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Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate Jun 2025

Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Kenya, the rangelands comprise about 80% of the country's land surface and contain about 76% of its population of cattle, sheep, goats and camels. Pastoralism is the dominant activity in this zone managed by among others, Maasai, Ren­dille, Samburu and Turkana tribesmen. The nomads keep animals for their own dietary requirements of milk, blood and meat and for sale to the heavily populated and crop dominated production systems of the high potential areas. The relative merits of meat and milk production and other economic indices of productivity have been analysed and discussed (ILCA, 1984). Despite suggested improvement interventions animal …

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Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup Jun 2025

Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock are a significant part of the agricultural production system of central Morocco: 1) they utilize cereal by-products (straw, chaff, weeds) and 2) they are a source of readily avail­able cash. Money generated from livestock sales serves to support the farmer and his family and sustain cropping opera­tions such as seeding, weed control and harvest. However, live­stock output is low. Cultivated forage represents only 3 % of arable land. The question we sought to answer was whether perennial for­age grasses could establish under low rainfall conditions (250-390 mm) in central Morocco. Our goal was to extend the avail­ability of quality …

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Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero Jun 2025

Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sardinian pasturelands covering 1.200.000 ha represent nearly the 50 % of the island surface and are the most import­ant resource for animal feeding. Pastureland productivity is scarce, annual dry matter ranging from 6 to 12 q ha-1. Low pro­duction is mainly due to climate, scarce deepness and type of soils and by competition of mediterranean shrubs, mainly Cistus spp. that infests nearly 500.000 ha with a percentage of covering ranging from 20 to 100 % . The control of Cistus is normally done by means of fire and by ploughing but results are poor because a correct management of the …

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Improving Marginal Land Productivity In Mediterranean Environment Using Phosphate Fertilizer, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks, E F. Thomson, L Russi Jun 2025

Improving Marginal Land Productivity In Mediterranean Environment Using Phosphate Fertilizer, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks, E F. Thomson, L Russi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Marginal lands in this paper refer to the non arable lands which exist within or adjacent to the cropping zone in the mediterranean basin. Such lands constitue a sizable proportion of the total land available in north Africa and southern Europe. Similarly in west Asia there are large areas : in Syria and Leb­anon, they constitute between 30 to 60% of the total land surface. In west Asia and north Africa (W ANA), these lands are used mainly for grazing of sheep and goats. However, because pro­ductivity is low the animals need supplementary feeding with barley grain, grazing of green …

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Utilization Des Savanes Naturelles Par Des Troupeaux Bovins Allaitants En Guadeloupe, M Naves, A Xande, F Vallee, O Coppry Jun 2025

Utilization Des Savanes Naturelles Par Des Troupeaux Bovins Allaitants En Guadeloupe, M Naves, A Xande, F Vallee, O Coppry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aux Antilles Frarn;aises, comme dans de nombreuses regions tropicales, les prairies naturelles et parcours occupent des surfaces importantes, principalement dans les zones seches. En Guadeloupe, ces paturages denommes « savanes » sont domines par la presence d'une graminee de valeur pastorale moyenne, le Dichanthium spp. Ils constituent la base des apports fourragers dans la plupart des exploitations orientees vers la production de viande bovine, basee sur des animaux de race locale Creole. Cependant le chargement est eleve et l'alimentation complementaire faible et irreguliere. La conduite de la reproduction est sommaire, avec des velages toute l'annee et aucune politique de sevrage …

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Variability Of A Tropical Savannah And Its Influence On Management Practices And Animal Weight Gains, R R. Vera, B Rivera, J H. Weniger Jun 2025

Variability Of A Tropical Savannah And Its Influence On Management Practices And Animal Weight Gains, R R. Vera, B Rivera, J H. Weniger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The savannah of the Colombian and Venezuelan plains have been relatively well studied from a floristic point of view and several major plant communities are recognized (Blydenstein, 1967). Nevertheless, the potential contribution of these plant communities to ruminant production have not been studied, except for the largest of these associations, that of the well­drained high savannah. Paladines and Leal (1979) have shown that it has low carrying capacity and sustains low levels of ani­mal production both per head and per animal, despite moder­ate levels of primary productivity. In effect, animal weight gains range from 70-90 kg head-1 and 18-40 kg …

