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Toward Effective Partially Protected Areas In Tanzania: A Review On Experiences From Ugalla Ecosystem, Paulo Wilfred
Toward Effective Partially Protected Areas In Tanzania: A Review On Experiences From Ugalla Ecosystem, Paulo Wilfred
Tanzania Journal of Science
Tanzania is understandably concerned about the deterioration of its partially protected areas (PPAs, e.g. game controlled and open areas) due to unauthorised resource use activities. Its 2007 wildlife policy recognises that PPAs are managed as buffer zones so they provide a cushion against land use impacts on core protected areas, and support local livelihoods. Ensuring effective protection of PPAs is especially timely given the fact that Tanzania’s human population is now large and growing rapidly, with rising demand for natural resources, and that protected areas are becoming increasingly isolated. This paper draws insight from research activities in Ugalla ecosystem, western …
Application Of Regression Model To Identify A Parameter That Best Defines Species Diversity In The Coastal Forests Of Tanzania, Cosmas Mligo
Application Of Regression Model To Identify A Parameter That Best Defines Species Diversity In The Coastal Forests Of Tanzania, Cosmas Mligo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Coastal forests of Tanzania are diverse in plant species that make them included as part of the 34 world biodiversity hotspots. This study aimed atdetermining plant species diversity, richness, and evenness as well as to identify the parameter that best defines plant species diversity in the three coastal forests; namely Zaraninge, Kazimzumbwi and Pande. Transect method was used for vegetation data collection and subjected to Analysis of variance and regression techniques. The plant species composition among forests ranged between 75 and 146 with a significantly lower diversity index in Zaraninge (2.057 ± 0.112) than those in Pande (2.415 ± 0.022) …
Assessment Of Water Quality Variation In Rivers Through Comparative Index Technique And Its Reliability For Decision Making, Aldo Kitalika, Revocatus Machunda, Hans Komakech, Karoli N Njau
Assessment Of Water Quality Variation In Rivers Through Comparative Index Technique And Its Reliability For Decision Making, Aldo Kitalika, Revocatus Machunda, Hans Komakech, Karoli N Njau
Tanzania Journal of Science
The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) and Weighed Arithmetic Index (WAI) methods for water quality index (WQI) have been studied to evaluate their reliability in water quality assessment in rivers. Water samples were collected in various GPS predetermined points in Temi, Nduruma, Tengeru and Maji ya Chai rivers-Tanzania during wet and dry seasons and were analyzed for several water quality parameters using standard methods as per APHA. Medium to excellent water qualities were observed for pristine environment in three rivers except Maji ya Chai under NSF and WIA methods, respectively. Excellent water quality was observed in the pristine environment of Temi …
Removal Of Organic Material In Free Water Surface Gravel Bed Filters, Aloyce Mayo
Removal Of Organic Material In Free Water Surface Gravel Bed Filters, Aloyce Mayo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The removal of organic material in free surface gravel bed filters was investigated and modelled. Two pilot wetland units of 7.5m x 1.5m x 0.7m were constructed adjacent to the University of Dar es Salaam waste stabilization ponds to receive maximum organic and hydraulic loading rates of less than 185 kg/ha/d and 110 l/m2/d, respectively. These units received wastewater of domestic characteristics from primary stabilization pond. The entire depth of 0.7 m of the wetland units were packed with gravel of size 8 ~ 25 mm and porosity of 35%. Samples were collected from the influent and effluent of wetland …
Moisture Induced Deformations In Glulam Members - Experiments And 3-D Finite Element Model, Henry Meleki Kiwelu
Moisture Induced Deformations In Glulam Members - Experiments And 3-D Finite Element Model, Henry Meleki Kiwelu
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Experiments were performed on scaled glue laminated bending specimens to observe time dependent development of deformations during drying and wetting. Measurements determined changes in the average moisture content and external shape and dimensions between when specimens were placed into constant or variable climates. Alterations in the external shape and dimensions reflected changes in the average value and distribution of moisture and mechanosorptive creep in the glulam. The results are being used to develop a sequentially-coupled three-dimensional hygrothermal Finite Element (FE) model for predicting temporally varying internal strains and external deformations of drying or wetting solid wood structural components. The model …
Handling Of Syringe Sharps In A Non-Incineration Health Care Waste Disposal, Tito Mwinuka
Handling Of Syringe Sharps In A Non-Incineration Health Care Waste Disposal, Tito Mwinuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
