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Angular And Geometric Dependence Of Single-Event Effects In Gallium Nitride Hemts, Patrick Maloney
Angular And Geometric Dependence Of Single-Event Effects In Gallium Nitride Hemts, Patrick Maloney
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have become popular in commercial and space applications due to their desirable material properties compared to silicon. However, their susceptibility to radiation-induced single-event effects (SEE) remains a critical reliability concern. This work investigates on permanent SEE in GaN-based power devices, including single-event leakage current (SELC) and single-event burnout (SEB). The dependence of SEE susceptibility on electric field, ion angle of incidence, current rating, and metallization layers is investigated and conclusions are presented. Heavy-ion irradiation experiments demonstrate that the worst-case condition occurs at near-normal incidence (0°–15°), where charge deposition most effectively overlaps high-field …
Structural Design And Development Of Deployable Propeller Blade, Annan Mashin
Structural Design And Development Of Deployable Propeller Blade, Annan Mashin
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Aerospace systems frequently face competing requirements between compact packaging and high aerodynamic performance. Large propellers improve efficiency and thrust generation, yet launch constraints and confined storage volumes limit their maximum span. Conventional deployable solutions rely on hinges, locking mechanisms, and external actuation, increasing mechanical complexity and reducing reliability. This dissertation investigates an alternative approach in which elastic instabilities in thin composite shells are deliberately harnessed to enable rapid, mechanism- free deployment of aerodynamic structures. This work harnesses propagating instability in open- section thin-walled airfoil geometries to enable reversible transformation between compact stowed and stiff deployed configurations. By tailoring structural architecture, …
Cell Type-Specific Fatty Acid Signalling And Its Sex Dependence, Emeline Masterson
Cell Type-Specific Fatty Acid Signalling And Its Sex Dependence, Emeline Masterson
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Dietary fat is a highly palatable, energy-dense nutrient whose oral detection powerfully shapes ingestion patterns and metabolic outcomes. Despite clear behavioral and physiological evidence that fat can evoke distinct taste signals, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its transduction remain poorly understood. A critical gap exists in our understanding of the cell-type-specific molecular pathways and how these signals are modulated by hormonal status. This dissertation delineates estrogen-dependent plasticity in FA transduction within the peripheral taste system, revealing coordinated, sex and cell-type-specific modulation of these pathways. To understand the missing mechanisms, FA-evoked responses were compared in Type II cells from wild-type …
The Revelations, Lily Mckenna
The Revelations, Lily Mckenna
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
The Revelations is a self-actualization in the form of a poetry collection. The speaker’s realization that reality is relative arrives through a Title IX case against an abusive boyfriend and former bandmate. Poems such as “Complainant / Respondent” use rigid legal structures to investigate the fluidity of truth and perception and how they can be manipulated. With her band on hiatus and the case propelling her into a new world, the speaker starts running DIY shows alongside a cast of characters with a shared love of music. She interrogates their realities in the character studies “On The Relative Reality Of…,” …
Deceptive Design And Disability: How Dark Patterns Affect Users With Visual Impairments, Konstantin Metz
Deceptive Design And Disability: How Dark Patterns Affect Users With Visual Impairments, Konstantin Metz
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Dark patterns are deceptive interface designs that steer users toward unintended actions, often at financial or privacy cost. This thesis examines how those that are vision impaired are at greater risk of these dark patterns given their visual acuity deficit. We conducted semi structured interviews with nine participants across common contexts including e-commerce checkout, subscription and cancellation flows, software download pages, and mobile permission prompts. The data show recurring exposure to dark patterns such as hidden or de-emphasized fees, pre-selected add-ons, deceptive advertising and fake download buttons along with unequal consent paths, repeated permission nagging, and cancellation friction. Participants reported …
