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Articles 511 - 540 of 12201
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The Role Of Goats In New Zealand Hill Country Farming, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert
The Role Of Goats In New Zealand Hill Country Farming, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The predominant domesticated ruminants in New Zealand are sheep and cattle. However in the last decade other animal species have been incorporated into farming systems, particularly goats which have increased from 10 thousand to 1 million over that time. The motives for this change have primarily been economic ones, in an attempt by farmers to increase income and reduce costs. Goats provide direct financial returns to hill farmers through sale of fibre (mohair, cashgora, cashmere) and meat. In many instances however, the motivation has been one of reduction of weed control costs. Aspects of weed control, pasture response and grazing …
Forage Management: A Diagnosis Method, M Duru, J L. Fiorelli, S Lardon, J C. Moreau, P L. Osty
Forage Management: A Diagnosis Method, M Duru, J L. Fiorelli, S Lardon, J C. Moreau, P L. Osty
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On commercial farms, grazing and forage stock management is especially complex because of the great number of variables that have to be controlled (animal performances, resource stocks ... ), of their inter-relationships and of weather perturbations. Our investigations consist in considering in which way and under which constraints farmers may ajust their forage resources, both in quantity and quality, to achieve desired animal performances. Therefore, it is very important to propose decision rules adapted to real farm conditions and control procedures to carry out these decisions during the year. For continuous stocking, it was suggested to describe the sward in …
Elements Pour Une Strategie D'Amenagement Et De Gestion: Exemple De La Problematique Pastorale Du Ferlo Senegalais (Sahel), J Poissonet, I Toure
Elements Pour Une Strategie D'Amenagement Et De Gestion: Exemple De La Problematique Pastorale Du Ferlo Senegalais (Sahel), J Poissonet, I Toure
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
La communaute rurale de Labgar, au nord du departement de Linguere, couvre 70 000 hectares. Trois ethnies coexistent au sein de cette communaute: !es Maures qui vivaient de la chasse et ne pratiquent plus que l'elevage; !es Ouolofs qui pratiquent principalement !'agriculture et accessoirement l'elevage; !es Peulhs qui constituent la majorite de la population et vivent essentiellement de l'elevage. Ces populations vivent dans une region ecologique « marginale » particulierement vulnerable: deficits de pluies frequents; potentiels fourragers, agricoles et hydriques fluctuants, contraintes multiples affectant !es populations humaines, le cheptel et la vegetation. De nombreuses enquetes socio-economiques ont ete menees aupres …
Modeling Plant Species Competition In Conjunction With Selective Grazing, O J. Loewer, C P. West, L D. Parsch, H D. Scott
Modeling Plant Species Competition In Conjunction With Selective Grazing, O J. Loewer, C P. West, L D. Parsch, H D. Scott
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The dynamic simulation model GRAZE (Loewer et al., 1987) incorporates plant and beef animal growth in describing the grazing process. GRAZE had its beginnings at the University of Kentucky in 1976 (Walker et al., 1977; Loewer et al., 1981 ; Loewer and Smith, 1986) and was further developed through three regional research projects (Watson and Wells, 1985). Currently, it is being utilized and enhanced by the regional research project S-221 : Development of Profitable Beef-Forage Production Systems for the Southern Region, in part because of its utility in providing biophysical input-output relationships for purposes of economic analysis (Parsch and Loewer, …
A Methodology For Combining Field Data, Experimental Research And Modelling In The Development Of Grassland Systems, E S. Kristensen, J T. Sorensen
