockdowns were employed to examine metabolic dysregulations associated with cell type- and treatment-dependent phenotypic changes. Inhibition of key anaplerotic processes, pyruvate carboxylation (PyC) and glutaminolysis were elicited by …

Identifying And Sharing Per-And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Hot-Spot Areas And Exposures In Drinking Water, Sweta Ojha, P. Travis Thompson, Christian D. Powell, Hunter N. B. Moseley, Kelly G. Pennell

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water is widely recognized as a public health concern. Decision-makers who are responsible for managing PFAS drinking water risks lack the tools to acquire the information they need. In response to this need, we provide a detailed description of a Kentucky dataset that allows decision-makers to visualize potential hot-spot areas and evaluate drinking water systems that may be susceptible to PFAS contamination. The dataset includes information extracted from publicly available sources to create five different maps in ArcGIS Online and highlights potential sources of PFAS contamination in the environment in relation …

Novel Isolation Method Reveals Sex-Specific Composition And Neurotoxicity Of Small Extracellular Vesicles In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Ahmed Elsherbini, Zhihui Zhu, Zainuddin Quadri, Simone M. Crivelli, Xiaojia Ren, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Priyanka Tripathi, Liping Zhang, Wenbo Zhi, Erhard Bieberich

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

We developed a new method to isolate small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from male and female wild-type and 5xFAD mouse brains to investigate the sex-specific functions of sEVs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A mass spectrometric analysis revealed that sEVs contained proteins critical for EV formation and Aβ. ExoView analysis showed that female mice contained more GFAP and Aβ-labeled sEVs, suggesting that a larger proportion of sEVs from the female brain is derived from astrocytes and/or more likely to bind to Aβ. Moreover, sEVs from female brains had more acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and ceramide, an enzyme and its sphingolipid product important for …

Effects Of Forage Species And Stage Of Maturity On In Situ Disappearance Of Organic Matter And Fibre Fractions, H. S. Hussein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nutrient utilisation by ruminants is altered by the forage species and its maturity. Maturity is the major factor affecting forage morphology and quality. Forage quality is reduced with maturity due to a decrease in the leaf:stem ratio and an increase in fibre components (Ugherughe, 1986). Improving forage utilisation by ruminants depends on accurate measurements of their nutritive value by using in vitro and in situ methods. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritive value (i.e., extent of in situ disappearance of organic matter [OM], neutral detergent fibre [NDF], and acid detergent fibre [ADF]) of four grass species …

The Effect Of Cow-Diet On The Fermentation Of Forages, J. L. Burke, G. C. Waghorn, S. L. Woodward, I. M. Brookes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In vitro fermentation of fresh forages minced to resemble chewed material have enabled net proteolysis and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production to be measured using rumen inocula from a cow fed lucerne hay (Burke et al., 2000). However both cow and diet affect the rumen cellulolytic bacterial populations (Weimer et al., 1999) and are able to influence in vitro digestion kinetics (Mertens et al., 1998). The objective of this study was to measure cow-diet effects on in vitro digestion and fermentation of perennial ryegrass (P; Lolium perenne), sulla (S; Hedysarum coronarium), maize (M; Zea maize …

Mating Ewes On Condensed Tannin-Containing Forages Increases Ewe Reproductive Rate And Reduces Lamb Mortality, T. N. Barry, C. A. Ramirez-Restrepo, E. L. Mcwilliam, N. Lopez-Villalobos, P. D. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Action of condensed tannin (CT) reduces forage protein degradation in the rumen and increases the absorption of amino acids from the small intestine (Barry & McNabb 1999). This paper reports the effects of grazing ewes on two CT-containing forages during mating upon ewe reproductive rate and lamb mortality.

Development And Characterization Of Nanobodies That Specifically Target The Oncogenic Phosphatase Of Regenerating Liver-3 (Prl-3) And Impact Its Interaction With A Known Binding Partner, Cnnm3, Caroline N. Smith, Kyle Kihn, Zachary A. Williamson, K. Martin Chow, Louis B. Hersh, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Daniel Deredge, Jessica S. Blackburn

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 (PRL-3) is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. The mechanisms that drive PRL-3’s oncogenic functions are not well under- stood, partly due to a lack of research tools available to study this protein. We have begun to address these issues by developing alpaca-derived single domain antibodies, or nanobo- dies, targeting PRL-3 with a KD of 30–300 nM and no activity towards highly homologous family members PRL-1 and PRL-2. We found that longer and charged N-terminal tags on PRL-3, such as GFP and FLAG, changed PRL-3 localization compared to untagged protein, indicating that the nanobodies may provide …

A Better Life: Factors That Help And Hinder Entry And Retention In Mat From The Perspective Of People In Recovery, Adam D. Baus, Martha Carter, Jennifer Boyd, Erin Mcmullen, Trey Bennett, Alexandra Persily, Danielle M. Davidov, Christa Lilly

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Opioid addiction and opioid-related overdoses and deaths are serious public health problems nationally and in West Virginia, in particular. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is an effective yet underutilized treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).

Purpose: Research examining factors that help individuals succeed in MAT has been conducted from provider and program perspectives, but little research has been conducted from the perspective of those in recovery.