Comparison Study Of Classical And Quantum Methods For Least Squares Support Vector Data Description, Michelle Miller
Comparison Study Of Classical And Quantum Methods For Least Squares Support Vector Data Description, Michelle Miller
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Kernel-based one-class classification (OCC) methods leverage kernel functions and are widely used for anomaly detection due to their ability to map data into high-dimensional feature spaces. One such model is Least Squares Support Vector Data Description (LS-SVDD), which aims to construct a minimum volume hypersphere that encompasses the target class observations. A pivotal component in the construction of the hypersphere is the choice of kernel. In this study, the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel is compared to a quantum kernel constructed through quantum feature maps. The two kernel methods are compared across four distributional shift scenarios—mean shift, rotating covariance, correlation …
The Role Of Adolescent Attachment In The Relationship Between Trauma And Identity, Ellie Mitova
The Role Of Adolescent Attachment In The Relationship Between Trauma And Identity, Ellie Mitova
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Traumatic experiences have been shown to influence identity development during emerging adulthood, a complex developmental period. However, research examining how trauma interacts with adolescent attachment qualities to shape identity processes remains limited. Previous studies have primarily focused on infant attachment styles and their long-term developmental outcomes, leaving a gap in understanding how attachment qualities developed through relationships with parents and peers during adolescence may influence identity development in emerging adults. Additionally, while traumatic experiences have been associated with maladaptive identity processes such as rumination and identity distress, some research suggests that trauma may also contribute to deeper identity exploration and …
Cfd Investigation Of Heat Transfer Enhancement In Pipes Using Gyroid Tpms Structures For Industrial Steam Generation, Alejandro Moreno Escribano
Cfd Investigation Of Heat Transfer Enhancement In Pipes Using Gyroid Tpms Structures For Industrial Steam Generation, Alejandro Moreno Escribano
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Industrial heating processes account for nearly 28\% of global CO2 emissions, and fossil fueled boilers predominate in high temperature applications. Industrial electrification can be an effective solution when combined with renewable energy sources. Increasing steam generation efficiency and at the same time maintaining system compactness is a significant challenge in industrial thermal processes. Traditional smooth pipes offer limited heat transfer surface area, which constrains boiling heat transfer performance and reduces the overall efficiency of steam generation systems. Advanced internal geometries have the potential to significantly enhance heat transfer by increasing surface area and promoting fluid mixing. This work presents a …
The Intersection Of Abuse, Child Welfare, And The Law For Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: Gender Violence As An Antagonistic Social Force, Julio Montanez
The Intersection Of Abuse, Child Welfare, And The Law For Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: Gender Violence As An Antagonistic Social Force, Julio Montanez
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Intimate partner violence (IPV)—as gender violence—pits children’s civil rights and women’s civil liberties against each other. To explore this phenomenon, the current work features five (5) studies that aim to understand the systemic consequences of IPV and child maltreatment for victims and survivors of both types of abuse.
- Study 1 is a qualitative-deductive study featuring a directed content analysis of news media pertaining to a trial court case on lethal child maltreatment and IPV.
- Study 2 is a qualitative-inductive study featuring a feminist critical discourse analysis of trial court data on lethal child maltreatment and IPV.