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Distributions Of Yields And Nutritional Value In Native Pastures In South China, Zhiqiang Lai Jun 2025

Distributions Of Yields And Nutritional Value In Native Pastures In South China, Zhiqiang Lai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are about 40 millions ha of gqtzeable hill tussocky pastures in south China, generally with an elevation below 500 m and slopes between 6 to 30°. They are suited to ruminant animal husbandry with good rainfall, long growth period and a variety of high yielding plants. But most of the swards are improperly used and managed. This damages the pasture resources, and causes erosion due to overgrazing resulting in ecological unbalances and eventually, hazards the development of ruminant husbandry. The aim of this trial was, by studying the growth rhythm, seasonal distributions of the yield and nutritional value of …

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Influence De L'Intensite Du Paturage Sur Le Cycle De Vie Des Especes Ligneuses D'Une Garrigue Du Sud De La France, M Kawas, C Floret Jun 2025

Influence De L'Intensite Du Paturage Sur Le Cycle De Vie Des Especes Ligneuses D'Une Garrigue Du Sud De La France, M Kawas, C Floret

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le present travail a eu pour but de mettre en evidence l'effet du paturage sur les especes vegetales spontanees de formations vegetales ligneuses (garrigues) au Nord de Montpellier (France). La zone d'etude est situee d'apres le climagramme pluviothermique d'Emberger, dans l'etage bioclimatique medi­terraneen humide a hiver tempere Q = 132,9 ; m = 2,6 °C ; M = 27,7 °C; p = 961,8 mm). Ces garrigues sur sol calcaire dur ont ete soumises depuis des millenaires a !'impact de l'homme. Exploitees depuis longtemps, pour le bois, la culture et le paturage, et souvent brfi.lees, !es garrigues sont devenues des formations …

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Year Round Protein Of Native Grasses Of Lesotho, C J. Goebel, G Seutloal, V Ramakhula Jun 2025

Year Round Protein Of Native Grasses Of Lesotho, C J. Goebel, G Seutloal, V Ramakhula

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands of Lesotho are primarily located in the "sour veld " region of southern Africa. Percentagewise, the lands are cxtc11sive and furnish large quantities of forage for various type, of grazing animals. Detailed information upon nutritive qua I I ty of the native grasses would be of major benefit to assist in planning rotation grazing programs during critical periods or the year. In addition, there is a need for information of the nutrttional quality of introduced grasses to Lesotho's rangelands.

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Utilization De Parcours Par Des Ovins Laiteiers En Corse: Methodologie, Premiers Resultats, Florence Volaire, F Vallerand Jun 2025

Utilization De Parcours Par Des Ovins Laiteiers En Corse: Methodologie, Premiers Resultats, Florence Volaire, F Vallerand

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En Corse, la deprise agricole du debut de ce siecle a favorise !'emergence et la multiplacation d'elevages en « extensification passive» qui, du fait d'une faible pression animale sur le milieu, ne permettent plus un controle de la dynamique vegetale (Per­net et Lenclud, 1977). Dans ce contexte ou le maquis progresse, la production herbacee spontanee est limitee et essentiellement printaniere. Les elevages ovins laitiers de semi-montagne pre­sentent ainsi un decalage chronique entre le cycle de la demande fourragere (maximum en automne-hiver du fait des mises-bas) et le cycle de l'offre permise sur parcours. Or ces derniers per­mettent de couvrir 90 …

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Introduction, Selection And Evaluation Of Annual Sown Forage Legumes Under Continental Mediterranean Climate Conditions In Pakistan, Asghar Ali, J.D H. Keatinge, B Roidar Khan Jun 2025

Introduction, Selection And Evaluation Of Annual Sown Forage Legumes Under Continental Mediterranean Climate Conditions In Pakistan, Asghar Ali, J.D H. Keatinge, B Roidar Khan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The upland areas (> 1000 m) of Baluchistan Province in Pakistan (Latitude 28-32° N) experience a continental semi­arid Mediterranean climate with some irregular additions of summer monsoonal rainfall. The current farming systems rely on the production of small ruminants from degraded Artemesia and Chrysapogon sp. rangeland and subsistence cropping of wheat/fallow rotations (Icarda, 1988). Sheep and goat numbers in Baluchistan have increased since 1955 from approximately two to thirteen million head in 1986 (Icarda, 1988). This has resulted in severely overgrazed rangelands and periodic acute feed deficits. In response the Arid Zone Research Institute has initiated a program for the …

