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Two-Photon Polarization Dependent Spectroscopy In Chirality: A Novel Experimental-Theoretical Approach To Study Optically Active Systems, Florencio E. Hernández, Antonio Rizzo Jan 2011

Two-Photon Polarization Dependent Spectroscopy In Chirality: A Novel Experimental-Theoretical Approach To Study Optically Active Systems, Florencio E. Hernández, Antonio Rizzo

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Many phenomena, including life itself and its biochemical foundations are fundamentally rooted in chirality. Combinatorial methodologies for catalyst discovery and optimization remain an invaluable tool for gaining access to enantiomerically pure compounds in the development of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and flavors. Some exotic metamaterials exhibiting negative refractive index at optical frequencies are based on chiral structures. Chiroptical activity is commonly quantified in terms of circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD). However, the linear nature of these effects limits their application in the far and near-UV region in highly absorbing and scattering biological systems. In order to surmount this barrier, …

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Stress Balance In Nanopatterned N/Cu(001) Surfaces, S. Hong, T. S. Rahman, E. Z. Ciftlikli, B. J. Hinch Jan 2011

Stress Balance In Nanopatterned N/Cu(001) Surfaces, S. Hong, T. S. Rahman, E. Z. Ciftlikli, B. J. Hinch

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

We employ helium-atom scattering (HAS) and density functional theory (DFT) based on the ultrasoft pseudopotential scheme and the plane-wave basis set to investigate the strain and stress balance in nanopatterned N/Cu(001) surfaces. HAS shows that, with increasing N coverage (and decreasing stripe widths), the stress-relief-driven lateral expansion of the averaged lattice parameter within finite-sized N-containing patches reduces from 3.5% to 1.8% and that, beyond a critical exposure, the lateral expansion of the patches increases again slightly, to 2.4%. The latter implies that in this higher coverage range the compressive stress is partially relieved via another mechanism, which turns out to …

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Front Solutions For Bistable Differential-Difference Equations With Inhomogeneous Diffusion, A. R. Humphries, Brian E. Moore, Erik S. Van Vleck Jan 2011

Front Solutions For Bistable Differential-Difference Equations With Inhomogeneous Diffusion, A. R. Humphries, Brian E. Moore, Erik S. Van Vleck

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

We consider a bistable differential-difference equation with inhomogeneous diffusion. Employing a piecewise linear nonlinearity, often referred to as McKean's caricature of the cubic, we construct front solutions which correspond, in the case of homogeneous diffusion, to monotone traveling front solutions or, in the case of propagation failure, to stationary front solutions. A general form for these fronts is given for essentially arbitrary inhomogeneous discrete diffusion, and conditions are given for the existence of solutions to the original discrete Nagumo equation. The specific case of one defect is considered in depth, giving a complete understanding of propagation failure and a grasp …

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A Facile Nanoparticle Immunoassay For Cancer Biomarker Discovery, Qun Huo, Jimmie Colon, Adam Cordero, Jelena Bogdanovic, Cheryl H. Baker, Steven Goodison, Marianna Y. Pensky Jan 2011

A Facile Nanoparticle Immunoassay For Cancer Biomarker Discovery, Qun Huo, Jimmie Colon, Adam Cordero, Jelena Bogdanovic, Cheryl H. Baker, Steven Goodison, Marianna Y. Pensky

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) scatter light intensely at or near their surface plasmon wavelength region. Using AuNPs coupled with dynamic light scattering (DLS) detection, we developed a facile nanoparticle immunoassay for serum protein biomarker detection and analysis. A serum sample was first mixed with a citrate-protected AuNP solution. Proteins from the serum were adsorbed to the AuNPs to form a protein corona on the nanoparticle surface. An antibody solution was then added to the assay solution to analyze the target proteins of interest that are present in the protein corona. The protein corona formation and the subsequent binding of antibody …