- Study 3 is a …
Ignition Delay Time Measurements Of Natural Gas/Ammonia Mixtures At Gas Turbine Operating Conditions, Zachary A. Morris
Ignition Delay Time Measurements Of Natural Gas/Ammonia Mixtures At Gas Turbine Operating Conditions, Zachary A. Morris
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Natural Gas/Ammonia (NG/NH3) fuel blends are a promising route to reduce CO2 emissions from gas turbines while leveraging existing NG infrastructure, but their autoignition behavior at elevated pressures is not yet well constrained. This work reports high-pressure shock tube ignition delay time (IDT) measurements for NG/NH3/Air mixtures at gas turbine-relevant conditions. Experiments were performed at pressures of 5, 10, and 25 bar, temperatures from 1500 to 2100 K, with equivalence ratios of Φ = 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4, and argon-diluted fuel compositions spanning pure NH3 to NG-rich blends. Experiments were carried out in two …
Revolution In The Age Of Social Media: A Mathematical Model For Information, Dissent, And Stability, Killian Muollo
Revolution In The Age Of Social Media: A Mathematical Model For Information, Dissent, And Stability, Killian Muollo
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Revolutions, defined by Skocpol as rapid transformations in class, state, and/or social structures, are important world events that can cause civil wars, spark international trends, and result in transitions toward democratic and autocratic regimes alike. They are characterized largely by the mechanism of mass mobilization, which is increasingly facilitated by online networks and digital communication. In this dissertation, we investigate such means and outcomes of revolutions as dynamical systems. We construct three models describing separate but complementary aspects of revolution, beginning at the smallest unit of analysis and then moving outward in scope. First, we construct a graph-based model to …
Sensitivity Analysis Of Tuned And Intentionally Mistuned Blisks To Random Mistuning, Tate A. Myers
Sensitivity Analysis Of Tuned And Intentionally Mistuned Blisks To Random Mistuning, Tate A. Myers
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
The vibrational behavior of bladed disks, or blisks, is highly sensitive to variations in its cyclic symmetry due to variations in mass, stiffness, damping, or a combination of these factors. These inconsistencies can arise from manufacturing tolerance inconsistencies, operational wear, impacts during usage, and intentional mistuning. This thesis develops an analysis of the sensitivity of both tuned and intentionally mistuned blisks to random mistuning in their structural properties. Sobol sampling combined with state-space eigen-analysis is utilized to develop a set of randomly mistuned systems. Modal Assurance Criterion is used to track the mode shapes of each randomly mistuned system back …
Enhancing The Immersive Experience Through The Diversification Of Operational Costuming, Emma Nevitt
Enhancing The Immersive Experience Through The Diversification Of Operational Costuming, Emma Nevitt
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
This thesis will be a comparative creative project that analyzes current operational wardrobe options within immersive lands, utilizing case studies and applied research, a neutral proposed immersive land will be created with operational costuming options that provides variety to the operational wardrobe that will enhance the immersive guest experience by creating a more compelling environment through wardrobe diversity. This will be achieved through a kit-of-parts approach where staffing will have a small variety of tops, bottoms, headwear, outerwear, and accessories to create a unique look to their own wardrobe while providing narrative insight. Each piece will be designed specifically for …
Magic In The Margins: A Painter's Ode To Love, Loss, And Laughter, Angelina B. Palmisano
Magic In The Margins: A Painter's Ode To Love, Loss, And Laughter, Angelina B. Palmisano
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
In art, there lives a gift of transcendence with power to transport the viewer into another realm of thought and imagination beyond the limitations of our physical world. This thesis, Magic in the Margins: A Painter’s Ode to Love, Loss, and Laughter, is an exploration of the ways art can serve as both sanctuary and vessel for storytelling. Satire is used to criticize vices, and subtle humor is my tool to resonate serious content necessary for authentic self-reflection. I am investigating how to use painting as a means to make deeply intimate and visceral connections. Each canvas exploring the innermost, …
A Theoretical Study Of Molecular Photoionization: Applications To Molecules Of Astrophysical And Atmospheric Interest, Conner Penson
A Theoretical Study Of Molecular Photoionization: Applications To Molecules Of Astrophysical And Atmospheric Interest, Conner Penson
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
This thesis is devoted to the development of the model for total molecular photoionization spectra which is general to diatomic molecules and the application of this model to two benchmark systems, CH and N2, for verification. This model combines multi-channel quantum defect theory, first-principles ab initio molecular calculations, and vibrational frame transformation to accurately model molecular photoionization and electron impact including vibrational dynamics. The scattering data and transition dipole moments for the molecular systems were calculated using R-matrix method through the UKRMol+ codes. A vibrational frame transformation is then performed and multi-channel quantum defect theory is used to calculate closed …