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Forage Production From Barley, Oats And Triticale Under Semi-Arid Conditions, D Droushiotis Jun 2025

Forage Production From Barley, Oats And Triticale Under Semi-Arid Conditions, D Droushiotis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under Mediterranean climatic conditions and systems of Agriculture, cereals are important contributors to animal feed­ing. They are, in general more drought and cold resistant than forage legumes. Barley in particular is a very important forage crop because of its reliability and versatility. As interest in live­stock increases in this area, fodder production becomes more and more important. The limited rainfall makes it difficult to get away from cereals and they will, for a long time to come, continue to be a major source of grazing, freshly cut forage, hay, silage and grain-straw.

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Preliminary Results Of Field Trial Evaluations Of Some Tropical Pasture Species Performance In The Humid And Sub-Humid Tropical Zones Of Yunnan Province, Southern China, Xu Xuie Jun, Wang Tu, Guo Zhen Yun Jun 2025

Preliminary Results Of Field Trial Evaluations Of Some Tropical Pasture Species Performance In The Humid And Sub-Humid Tropical Zones Of Yunnan Province, Southern China, Xu Xuie Jun, Wang Tu, Guo Zhen Yun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Yunnan province has a very complex topography and climate. There are tropical and sub-tropical zones at altitudes ranging from 100-1 000 m. The project started its tropical pas­ture species evaluation trial in 1983 at Daliuhu - a dry tropical zone, and some results were reported (Mathison et al., 1985). In 1987, a similar trial was conducted at Mangzhongtien - a humid tropical zone. The objective of the work is to provide recommendations on species useful for pasture improvement for increased livestock production. This paper compares the first year's results from the two sites.

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Introduction Of Fourwing Saltbush (Atriplex Canescens) Into Degraded Rangelands In Upload Baluchistan, S R. Aro, M I. Sultani, M Asghar, J.D H. Keatinge Jun 2025

Introduction Of Fourwing Saltbush (Atriplex Canescens) Into Degraded Rangelands In Upload Baluchistan, S R. Aro, M I. Sultani, M Asghar, J.D H. Keatinge

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The grassland and shrubland range types in upland Baluchis­tan have a climate which is continental, arid to semi-arid, and Mediterranean in character. Winter precipitation predominates but significant summer monsoonal rainfall occurs in the grass­land areas. The latitudinal zone is from 28° to 32°N. Dominant species in the shrubland type are Artemisia maritima and Haloxylon griffithii, where the annual precipitation is 200 mm, with 80 % occurring during winter. Dominant species in the grassland type are Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Chrysopogon aucheri, where annual precipitation is 300 mm, with 40 % occurring in summer. Range stocking densities, mostly from sheep …

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A Study On The Importance Of Forage Trees On The Native Grazing Land, E Bin Quan Jun 2025

A Study On The Importance Of Forage Trees On The Native Grazing Land, E Bin Quan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Inner Mongolia grassland has a rather simple management and low production. Artificial pasture covers 0.08 % of the total grassland, the output value of animal husbandry is only 24 % of that of agriculture. In 1984, 13.66 kg beef and mutton, 20.8 kg cow and sheep milk, 4.8 kg fine hair were produced for a hundred mu grassland(]). Herbivore value was RMB 82 Yuan. Because of coldness and shortage of forage, during the period of 1952-1985 there was a total livestock loss of 81.000.000 and per sheep lossed weight of 5 kg every winter and spring. In the heavy snowfall …

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Interest Of Traditional Practices To Improve Grassland Fertility In The Central Pyrenees, G Balent, M Duru Jun 2025

Interest Of Traditional Practices To Improve Grassland Fertility In The Central Pyrenees, G Balent, M Duru

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Central Pyrenees, the decline of agriculture has led to the transformation of fields into grasslands. The study of the dynamic of this secundary succession has shown the import­ance of residual soil fertility and grazing pressure on the botan­ical composition of plots (Balent & Duru, 1984). The actuals trends of evolution consist in a general decrease of soil fertility and, an irregular distribution of grazing pressure, the free-ran­ging animals selecting, during winter and early spring, the sites of higher fertility (Balent, 1986). From the mineral and botanical compositions of the veg­etation, we examine the interest of three traditional manage­ment …