A Methodology For Combining Field Data, Experimental Research And Modelling In The Development Of Grassland Systems, E S. Kristensen, J T. Sorensen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal production from grassland is a complex process involving man as well as animals and plants which interact in a changing environment. The production can be considered as two interacting systems, a management and a production system as shown in Figure I. The manager monitors the production, compares this information with goals and if necessary makes adjustments in inputs in order to achieve the goals. The complexity of this process is of course dependent on the number of controlled factors. Beef production based on purchased young bulls fed entirely on pasture without conservation is, for example, much simpler to manage …
The Characteristics Of The Bovine Dual Purpose Production System In Guatemala, G Cubillos, E Urizar, A Arimany
The Characteristics Of The Bovine Dual Purpose Production System In Guatemala, G Cubillos, E Urizar, A Arimany
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The characterization of the to the production system of is a basic step within a system approach to identification of endogenous and exogenous constraints. From that knowledge applied research may be conducted or technological innovations be proposed to be tested and validated at a recommendation domain level. In the coastal area of Guatemala, Central America, several agrarian reform areas of different sizes have been established ranging from 1353 ha for the parcelamiento Santa Isabel t�� 39800 ha for the parcelamiento Nueva Concepcion. The total farm area varies from 15 to 20 ha and a typical tropical dual purpose bovine production …
Changes In Grassland Farming In Japan, S Shibuya
Changes In Grassland Farming In Japan, S Shibuya
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Recently there has been a tremendous change in animal production systems in Japan, with increasing consumption of concentrate feeds. The numbers of swine and poultry which consume concentrate feeds are increasing and concentrates are also given to herbivorous animals, mainly cattle, not only to finishing beef cattle but also to dairy cattle and breeding beef cows. The number of sheep and goats has decreased to less than ten thousand altogether, and is not likely to increase in future, as in such a densely populated country as Japan land use must be intensive. Table 1 shows the situation of present animal …
Planning Seasonal Forage Strategies In Dairy Farms A Linear Programming Approach, G Pichard, J Ortega, R Cussen
Planning Seasonal Forage Strategies In Dairy Farms A Linear Programming Approach, G Pichard, J Ortega, R Cussen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nutritional requirement of any dairy herd varies along the year according mainly with the liveweight and the physiological stages of the animals. Similarily the grasslands and forage crops have specific and characteristic seasonal behaviour, both in terms of growth rate and nutritional quality. This situation is very dynamic and may become difficult to handle when several alternatives of forage species have to be combined in order to meet the animal requirements. In the humid temperate regions in Chile, most of the forage production in permanent grasslands occurs in spring because of the extreme drought during summer and low temperature-high …
Plant-Animal Associations In The Cereal Semi-Arid Zones Of Morocco, M Derkaoui
Plant-Animal Associations In The Cereal Semi-Arid Zones Of Morocco, M Derkaoui
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Relationships existing between cropping systems and livestock production provide the basis for technical and socioeconomic decisions in agricultural enterprises. Primov et al. (1987) reported that livestock was an integral part of crop production strategies in Abda plains of Morocco. A nation wide survey indicated that grain cereals and livestock production contributed equally to total agriculture output and 41.2 % of energy required by animals came from cereal grain and byproducts; bran, straw, and stubble (Amine and Rami, 1986). Characterization of production systems for both crops and livestock and their associations was the objective of this study.