An attempt has been made by the R&D team of the University of Dar es Salaam to design and manufacture two needle cutter prototypes, a manually operated and an automatic needle cutter to be used in rural and urban areas, respectively. This is part of the UNDP and WHO efforts aimed at promoting the non-burn medical waste disposal technologies in developing countries such as Argentina, India, Latvia, Lebanon, Philippines, Senegal, Tanzania and Vietnam. The project also involves designing and manufacturing of the autoclaves for sterilizing of needle cutters and other infectious medical waste. The use of needle cutters in hospitals …
Effect Of Habitat Fragmentation On Diversity And Abundance Of Nesting Birds In An Urban Landscape: The Case Of Mwalimu Nyerere Campus Thickets, University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Shirima, Chacha Werema
Effect Of Habitat Fragmentation On Diversity And Abundance Of Nesting Birds In An Urban Landscape: The Case Of Mwalimu Nyerere Campus Thickets, University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Shirima, Chacha Werema
Tanzania Journal of Science
Little is known of the nesting bird species in most of urban areas of East Africa. An investigation was made of the occurrence of breeding bird species in the fragmented thickets found in the Mwalimu Nyerere Campus of the University of Dar es Salaam, in the City of Dar es Salaam. The study examined how habitat fragmentation affects nesting bird species richness and diversity in the thickets. Systematic physical nest searches of breeding birds were conducted in the fragmented thickets. Searches were conducted in transects and they included inspecting vegetation, bare ground, cavities, stream (river) banks and other suitable nesting …
Prediction Of Rainfall In The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso
Prediction Of Rainfall In The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso
Tanzania Journal of Science
Previous studies on the variability of March to May (MAM) and October to December (OND) rainfall in East Africa have mainly covered the whole region without considering the local climate zones such as the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Results from the regional studies have shown that the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) have strong association with OND rainfall and weak one with MAM rainfall in East Africa. The present study was aimed at determining the potential predictors for the MAM and OND rainfall by considering IOD, El Ni o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBOu30 and …
Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete
Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete
Tanzania Journal of Science
The sisal industry in Tanzania generates large amounts of waste which is an un-tapped bioresource. Research was undertaken to establish appropriate technologies for its valorisation to mushrooms, biogas and biogas manure (BGM).Physical and biological pre-treatments achieved methane yield increments of 23-30% whereas co-digestion with fish waste achieved methane yield increments of 59-94%. Sisal fibre waste was demonstrated to be a novel biofilm-carrier for treating sisal pulp leachate. With a loading rate of 9.0 kgVS/m3/day, the packed-bed bioreactor was operated without process stress. Sisal decortication waste (SLDW) and sisal boles (SBW) were found to be suitable for oyster mushroom cultivation. With …
Ecological Carrying Capacity Of Saanane Island Proposed National Park, Mwanza, Tanzania, Cl Nahonyo, G Sangu
Ecological Carrying Capacity Of Saanane Island Proposed National Park, Mwanza, Tanzania, Cl Nahonyo, G Sangu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The study on ecological carrying capacity of Saanane Island aimed at assessing stocking capacity of the island to provide guidance to the introduction of animals to enhance its ecological value and tourism potential. To evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of the Island, wet and dry season data were collected in 2014 for woody, herbaceous and grass species using PCQ and quadrat methods Wet and dry weights biomass of the forage material was measured to determine dry matter content and are presented as dry weight biomass. Total productivity was 4,280 kg/ha dry weight in wet season which increased to 7,965 kg/ha …
Design Of A Small Scale Wind Generator For Low Wind Speed Areas, Ra Msuya, Rrm Kainkwa, Mi Mgwatu
Design Of A Small Scale Wind Generator For Low Wind Speed Areas, Ra Msuya, Rrm Kainkwa, Mi Mgwatu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Most small scale level wind turbine generators are directly driven system, variable speed, and partially connected power electronic converter system. Choice of such system is to avoid costs associated with gearbox. However, due to low wind speed in most of the tropical countries, synchronous generators with smaller or medium speed Permanent Magnet (PM) generator design found to be important and given high performance efficiency. In order to be able to harvest wind energy in off-grid population efficiently, there was a need to design a synchronous generator that can be able to operate under low wind speed, directly connected to the …
Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Boletus Bicolor, A Basidiomycetes Mushroom Indigenous To Tanzania, Donatha Tibuhwa
Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Boletus Bicolor, A Basidiomycetes Mushroom Indigenous To Tanzania, Donatha Tibuhwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
Boletus bicolor commonly known as coloured bolete is a basidiomyctes mushroom species widely used as a delicacy and its extract has been used traditionally to treat several human ailments in Tanzania. This study evaluates its extracts in order to provide a scientific foundation on the possible application in folk medicine system based on the biochemical evaluation. Standard microbes Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were used to test, the antifungal and antibacterial activity. Cytotoxicity test was also done on the extracts using brine shrimp test. Besides, the extracts were also used to investigate for antioxidant activity using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). …
A Comparative Study Of Species Diversity Of Migrant Birds Between Protected And Unprotected Areas Of The Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, As Ringim, Fj Magige, Rm Jasson
A Comparative Study Of Species Diversity Of Migrant Birds Between Protected And Unprotected Areas Of The Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, As Ringim, Fj Magige, Rm Jasson
Tanzania Journal of Science
Among the most complex and fascinating behaviour in birds is their long, non-stop migration. Despite Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands (Ramsar site) being an important wintering ground for migratory birds, little is known about the diversity while density is completely lacking. This study assessed the status of migratory birds in the wetland’s Protected Areas (PAs) and Unprotected Areas (UPAs). A total of 99 census points spaced 400 m apart with radius of 100 m were surveyed from 14 wetlands (48 point count stations in the PAs and 51 in the UPAs). A total of 54 migrant bird species belonging to 13 orders and …
Conservation Efforts Of Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis: Its Discovery, Captive Breeding, Extinction In The Wild And Re-Introduction, Cuthbert Nahonyo, Ezekiel Goboro, Wilirk Ngalason, Severinus Mutagwaba, Ichard Ugomba, Mohammed Nassoro, Emmanuel Nkombe
Conservation Efforts Of Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis: Its Discovery, Captive Breeding, Extinction In The Wild And Re-Introduction, Cuthbert Nahonyo, Ezekiel Goboro, Wilirk Ngalason, Severinus Mutagwaba, Ichard Ugomba, Mohammed Nassoro, Emmanuel Nkombe
Tanzania Journal of Science
Species conservation depends on the initiatives to restore or retain and sustainably use the environment in which the species live. This paper highlights how development projects can affect biodiversity conservation and the challenges in achieving sustainable development. The paper discusses a case study of the Kihansi Spray Toad (KST) (Nectophrynoides asperginis) from its discovery, extinction in the wild, captive breeding and subsequent reintroduction to its native habitat; focusing on events, challenges, approaches in addressing issues, future prospects and achievements in the conservation of this endemic species. There has been considerable success in KST husbandry in captivity and reintroduction trials of …
Effect Of Natural Blue-Green Algal Cells Lysis On Freshwater Quality, Kessy Kilulya, Titus Msagati, Bhekie Mamba
Effect Of Natural Blue-Green Algal Cells Lysis On Freshwater Quality, Kessy Kilulya, Titus Msagati, Bhekie Mamba
Tanzania Journal of Science
Blue-green algae grow in freshwater bodies when they are provided with suitable factors such as nutrients and appropriate weather conditions. Their cell lysis occurs naturally when they encounter unfavourable conditions. This study reports on the types and amounts of fatty acids added into freshwater due to the algal cell lysis. The investigation on the amount of fatty acids released into water due to algal cells lysis was performed by placing samples in two compartments, one with no light allowing the algae cells to die while the other compartment was kept in favourable conditions enough to sustain the life of algae. …
Nuclear Analytical Techniques In Tanzania: A Review, Yusufu Koleleni
Nuclear Analytical Techniques In Tanzania: A Review, Yusufu Koleleni
Tanzania Journal of Science
It has been a tradition to perceive that Nuclear/Atomic radiations are only related to Nuclear/Atomic bombs, heavy ammunitions and consequently applications for human and non-peaceful destructions. In this paper the questions on how the Nuclear/Atomic radiations may be used for peaceful applications and specifically to Tanzanian situations are presented. Methods like Energy Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE), Electron probe Micro-Mass Analysis (EPMA), Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) for investigations of different types of samples in geology; environmental, medical, biological and chemical are discussed.