Come And See: Exploring Complex Dynamics And Abjection Through A Southern Gothic Family Portrait, Lenee N. Peterson
Come And See: Exploring Complex Dynamics And Abjection Through A Southern Gothic Family Portrait, Lenee N. Peterson
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
“COME AND SEE: Exploring Abject Theory Through a Southern Gothic Family Portrait” examines the artist’s complex familial upbringing through the visual and narrative traditions of Southern Gothic art. Drawing upon abject theory and the cultural references of folk horror and Southern Gothicism, this thesis positions the family portrait where intimacy, trauma, and cultural inheritance collide. The project argues that direct confrontation with abjection can foster recognition, shared experience, and the possibility of collective healing. Grounded in practice-based research, this work functions as a critical and creative response to familial strain shaped by scarcity, social oppression, and emotional precarity. Through a …
Adaptability And Applications Of Advanced Laser Absorption Diagnostics In High-Pressure Shock Tube Environments, Lucas R. Pitts
Adaptability And Applications Of Advanced Laser Absorption Diagnostics In High-Pressure Shock Tube Environments, Lucas R. Pitts
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Theoretical application and physical implementation of various laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) diagnostics are examined within a high-pressure shock tube facility. Research focuses on the rationale behind the specific optical alignment layouts used across three distinct experimental campaigns, detailing the methodology required to maintain signal integrity in varied reacting flow environments. The first research campaign addresses the pyrolysis of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) solid propellant binders for solid fuel ramjet (SFRJ) applications by measuring the species time histories of alkenes and aromatics. Alignment configurations prioritized beam stability and signal strength for the decoupling of overlapping absorption features to ensure measurements accurately …
Examining Attrition In Rtms For Smoking Cessation: The Roles Of Perceived Research Burden And Delay Discounting, Miranda Proctor
Examining Attrition In Rtms For Smoking Cessation: The Roles Of Perceived Research Burden And Delay Discounting, Miranda Proctor
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
This secondary analysis examined predictors of attrition in a randomized clinical trial conducted by Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center evaluating repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for cigarette smoking cessation. Smoking cessation reduces cancer risk and mortality and improves mental health outcomes. Although rTMS shows promise for supporting sustained abstinence by targeting neurobiological mechanisms underlying nicotine dependence, participant attrition threatens statistical validity, reduces power, and limits generalizability. Identifying predictors of attrition is therefore critical for optimizing trial design and retention.
Research examining predictors of attrition in smoking cessation trials remains limited. Prior work in other clinical populations suggests that higher perceived …
Study Of Compressibility Of Flames In Scramjet Combustors, Anirudh Ranganathan
Study Of Compressibility Of Flames In Scramjet Combustors, Anirudh Ranganathan
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Viable forms of propulsion for practical hypersonic flight are of great interest in modern times, of which supersonic combustion ramjets(scramjets) are a very advantageous option. Compared to ramjets, which are severely limited by increasing total pressure loss and dissociation effects, scramjets offer a much more efficient form of propulsion in the Mach 6 – 8 regime. Despite this, a common and unmitigated issue facing scramjet technology is scramjet unstart.
Prior investigations researching scramjet unstart have elucidated global heat release considerations in relation to total fueling or combustion modes as a result of global heat release . Minimal work has been …
Multibody Acausal Framework For Structural Dynamics Of Offshore Support Structures With Hydroelasticity And Soil-Structure Interaction, Saad Rahman
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Offshore energy systems present significant challenges in support structure design due to their scale and the strong coupling between aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, and structural subsystems. These interactions make traditional sequential modeling approaches inefficient for design exploration. Acausal modeling frameworks address this limitation by enabling direct integration of coupled subsystems without reformulating governing equations, improving computational efficiency while preserving physical fidelity. This supports rapid exploration of large design spaces, accelerates iteration cycles, and shortens the path from concept to deployment.