The Use Of Models Of Sheep And Cattle Production Systems To Aid On-Farm Decision Making In Southern Australia, D H. White, K M. Weber
The Use Of Models Of Sheep And Cattle Production Systems To Aid On-Farm Decision Making In Southern Australia, D H. White, K M. Weber
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The management of grazing sheep and cattle in south-eastern Australia is confounded by the diversity between years in the annual pattern of pasture growth. Currently, the way in which a farm manager budgets or apportions pasture to the grazing animals is markedly influenced by personal experience of previous patterns of both pasture growth and animal response. This influence is usually heavily biased towards those enviromental conditions most recently experienced by the manager. The many deficiencies in this style of managing grazing systems have motivated scientists to investigate ways of supplementing this subjective « mental model » with a more quantitative …
An Evaluation Of Fixed Versus Variable Rotational Grazing Under Weather Uncertainty Using Simulation, L D. Parsch, W M. Watts, O J. Loewer
An Evaluation Of Fixed Versus Variable Rotational Grazing Under Weather Uncertainty Using Simulation, L D. Parsch, W M. Watts, O J. Loewer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three characteristics which identify a rotational grazing system and which distinguish one rotation from another are (a) the number of paddocks or cells into which the entire pasture area is divided, (b) the scheduled grazing period or amount of time the livestock will graze on a paddock before being moved, and (c) whether the rotation is fixed or variable. With a fixed rotation, the scheduled grazing period per paddock movement is strictly adhered to whereas with a variable rotation, paddock-to-paddock movement deviates from the scheduled sequence according to some specified criterion such as minimum herbage availability. The distinction between a …
Forage Legumes As A Component Of Smallholder Rice Farming Systems - A Case Study, U R. Sangakkara
Forage Legumes As A Component Of Smallholder Rice Farming Systems - A Case Study, U R. Sangakkara
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The smallholder rice farmers of southern Asia can be classified as ones having small extents of cropping land, where ruminants are kept to provide farm power (Ranjhan, 1985). The majority of these farmers have 2-3 heads of cattle/buffaloes. The greatest demand of ruminant fodder in the developing countries of Asia is seen to be in the smallholder cropping sector (Remenyi and Mc William, 1985), primarily due to the high concentration of animals and reduced land availability for fodder production. Thus, studies (e.g. Gutteridge, 1983) show the feasibility of using fallow periods in rice culture for fodder production. As similar studies …
Grassland Farming Systems In South China, S R. Zhou
Grassland Farming Systems In South China, S R. Zhou
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
South China lies between 15° and 30° northern latitude and 100° -125° eastern longitude in the subtropical zone. It is the chief grain or economic crops growing area of China. Most farmers are not accustomed to forage crop cultivation. Animal husbandry is limited owing to fodder problems. Since 1972-1974 and 1981-1987, the research works on grassland farming systems have been carried out in order to develop a suitable grassland agriculture in South China.
Comparison Of Meat Performance Of Lambs Kept On Pastures And Intensively Fed On Pastures As Well As In Fattening Units, S Kukovics, T Schuszter, Cs Lanyi
Comparison Of Meat Performance Of Lambs Kept On Pastures And Intensively Fed On Pastures As Well As In Fattening Units, S Kukovics, T Schuszter, Cs Lanyi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hungary is an exporting country in lambs which go for export either live or slaughtered. The majority of lambs are intensively fattened before slaughter or before live export. In the fattening pens (group fatting), a mixture of pelleted feed is offered ad libitum, but, in many cases, hay and/or straw are also fed. This feeding technology involves significant costs ; therefore, the testing of various fattening methods have been aimed at. Besides, we wished to study the fattening performance of imported Corriedale and Romney sheep, by using New-Zealand as well as Hungarian methods.
Animal Production Evaluation Of New Herbage Varieties, J.M M. Munro, D A. Davies
Animal Production Evaluation Of New Herbage Varieties, J.M M. Munro, D A. Davies
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Although it is now universally accepted that animal performance is the ultimate test of any grassland innovation, few herbage varieties have been evaluated in terms of meat, milk or fibre production. Over the last decade, however, several large grazing trials with beef cattle or sheep have been carried out at Aberystwyth (Munro and Walters, 1986). These have mainly involved promising new Station ryegrass varieties (Lolium spp.) which have completed preliminary screening for yield, persistence and feed quality. In the first trial, comparing two perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) and two cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) varieties, steers on Mascot ryegrass …
Forward Rotational Grazing On Digitaria Decumbens Pasture With Weaned Female Creole Goats In Guadeloupe, G Alexandre, H Baudot, P Cruz, S Prache
Forward Rotational Grazing On Digitaria Decumbens Pasture With Weaned Female Creole Goats In Guadeloupe, G Alexandre, H Baudot, P Cruz, S Prache
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tropical herbage production regulation, obtained through fertilisation and irrigation, doesn't solve the problem of the low nutritive value and the low level of voluntary intake of this herbage. These problems are particulary important with young growing animals regarding to their low ingestive capacity and their high growth requirements. Different pasture management systems have been tested in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) in order to propose a better utilization of tropical pastures.