Entrepreneurial Orientation Among Social Enterprises In Uganda, Ernest Abaho, Desi Barungi Begumisa, Fiona Aikiriza, Ivaney Turyasingura
Entrepreneurial Orientation Among Social Enterprises In Uganda, Ernest Abaho, Desi Barungi Begumisa, Fiona Aikiriza, Ivaney Turyasingura
Business Management Review
This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and social enterprise growth. A sample of 144 was selected from 548 registered social enterprises in Kampala city of Uganda using simple random sampling. The paper uses cross-sectional data. It has established that there is a significant positive correlation between the level of Innovativeness and Social Enterprise Growth, implying that that, as social entrepreneurs invest more in both radical and incremental innovations, they are likely to realise growth in competitiveness. Moreover, the study has found that risk orientation and proactiveness have a significant correlation with social enterprises growth. In other words, …
Acceptance Of Mobile Phone Payments Systems In Tanzania: Technology Acceptance Model Approach, Victor G. Wilson, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba
Acceptance Of Mobile Phone Payments Systems In Tanzania: Technology Acceptance Model Approach, Victor G. Wilson, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba
Business Management Review
This paper presents a quantitative study on the users ' acceptance of mobile phone payment systems (MPPS). Basing on the technology acceptance model (TAM), the study specifically evaluated the influence of ease of use; perceived usefulness; service quality; and information systems qualities of payment systems in the adoption and use of MPPS. A questionnaire survey was carried with 300 users out of which 260 were clean for data analysis using SPSS version 21. To supplement the survey, the study deployed interviews. The regression results indicate significant influence of the regressed variables with slightly low values of the adjusted R-square. The …
Influence Of Perceived Environmental Turbulence On Market Orientation Of Service Firms In Tanzania, Diana Mwilu Philemon
Influence Of Perceived Environmental Turbulence On Market Orientation Of Service Firms In Tanzania, Diana Mwilu Philemon
Business Management Review
The article examines the influences of perceived environmental turbulence on market orientation of service firms in Tanzania. A conceptual framework linking perceived environmental turbulence and market orientation was developed and tested using a sample of 178 service firms. The sample comprised hotels, travel agents and tour operators and insurance agents. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse data. Results indicate that the perceived environmental turbulence components, namely, perceived technological turbulence and perceived market turbulence influence positively the market orientation of service firms whereas the perceived competitive intensity influences negatively the market orientation of service firms in Tanzania. The findings contribute …
The Influence Of Facilitating Conditions, Perceived Benefits, And Perceived Risk On Intention To Adopt E-Filing In Tanzania, Joyce Sichone, Rufina A. Milamo, Alfred J. Kimea
The Influence Of Facilitating Conditions, Perceived Benefits, And Perceived Risk On Intention To Adopt E-Filing In Tanzania, Joyce Sichone, Rufina A. Milamo, Alfred J. Kimea
Business Management Review
Most tax authorities adopt electronic filing (e-filing) to derive its benefits. Through e-filing, compliance to tax payments is enhanced and tax administration costs are reduced. Despite such e-filing benefits, intention to adopt e-filing for Tanzanian taxpayers is very little. This study therefore, aimed at assessing the facilitating conditions, perceived benefits and perceived risk on intention to adopt e-filing. A survey was conducted covering Coast, DaresSalaam and Mwanza regions to assess the influence of such conditions. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 226 individuals to collect data from tax practitioners. Data on perceived risk (security and confidentiality of …
The Influence Of Administrative Features And Users ' Attributes On The Success Of Technological Aspects For E-Government Implementation In Tanzania: Users ' Perspectives, Joyce Sichone, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba
The Influence Of Administrative Features And Users ' Attributes On The Success Of Technological Aspects For E-Government Implementation In Tanzania: Users ' Perspectives, Joyce Sichone, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba
Business Management Review
Electronic government (e-government) has been a policy issue for several nations since 1990s. Although e-government is vital due to its importance inenhancing efficiency in public sector services, itsimplementation has manychallenges. This study, therefore, aimed at examining the administrative features and users ' attributes as far as technological aspects are concerned, for e-government implementation. Data wascollected by using structured questionnaires served to Customs Staff and Tax Practitioners in DaresSalaam Region. This data included technological aspects (e.g.ICT infrastructure and support); user ' s attributes (e.g. education levels); and administrative aspects in ICT regulations. Itwasanalysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics,factor analysis and finally, thestudy …
Residents ' Perception Of Tourism Impacts And Involvement: A Cluster Analysis Of Kilimanjaro Residents, Tanzania, Dev Jani
Business Management Review
This study aimed at segmenting residents around Mount Kilimanjaro on the basis of their perception of economic, environmental, and socio-cultural impacts of tourism. A structured questionnaire yielded 160 cases that were clustered and analyzed using non-hierarchical analysis followed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Two clusters were noted to differ with respect to their perceived impacts of tourism. Among the demographic variables, only gender served in differentiating the clusters. The two clusters were observed to differ in terms of economic, political, and social involvement of residents with tourism industry. Residents who are involved in tourism industry are likely to be positive on …
Design And Manufacture Of A Waste Compactor Prototype: A Step Towards Implementing A Non-Burn Health Care Waste Disposal In Developing Countries, Tito Mwinuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Non-burn technology is the only safe way of handling and disposing infectious healthcare waste. It involves steam treatment of infectious waste at temperatures higher than 121 o C for a minimum of 30 minutes before disposing them just like other municipal waste. Infectious healthcare waste is normally only about 10 25% of all healthcare waste. In this paper, design, manufacturing and testing of a waste compactor for reducing waste volume to facilitate its handling is discussed. Preliminary tests show that the waste volume can be reduced to less than 10% of its original volume using the developed compactor. Waste compactors …
Ict Adoption And Use In Tanzania Smes, Cuthbert Msuya
Ict Adoption And Use In Tanzania Smes, Cuthbert Msuya
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The purpose of this paper was to establish the status of ICTs adoption and use in Tanzania SMEs. Previously, it was shown that there is a shortage of comprehensive, accurate and up to date data on many aspects of the SMEs sector including the level of ICT adoption and use. This has affected government efforts aimed at development of this important sector in the economic development of the country. Results show that: (i) By year 2014, adoption of ICTs in SMEs had grown from almost non-existence in year 2004 to 80.1% computer technology use, and over 56.6% for use of …
Restoration Of Historic Buildings In Zanzibar, John K. Makunza Jkm
Restoration Of Historic Buildings In Zanzibar, John K. Makunza Jkm
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Looking at current state of most repaired historic buildings in Stone Town of Zanzibar, it is quite clear that the repair attempts made have not been very successful. Modern materials and techniques introduced in the repair works have often proven to be incompatible with the original materials causing accelerated deterioration of buildings fabric. This shows that, there is no comprehensive study undertaken so far on identifying the appropriate materials and restoration techniques. To solve this problem, a study has been made with the main objective of developing the means of restoring historic buildings by using materials existing in Stone Town …
Women Entrepreneurs ' Strategies And Tourism Development In Zanzibar, Nelly S. Maliva
Women Entrepreneurs ' Strategies And Tourism Development In Zanzibar, Nelly S. Maliva
Business Management Review