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The Effect Of Management On Floristic Composition And Production On Species-Rich Hay Meadows, A Garcia, I Navascues Jun 2025

The Effect Of Management On Floristic Composition And Production On Species-Rich Hay Meadows, A Garcia, I Navascues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The old viewpoint that man and his influences are harmful to nature conservation has been proved that it is not necessa­rilly so. This fact is especially true in the species-rich hay meadow communities of Northern Spain. These old meadows can be defined by their traditional management which have not change for centuries and variety of plants and animals they have. These communities were originated by the first inhabit­ants who cleared the woodlands and could not be able to exist without the influence of man. Traditional management varies in detail throughout the area depending of the landowner, annual variation in climate …

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Evaluation On Vegetation And Forage Plant Resources In Tan Sheep Distributing Area, Chen Yi E Jun 2025

Evaluation On Vegetation And Forage Plant Resources In Tan Sheep Distributing Area, Chen Yi E

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tan sheep, a Mongolian sheep branch, famous for its fur products, is a fine variety distributed in northwestern China. It has a narrow eco-adaptation range concentrated in Ningsia Autonomous and the neighbouring regions. The special genetic characters and the position in sheep feeding of Tan sheep have long been attracting both Chinese and foreign animal husban­drists and ecologists to study. The genetic and distribution characters concerned with fur product quality have been reviewed by Cui et al. (1962), Li (1964), Shen and Di (1979). This paper deals mainly with the distinction of vegetation type and characters of forage plant resources …

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Determination Of The Forage Yield And Quality Of Native Hay At 3 Different Growth Stages At Syangboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel Jun 2025

Determination Of The Forage Yield And Quality Of Native Hay At 3 Different Growth Stages At Syangboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Syangboche Yak Farm is situated within the Sagarma­tha National Park in the district of Solukhumbu, eastern Nepal. The farm comprises 7 pasture areas stituated at different locations ranging from 3700 m. to 5700 m. The total farm area is 900 ha. and the pastures, situated at different heights, are used for grazing during specific periods of the month extending throughout the year. The size of the pastures varies from 15 to 250 ha. About 80 yaks pass their winters from November to May every year on a small pasture area of 15 ha at the farm proper at 3700 …

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The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin Jun 2025

The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are vast zones of Leymus chinense grassland which are the type of grassland with high yield and good quality in Inner Mongolia and North-East of China. Since 1960's because of the overuse of the land and other natural factors this excellent grassland suffered from deterioration differently. The further development of animal husbandry was directly influenced. In order to prevent grassland deterioration, a series of techniques in renewing the grassland have been found out with notable economical results.

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Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson Jun 2025

Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Iceland cool oceanic climate prevails, as the geographic location extends from the polar circle to three degrees latitude to the south and the island is warmed by a branch of the Gulf stream. Animal production is the main agricultural activity and it relies on good conditions for grass growth. In the following we sumarize some recent experimental results on the pro­duction of herbage in Iceland.

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Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong Jun 2025

Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The alpine areas in Yunnan (alt. > 3 000 m) amount to about 10 % of the total land area in the province. (He et al., 1982) The main crops in this area are potatoes, oats and barley. The potential for livestock production is far greater than that for crop production, but steep slopes are cropped and erosion is an increasing problem. The pressure on the land from greater stock numbers grazing common land is leading to over grazing caused dominance by less palatable species, limited seeding and recruitment and severe seasonal shortages of quality feed. The native vegetation (once coniferous …

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Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann Jun 2025

Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To become agriculturally self sufficient in the shortest poss­ible time many agricultural projects in African countries sought increased production as the only priority and disregarded sustainability. As limits to land productivity are set by soil, cli­mate and applied inputs there are critical levels of animal and human populations which can be supported. Lack of understanding of the potential land productivity and human and animal support capacity has resulted in inappropri­ate land use and development targets. In order to be able to predict the agricultural future of Africa to the year 2.000 F AO (1976) began the Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) project …

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The Study Of Different Vegetations In Both East And West Sides Of Big Xingan Mountains Middle Section, Shao Cheng Wei, Chun-He Zhang, Guo-Jun Fend Jun 2025

The Study Of Different Vegetations In Both East And West Sides Of Big Xingan Mountains Middle Section, Shao Cheng Wei, Chun-He Zhang, Guo-Jun Fend

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Big Xingan Mountains (BXM), which run from northeast to south-west with an elevation of 1,000-1,900 metres, on a total length of 1,300 kilometres, are situated in the northeast of China. The mountains can be divided into three parts according to their vegetation. The north part is forests, and the middle and south parts are forest steppe. About these areas, only a little research was done (Shao-cheng et al., 1985). Therefore, the basic theory study of grassland ecology and range science has been carried out in this paper in order to supply the basis for animal husbandry production.