The Use Of Fertilizer Nitrogen And Increased Animals Production From New Zealand Hill Pastures, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert
The Use Of Fertilizer Nitrogen And Increased Animals Production From New Zealand Hill Pastures, D A. Clark, M G. Lambert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In New Zealand hill pastures, winter and early spring growth is often less than the maintenance of breeding ewes. In late spring and summer, pasture growth often exceeds requirements leading to pasture quality problems. It is usually uneconomic to overcome these problems by conservation, supplementary feeding or adjustement of animal numbers. An increased herbage accumulation in late winter as a result of fertiliser N application, should increase post-lambing ewe liveweights and hence lamb growth rates ; increase ewe mating weights and hence improve flock prolificacy with consequent improvements in the utilisation of summer pasture. Two experiments examined the effect of …
The Performance Of Sucking Lambs Grazing Unfertilized An Fertilized Natural Pasture And Rangeland Under Subarctic Conditions, Olafur Gudmundsson
The Performance Of Sucking Lambs Grazing Unfertilized An Fertilized Natural Pasture And Rangeland Under Subarctic Conditions, Olafur Gudmundsson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under subartic conditions natural pastures and rangelands are not very productive and are often vulnerable to erosion when overgrazed. The grazing season is also very short, often only four to five months, during which time the lambs have to reach slaughter weight. It is therefore critical to increase carrying capacity and production of the land. Several studies have tested fertilizer use to increase plant production under these condition (e.g., Thorsteinsson and Sigurbjornsson, 1961 ; Arnalds 1974; Arnalds et al. 1980). However, while these studies have shown a manifold increase in forage production and a shift in plant composition to a …
Effect Of Sward Of Perennial Rye-Grass And Red Fescue Type On Gains And Behavior Of Grazing Yearlings, M Rogalski, Z Karzoun
Effect Of Sward Of Perennial Rye-Grass And Red Fescue Type On Gains And Behavior Of Grazing Yearlings, M Rogalski, Z Karzoun
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The output of sheep fed on pasture depends on a number of qualitative and quantitative factors of the sward (Arnold, 1981, Rogalski and Karzoun, 1988). These factors have a decisive influence on the behaviour of animals and the amount of herbage consumed by them and, consequently, on the formation of interrelations between the sward and grazing animals (Rogalski, 1978). The knowledge of these factors is very important if sheep are to be kept in the pasturing systems. Experiments presented in this paper were carried out to determine some of the interdependances and to compare the effect of botanical composition of …
A Comparison Of Rotation And Continuous-Seasonal Grazing Systems, Zutong Zhang, Zhixin Xu, Guodong Han
A Comparison Of Rotation And Continuous-Seasonal Grazing Systems, Zutong Zhang, Zhixin Xu, Guodong Han
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A proper grazing system is the effective measure to put pasture resources to rational use. Many scholars had compared rotation grazing to continuous grazing. Some results were shown that rotation grazing can bring more herbage production and liveweight gain than the continuous grazing (Allan, 1985), but others were shown that there was no significant difference between rotation and continuous grazing, even the continuous grazing was better than the rotation grazing (Jerry et al, 1987). In the recent years, many scholars had compared the rotation to the continuous grazing in all round way, especially in grassland vegetation and soil characteristics (Heitschmidt …
Tagaste (Chamaecytisus Palmensis), An Evergreen Fodder Tree, In Grazing Systems Of Mediterranean Type Climates 2. The Feeding Value Of Tagasaste For Wool Production When Grazed By Young Merino Ewes Over Summer And Autumn, C M. Oldham, P M. Morre
Tagaste (Chamaecytisus Palmensis), An Evergreen Fodder Tree, In Grazing Systems Of Mediterranean Type Climates 2. The Feeding Value Of Tagasaste For Wool Production When Grazed By Young Merino Ewes Over Summer And Autumn, C M. Oldham, P M. Morre
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In south-western Australia merino sheep are the primary animal industry. Optimum stocking rates dictate that farmers must budget to hand feed grain to their sheep in late summer/autumn to guarantee their survival and production of a good quality fleece. Income is from wool and sale of surplus animals. The annual production of wool and lambs is largely constrained by the Mediterranean-type climate. Typically the summer drought lasts 3 to 7 months. In summer the dry annual pastures are low in crude protein (around 9 %) and digestibility (around 50 %) and this is associated with a low rate of wool …