This thesis develops and validates an acausal multibody elastodynamics model for offshore support structures. The framework includes structural flexibility to capture member-level …
Design And Characterization Of A Jet Nozzle Using Particle Image Velocimetry, Valerie K. Rodriguez
Design And Characterization Of A Jet Nozzle Using Particle Image Velocimetry, Valerie K. Rodriguez
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
This paper presents the design and experimental characterization of the jet exit velocity from a supersonic nozzle injecting into a low-pressure vacuum chamber using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The PIV method is employed to overcome limitations encountered in prior experiments characterizing a jet-in-crossflow, such as qualitative shock visualization and insufficient data on jet exit properties. The previous set of experiments used Classical Schlieren to visualize the flow as well as emission measurement with IR detectors. For the fuel injection cases, particular emphasis is placed on preventing condensation within the injection line and at the nozzle exit due to under expanded …
Monitoring Shifts In Estuarine Microbial Communities: A Dna-Metabarcoding Approach, Ashley M. Reaume
Monitoring Shifts In Estuarine Microbial Communities: A Dna-Metabarcoding Approach, Ashley M. Reaume
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Estuarine microbial communities, including plankton, algae, and bacteria, play important roles in nutrient cycling and food web structure. They are sensitive to changes in abiotic conditions, and shifts in community composition can provide insight into estuarine ecosystem functioning in the face of various physiochemical and anthropogenic stressors. Therefore, monitoring these communities is essential for understanding and maintaining estuarine health. DNA metabarcoding is an emerging technique for enhancing biological monitoring, allowing for the detection of multiple species within a single sample. This dissertation first focuses on how methodological decisions impact DNA metabarcoding results and then implements these optimized methods to perform …
Black Mothers' Experiences Of Birth Trauma: A Conceptual Analysis And Mixed-Methods Study To Advance Perinatal Mental Health Counseling, Lisa Rickman
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
This dissertation study follows the manuscript model and consists of two manuscripts, one conceptual manuscript and one empirical study, both focusing on the experiences of Black mothers following psychologically and physically traumatic childbirth. The conceptual manuscript centers birth trauma within the social, historical, and cultural contexts of perinatal mental health disparities and obstetric racism. This framework guides clinicians in centering Black mothers’ needs utilizing Relational Cultural Theory to promote equitable perinatal mental health practice. The empirical study employs a phenomenological sequential mixed methods approach prioritizing interview data collected from Black mothers who experienced birth trauma. This study also explores their …
Shock Tube Speciation Analysis Of Hydrocarbon Mixtures Relevant To Solid Fuel Combustion, Diego N. Ruiz Pena
Shock Tube Speciation Analysis Of Hydrocarbon Mixtures Relevant To Solid Fuel Combustion, Diego N. Ruiz Pena
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Solid Fuel Ramjets (SFRJs) are often used in tactical applications due to their simplicity, robustness, and reliability. No moving parts, atmospheric oxidizer usage, and scalable fuel grain designs make them a great solution for compact, high-speed air-breathing propulsion systems. SFRJs operate by compressing incoming air through a fixed geometry inlet and directing it over a regressing solid fuel surface, where pyrolysis gases are released and transported downstream to the combustion chamber where thrust is generated. Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is a commonly used fuel binder in SFRJ systems due to its high energy density, stable combustion behavior, and ease of processing. …
A Frequency-Dependent Hydrodynamic Modeling Framework For Offshore Platforms With Optimization-Based Parameter Identification, Md. Rafid-Ul Haque Sakif
A Frequency-Dependent Hydrodynamic Modeling Framework For Offshore Platforms With Optimization-Based Parameter Identification, Md. Rafid-Ul Haque Sakif
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Accurate prediction of hydrodynamic loads on offshore platforms requires drag coefficients that adequately capture their dependence on wave frequency. However, conventional implementations of Morison’s equation generally assume constant drag coefficients across the entire frequency spectrum, which can lead to inaccuracies in predicting platform responses under complex sea-state conditions. To address this limitation, this study proposes a frequency-dependent hydrodynamic modeling framework in which the platform response is decomposed into distinct frequency regions, specifically low-frequency and high-frequency components. Separate drag coefficients are assigned to each region to better represent the underlying flow physics. The decomposition is achieved using filtering techniques in the …