Methods: This study, co-developed with individuals in recovery, took place in West Virginia-based MAT programs using an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach. The survey was open February through August 2021. Data were analyzed late 2021 …

Prevalence And Factors Of Self-Medication With Antibiotics In Claiborne County, Tennessee, Kimberly A. Carney, Lauren Wisnieski, Tristan Lackey, Donald Noah

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious concern to public health, causing an estimated 35,000 deaths annually in the U.S. Misuse of antimicrobials increases the rate of AMR. Self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) is a primary contributor to AMR that can be addressed through education. SMA has been reported at rates of 3% to 66% in the U.S. but has not been evaluated in Appalachia.¹ Low health literacy and barriers to accessing care have been correlated with SMA and are common in many areas of Appalachia.

Purpose: This study aims to assess factors associated with SMA, demographic differences in knowledge …

Whole Crop Cereal Silage In Dairy Production, J. Wallsten, L. Ericson, K. Martinsson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Whole-crop cereal silages (WCCS) are used to some extent in Sweden, but knowledge about the use of this feed for high yielding dairy cows is scarce. The crop is often harvested at different stages of maturity, from heading to yellow ripeness, which gives forages that differ in chemical composition. The purpose of this trial was to compare intake and milk production of dairy cows fed a WCCS based on barley harvested at three different stages of maturity.

The Effects Of A High Grass Input Feeding System Compared To High Concentrate Input Feeding System Offered To Spring Calving Dairy Cows In Early Lactation, E. Kennedy, M. O'Donovan, J. P. Murphy, F. P. O'Mara, L. Delaby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazed grass is the cheapest feed available on Irish dairy farms. The inclusion of grass in the diet of the spring-calving dairy cow in early lactation is recommended. Previous studies focused on introducing grazed herbage into the cows diet in early spring in conjunction with grass silage and concentrate, and compared this to cows fed indoors. The objective of this study was to compare the milk production and feed budget of two contrasting early lactation feeding regimes. One regime was based on a high herbage inclusion with a low concentrate level (HG), while the other was based on a high …

Seasonal Variation Of Tannin Content On Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp) Plants, Rodolfo Godoy, P. M. Santos, L. A. R. Batista

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tannins reduce forage digestibility and palatability by reacting with proteins (Makkar, 1989) and due to that, tannin content is considered to be an important characteristic of leguminous crops and it has been used as a selection criterion on pigeon-pea improvement programs (Godoy et al., 1994). In Southeastern Brazil, pigeon pea is less consumed by bovines in the rainy season (October through March) than in the dry season (from April on), when flowering occurs. Alencar et al. (1991) found very little consumption by Canchim cows during the rainy season, and Lourenço et al. (1984) recommend pigeon-pea for feeding bovines in …

Leaves Of High Yielding Perennial Ryegrass Contain Less Aggregated Rubisco Than S23, A. Kingston-Smith, P. W. Wilkins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Breeding diploid perennial ryegrass for improved dry matter yield under nitrogen-limiting conditions has reduced the nitrogen (N) concentration of the herbage (Wilkins et al., 2003). Reduced N concentration in the ruminant diet is one potential way to reduce losses of N to the environment by reducing the amount of N that animals excrete. The underlying physiological basis of this increased N-use efficiency in ryegrass was investigated.

Future Directions In The Molecular Breeding Of Forage And Turf, G. C. Spangenberg, J. W. Forster, D. Edwards, U. John, A. Mouradov, M. Emmerling, J. Batley, S. Felitti, N. O. I. Cogan, K. F. Smith, M. P. Dobrowolski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Molecular breeding of forage and turf plants and their endosymbionts has entered the post-genomic era with a large amount of structural genomics information and genomic resources available for key forage and turf species and relevant model systems.
2. A primary future challenge is the conversion of this information into useful functional knowledge for the development of molecular breeding technologies and products that address a range of high impact outcome scenarios in forage and turf.
3. High-throughput approaches for spatial and temporal analysis, from genome to phenome, and the respective data integration in a systems biology context will be critical for …

Genetic Diversity Among Alfalfa Cultivars Using Ssr Markers, S. Flajoulot, J. Ronfort, P. Baudouin, T. Huguet, P. Barre, Christian Huyghe, B. Julier

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an autotetraploid, allogamous and heterozygous species. Cultivated varieties are synthetic cultivars, usually obtained through 3 or 4 generations of panmictic reproduction of a set of various numbers of parents. The parents can be clones, half-sib or full-sib families. The breeders apply selection pressure for some agronomic traits, to induce changes in the genetic background. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentiation level among seven cultivars originating from one breeding program, and between these cultivars and the breeding pool, with eight SSR markers.

Southeastern Law Librarian Spring 2023, Seaall

Newsletters

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Incorporating Variability In Kytc Planning And Project Development, Reginald Souleyrette, Teng Wang, Riana Tanzen, Arnold Stromberg

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Transportation planning and design decisions are typically made using point estimates of traffic and safety measures. This report addresses the uncertainty of data used to make these decisions. It focuses on two data elements — project safety ratings and volume estimates from traffic counts. For safety ratings, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet’s Strategic Highway Investment Formula for Tomorrow (SHIFT) crash history score is used as a case study. Confidence intervals are developed for the Cabinet’s new safety metric, which incorporates estimates of future crashes by severity as well as excess expected crashes above safety goals. For traffic counts, the report develops …