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer And Stocking Density On Grazing Cattle, A Gonzalez-Rodriguez
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer And Stocking Density On Grazing Cattle, A Gonzalez-Rodriguez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Galicia is a humid region with mild winters in the atlantic coast of the north west of Spain. White clover and perennial ryegrass perform quite well in the acids soils, after P and lime. application. White clover potential is reduced due to the dry period in July and August. Use of N in spring could compensate this potential despite increasing seasonality. When clover is included in the sward, a low response to N application was expected, as usually happens in small plo1 experiments on an annual basis (Gonzalez, 1982). This experiment attemps to evaluate, in terms of animal production, the …
Effect Of Endophyte (Acremonum Coenophialum) Infection Of Tall Fescue And Paddock Exchange On Intake And Performance Of Grazing Steers, J A. Stuedmann, D L. Breedlove, K R. Pond, D P. Belesky, L P. Tate Jr, F N. Thompson, S R. Wilkinson
Effect Of Endophyte (Acremonum Coenophialum) Infection Of Tall Fescue And Paddock Exchange On Intake And Performance Of Grazing Steers, J A. Stuedmann, D L. Breedlove, K R. Pond, D P. Belesky, L P. Tate Jr, F N. Thompson, S R. Wilkinson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
INTRODUCTION Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), grown on over 14 million ha, is the most common pasture grass in humid areas of the eastern USA and, to limited extent, in the northwestern USA. The presence of an endophyte in tall fescue has been associated with a number of animal health problems including reduced performance (Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988). Intake was reduced in diets containing the endophyte in seed, hay or green forage (Hemken et al., 1979; Schmidt et al., 1982). However, no studies have been reported which used direct methods to determine intake differences of grazing animals as influenced …
Phosphorus Fertilization And Beef Production On New Seeded Pastures In The Rolled Pampa Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, J Maddaloni, O D. Bertin
Phosphorus Fertilization And Beef Production On New Seeded Pastures In The Rolled Pampa Of Argentina, J A. Josifovich, J Maddaloni, O D. Bertin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In general there were not responses to phosphorus fertilization in pastures north of Salado River in Buenos Aires province, even though there are good responses south of this river. In a previous work in Pergamino, a 7 year old fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and white clover (Trifolium re pens) pasture was fertilized with 100 kg calcium superphosphate getting significant differences in A.D.G. and live weight increase per hectare, specially in winter months. There was no response in botanical composition, forage digestibility or crude protein content. (Maddaloni et al., 1982). To get the optimum doses for fertilization is not an easy …
Improving Animal Performance By Grazing Clovers, C P. Bagley, J I. Feazel, C C. Willis
Improving Animal Performance By Grazing Clovers, C P. Bagley, J I. Feazel, C C. Willis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Warm-season perennial grasses, such as 'Coastal' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), are characterized as being relatively high in yield capabilities but low to moderate in forage quality as compared with cool-season grasses (Wilson, 1984). Legumes can be interseeded into grass sods which can increase both forage yield (Knight, 1970) and animal performance (Blaser et al., 1956; Bagley et al., 1988). Performance of stocker animals has been shown to be much lower during the summer on bermudagrass compared with similar weight steers grazing ryegrass (Bagley, 1987). Legumes may be capable of extending the high performance grazing season of stocker beef past …
The Effects Of Graminaceous Species And Stocking Rate On Grazing Performance Of Charolais Steers, Francoise Riviere, Odile Colin
The Effects Of Graminaceous Species And Stocking Rate On Grazing Performance Of Charolais Steers, Francoise Riviere, Odile Colin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
High daily intakes of herbage with high digestibility are required to maximise animal production output per hectare from grazing. Tall fescue (TF) is well known for its high herbage production but its nutritive value may limit animal growth (Jacobson, 1969). Recently progress in sward species selection has provided· new TF cultivars with smooth leaves more digestible and better ingested by animals than the previous cultivars. The purpose of the trials reported here was to study, in comparison with perennial rye grass (PRG), the influence of new tall fescue cultivars, on steers growth grazing at two stocking rates.