Modeling Hazard Perception Learning In Novice Drivers With Autism: A Multimodal Simulation-Based Study, Erik J. Sand
Modeling Hazard Perception Learning In Novice Drivers With Autism: A Multimodal Simulation-Based Study, Erik J. Sand
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Young drivers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often demonstrate difficulties with road-surveillance behaviors such as scanning ahead, monitoring mirrors, and identifying emerging hazards. These challenges can increase crash risk, particularly for adolescents with limited driving experience. This study explored whether a simple, video-game–based hazard-training program could improve hazard detection performance, visual scanning, and self-regulation in this population. Five participants aged 15–18 years, each identified by a parent as having ASD and possessing either a learner’s permit or no license, completed sequential Baseline, three Treatment, and Withdrawal phases using the SpeedLimit driving simulation. The study employed a single-case experimental design with …
Source Credibility And Chatbots: How Design Factors Impact Chatbot Effectiveness, Kristen M. Schmidt
Source Credibility And Chatbots: How Design Factors Impact Chatbot Effectiveness, Kristen M. Schmidt
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Source credibility theory states that the more credible a source appears to be, the more likely one is to believe both true and untrue information from it. In the modern day, misinformation is considered a major problem, particularly with virtual communication, meaning it is essential to study what factors influence a system’s source credibility. Virtual agents are a particularly relevant subject of study given that their source credibility can be impacted by both technological and social factors. Across three experiments, this dissertation utilized a novel chatbot interaction design to test how varying design factors would impact a chatbot’s source credibility …
Bond Behavior Of Uhpc-Nsc Interfaces For Bridge Deck Repair Under Flexural Loading, Larissa Santiago La Banca
Bond Behavior Of Uhpc-Nsc Interfaces For Bridge Deck Repair Under Flexural Loading, Larissa Santiago La Banca
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
The use of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has increased due to its superior mechanical properties and strong bond with normal-strength concrete (NSC). It is widely used as a repair material, particularly in bridge decks, where maintenance remains a challenge. However, the interface between UHPC and NSC is often the weakest region of the composite system and requires careful evaluation.
This study investigates the bond behavior between UHPC and NSC using different surface preparations, test setups, and UHPC materials. The experimental program included unreinforced beams with vertical interfaces tested under three- and four-point flexural loading, and reinforced slabs with horizontal interfaces …
Tl;Dr (Too Long; Didn't Read): Examining The Assessment And Causes Of Careless Responding Within Experimental Vignette Studies, David L. Sexton Jr.
Tl;Dr (Too Long; Didn't Read): Examining The Assessment And Causes Of Careless Responding Within Experimental Vignette Studies, David L. Sexton Jr.
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Careless responding occurs when participants answer survey items without considering their content and poses a serious threat to data quality. However, while past research has examined its deleterious effects on both survey and low-stakes cognitive ability measures, little research has focused on careless responding in experimental vignette methodology (EVM) research. EVM studies require participants to attend to one or more experimental vignettes, which are carefully crafted written scenarios designed to manipulate a focal variable across conditions. However, if participants are careless in attending to study vignettes, they may not be exposed to the researchers’ intended experimental manipulations, thereby precluding them …
Defect-Guided And Energy-Driven Unfolding With Learning-Based Strategies: From Geometries With Compact Refolding To Garments, Shah Wasif Sazzad
Defect-Guided And Energy-Driven Unfolding With Learning-Based Strategies: From Geometries With Compact Refolding To Garments, Shah Wasif Sazzad
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Unfolding and folding are related geometric and mechanical transformations fundamental to structural applications. Particularly, unfolding curved surfaces is important for deployable structures, garment pattern generation, etc. A central challenge is minimizing geometric distortion between a surface and its unfolded counterpart avoiding overlaps. As regions of lower Gaussian curvature typically produce less distortion during flattening, identifying curvature distribution becomes essential. Topological defects in a particle assembly on a surface in its minimum interaction-energy configuration indicate regions of concentrated curvature. In this work, an unfolding method is proposed that segments the surface using defects' location. Cutlines connecting the defects isolate lower curvature …