This article uses the concept of enactment to determine how the strategies women adopt to work in the tourism industry contribute to the development of the industry in Zanzibar. The article positions women as capable of negotiating with the structures that constrain their participation in the tourism industry and that they are an integral part of the environment they live or operate in. It identifies the strategies they use and their coping mechanism. As women in the Zanzibar archipelago have generally been limited in their exposure to formal education, they deploy their household competence to thrive in the industry. In …
Fundraising Initiatives In Children 'S Welfare Projects - Perspectives From Local Ngos, Deusdedit Rwehumbiza, Revocatus R. Donat
Fundraising Initiatives In Children 'S Welfare Projects - Perspectives From Local Ngos, Deusdedit Rwehumbiza, Revocatus R. Donat
Business Management Review
Despite the existence of numerous sources of funding such as the government, multilateral agencies, corporate sponsorship, family foundations and individual donors, NGOs in Tanzania are still experiencing challenges in obtaining children welfare project funds. This study set out to examine the effectiveness of fundraising initiatives undertaken by local NGOs to improve the welfare of orphans and vulnerable children in Ilala District, Tanzania. A holistic multiple case study design was employed using semi-structured interviews with local NGO leaders. With the assistance of Nvivo software programme, pattern coding was inductively used to bring together coded information into more compact and meaningful groupings. …
Towards Social Media Usage For Promotional Activities In Tanzanian Pension Schemes A Factor Scores Regression Analysis Of Perceived Factors, Juma James Masele, Gerald Bernard Magova
Towards Social Media Usage For Promotional Activities In Tanzanian Pension Schemes A Factor Scores Regression Analysis Of Perceived Factors, Juma James Masele, Gerald Bernard Magova
Business Management Review
This study assessed perceived factors for social media usage among pension schemes in Tanzania in their endeavour to enhance their promotional activities. Specifically, it sought to assess perception by pension firms regarding social media as promotional tools for their activities in the pension firms. The study involved 96 Social Security Organisations (SSOs) employees from four Pension Schemes (NSSF, GEPF, PSPF and PPF) headquarters in Dar es Salaam. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20) using factor analysis and later regression analysis. Through regression analysis, findings indicated that social media usage for promotional activities is predicted …
Entrepreneurial Activities And Growth Of Women Businesses: A Case Of Tanzania, Juliana G. Wilbard, Omari Khalifa Mbura
Entrepreneurial Activities And Growth Of Women Businesses: A Case Of Tanzania, Juliana G. Wilbard, Omari Khalifa Mbura
Business Management Review
The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that affect the growth of women ' s businesses in Tanzania. It focuses on education and training, financing, family, double-burden double-shift and networking and market as factors that hinder women ' s business growth. To achieve this objective, a cross-section survey of women ' s SMEs in Tanzania was carried out. It used a sample of 254 randomly selected women entrepreneurs from cloth, wholesaling, retailing, hair salon, food vending, handicraft, mobile money, microfinance institution, tailoring, charcoal selling, fish selling and vegetable selling businesses in Tanzania to test the four hypotheses …
Trade Balance Determinants In East African Countries, Robert Suphian
Trade Balance Determinants In East African Countries, Robert Suphian
Business Management Review
East African Community (EAC) countries run huge trade imbalances and have maintained it as high as five percent for many years. Many countries including those from EAC borrow to sustain their budget deficits. This borrowing raised concerns about the sustainability of these imbalances and long-term consequences. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to examine empirically the determinants of trade balance in East African countries and propose possible trade balance deterioration remedies. The proposed trade balance model was estimated using cointegration regression under the Full Modified Least Square (FMOLS) followed by the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Different mixed …