Evaluation Of Three Tropical Perennial Grasses For Beef Production In South Central Florida, A Larbi, P Mislevy, W F. Brown, M B. Adjei
Evaluation Of Three Tropical Perennial Grasses For Beef Production In South Central Florida, A Larbi, P Mislevy, W F. Brown, M B. Adjei
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Species of the genus Cynodon (Bermudagrasses and stargrasses) have a considerable potential for grazing in southern Florida (Adjei et al., 1980, Pitman et al., 1984). Preliminary evaluation studies indicate that two new stargrass cultivars, Florico and Florona ( Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var nlemfuensis) and Callie Hybrid Bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers Tifton 44 X Callie], may offer alternatives to commercially available cultivars, due to their high forage production, persistence, cold tolerance and better nutritive value (Mislevy et al., 1981 and Brown, 1986). Little is known, however, of animal performance on these grasses under grazing. The objective of the study was …
Effects Of Grazing Sainfoin Stubble Fields And Adding With Green Hay On Grass-Lamb Fattening, Fu Yikun, Jia Dujing, Li Guangdi, Dang Bo, Wen Shangwen, Xu Changlin
Effects Of Grazing Sainfoin Stubble Fields And Adding With Green Hay On Grass-Lamb Fattening, Fu Yikun, Jia Dujing, Li Guangdi, Dang Bo, Wen Shangwen, Xu Changlin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With its fast turnover, low cost and high nutrition, lamb production has been developing an important industry of seasonal animal husbandry recently in China. The way of taking lambs from pastoral area and then fattened in farming area is considered to be most effective for lambs can make good use of feeds and climate resources in both farming and pastoral areas. The effects of grazing sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) stubble fields and adding with green hay on two types of lamb fattening were studied by means of measuring live-weight gains, meat quality and carcass output during 1986-1987, and the …
Efficiency Of Grazing On Growth And Nutrient Intake Of Dairy Heifers, M Okamoto, I Iketaki, N Hasegawa, N Yoshida
Efficiency Of Grazing On Growth And Nutrient Intake Of Dairy Heifers, M Okamoto, I Iketaki, N Hasegawa, N Yoshida
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing has traditionally been recognized as one of the most important labor-saving means in which herbage can be utilized more economically. However, in Japan, the practice of grazing is declining due to improved farm management - more animals per farm, greater harvest yield per area and higher production performance. Grazing animals tend to be healthier and more productive than animals kept in confinement. In addition, feed cost of raising dairy heifers on high pasture system is reduced by more than 50 % relative to the conventional (dry lot) system and to 65 % when the cost oflabor and facilities are …
Management Systems For Growing Fattening Bovine Cattle In Coast Cross Bermudagrass No.1 Without Irrigation, G Vales, A Molina
Management Systems For Growing Fattening Bovine Cattle In Coast Cross Bermudagrass No.1 Without Irrigation, G Vales, A Molina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Four experiments were carried out to establish an intensive non-irrigated system with Holstein male calves in coast cross bermuda grass No. 1 (Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast cross 1). Two grazing methods were evaluated. These were : segregating the area for pasture conservation in the rainy season and N fertilization including the strategy of application combined with different stocking rates.