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Forest Glade Grassland Resources And Their Evaluation On The Daonganling Forest Region, An Baolin Jun 2025

Forest Glade Grassland Resources And Their Evaluation On The Daonganling Forest Region, An Baolin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Daxinganling is a greatest original coniferous forest region of cool temperate zone in north-east of China. We discovered cross distributive forest glade grassland, they can be used as forage for developing animal husbandry.

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New Vegetation Map And Grassland Resource Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, Cui Haiting, Young Shipeng, Li Bo Jun 2025

New Vegetation Map And Grassland Resource Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, Cui Haiting, Young Shipeng, Li Bo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Inner Mon��olia autonomous region covers a total area of 1.15 million km . It has 80 million hectares of natural grass­ land which makes up 68 .41 % of the whole autonomous region. It is an important base of animal husbandry in our country. This new map (on the scale of 1:1,500,000) is based on data provided by visual interpretation of LANDSAT MSS, TM, RBV imageries and collection in field surveys. This map is one of the series maps which reflect different natural conditions of Inner Mongolia. The other maps are also made mainly through LANDSAT imagery visual interpretation. …

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Classification, Improvement And Use Of Low Mountain And Hill Grassland In Changbai Mountain System, Gao Zhongqi Jun 2025

Classification, Improvement And Use Of Low Mountain And Hill Grassland In Changbai Mountain System, Gao Zhongqi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climate, soil and distribution of animal and plants display clear « Vertical zone» nature in the area of Changbai Mountains. Various types of grassland are distributed under the elevation of 500 metres in the area. The grasslands should be improved and their productivity needs to increase.

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A Study Of Surface Water Resources And Grassland Environment In The Inner Mongolia With Remotely Sensed Method, Chen Qinluan, Xiang Jiangbo, Wang Huihui, Pan Tao Jun 2025

A Study Of Surface Water Resources And Grassland Environment In The Inner Mongolia With Remotely Sensed Method, Chen Qinluan, Xiang Jiangbo, Wang Huihui, Pan Tao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The characteristics of runoff yield in the soil surface of a drainage basin and the distribution of surface water resources in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been studied in detail with remote sensing in recent years. This study aims at offering some scientific evidences to adjust the structure ofland use in the cross-area of agriculture and animal husbandry and more reasonably to locate the bases for agriculture and husbandry.

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Using Landsat Images For Grassland Mapping In The Inner-Mongolia Of China, Mao Zan-You Jun 2025

Using Landsat Images For Grassland Mapping In The Inner-Mongolia Of China, Mao Zan-You

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are about 900 000 km2 grassland in Inner-Mongolia including meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe. It is the major basis of herbivorous animal products - beef, mutton, milk and leather (Fig. 1). Grassland research had been made many times in Inner­Mongolia region. Because the area is so vast that it needs ten more years to accomplish a general survey of grassland only applying satellite data can supply the macroscopic thematic maps for basic construction of grassland in shorter time. Besides supplying feed to the animals, the grassland has the important action for the improvement of regional environ­ment, water …

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The Optimum Structure Of Forage Production On Stock-Farm In Gora (Poland), M Sc Zuzanna Sawicka Jun 2025

The Optimum Structure Of Forage Production On Stock-Farm In Gora (Poland), M Sc Zuzanna Sawicka

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The main reason for undertaking this work is the decrease of cattle on stock-farms in Poland. This situation results from inappropriate structures of forage production and economic policies in agriculture. The stock-farm in Gora, situated in the center of Poland, is a middle classe farm, representing the above-mentioned problems. In many aspects, forage from grassland ought to be a dominant source of livestock feed, especially with regard to considerations of animal hygiene and organization of production. This work presents results of investigations on the optimum structure of forage production and economic aspects of profitable cattle breeding on a stock­farm in …

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