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Schottky Diode Via Dielectrophoretic Assembly Of Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets Between Dissimilar Metal Contacts, Muhammad R. Islam, Daeha Joung, Saiful I. Khondaker Jan 2011

Schottky Diode Via Dielectrophoretic Assembly Of Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets Between Dissimilar Metal Contacts, Muhammad R. Islam, Daeha Joung, Saiful I. Khondaker

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

We demonstrate the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) Schottky diodes via dielectrophoretic (DEP) assembly of RGO between two dissimilar metal contacts. Titanium (Ti) was used to make a Schottky contact, while palladium (Pd) was used to make an Ohmic contact. From the current-voltage characteristics, we obtain rectifying behavior with a rectification ratio of up to 600. The ideality factor was high (4.9), possibly due to the presence of a large number of defects in the RGO sheets. The forward biased turn-on voltage was 1V, whereas the reverse biased breakdown voltage was -3.1 V, which improved further upon mild annealing …

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A Functional Nuclear Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Src And Stat3 Heteromeric Complex In Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Soumya Jaganathan, Peibin Yue, David C. Paladino, Jelena Bogdanovic, Qun Huo, James Turkson Jan 2011

A Functional Nuclear Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Src And Stat3 Heteromeric Complex In Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Soumya Jaganathan, Peibin Yue, David C. Paladino, Jelena Bogdanovic, Qun Huo, James Turkson

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Evidence is presented for the nuclear presence of a functional heteromeric complex of epidermal growth factor (EGFR), Src and the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat) 3 proteins in pancreatic cancer cells. Stat3 remains nuclear and associated with Src or EGFR, respectively, upon the siRNA knockdown of EGFR or Src, demonstrating the resistance of the complex to the modulation of EGFR or Src alone. Significantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses reveal the nuclear EGFR, Src and Stat3 complex is bound to the c-Myc promoter. The siRNA knockdown of EGFR or Src, or the pharmacological inhibition of Stat3 activity only marginally …

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Determination Of An Optimal Dose Of Medetomidine-Ketamine-Buprenorphine For Anaesthesia In The Cape Ground Squirrel (Xerus Inauris), K. E. Joubert, T. Serfontein, M. Scantlebury, M. B. Manjerovic, P. W. Bateman, N. C. Bennett, J. M. Waterman Jan 2011

Determination Of An Optimal Dose Of Medetomidine-Ketamine-Buprenorphine For Anaesthesia In The Cape Ground Squirrel (Xerus Inauris), K. E. Joubert, T. Serfontein, M. Scantlebury, M. B. Manjerovic, P. W. Bateman, N. C. Bennett, J. M. Waterman

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The optimal dose of medetomidine-ketamine-buprenorphine was determined in 25 Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris) undergoing surgical implantation of a temperature logger into the abdominal cavity. At the end of anaesthesia, the squirrels were given atipamezole intramuscularly to reverse the effects of medetomidine. The mean dose of medetomidine was 67.6 +/- 9.4 mu g/kg, keta mine 13.6 +/- 1.9 mg/kg and buprenorphine 0.5 +/- 0.06 mu g/kg. Induction time was 3.1 +/- 1.4 min. This produced surgical anaesthesia for 21 +/- 4.2 min. Atipamezole 232 +/- 92 mu g/kg produced a rapid recovery. Squirrels were sternally recumbent in 3.5 +/- 2.2 …

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Exploring Women's Life Course Experiences With Weight Using Story Theory, Poff Allison Edmonds Jan 2011

Exploring Women's Life Course Experiences With Weight Using Story Theory, Poff Allison Edmonds

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study included women who had gone through the menopausal transition and had experienced obesity, and it focused on their weight histories and experiences across the life course. The goal of this research was to add to the body of knowledge concerning weight gain by applying a novel middle range theory (story theory). Story theory was used to collect and interpret from women’s life course stories the critical themes and patterns of their weight gain. Oral accounts were elicited during personal interviews from a convenience sample of ten women recruited from a weight loss and exercise program in Central …

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A Proposed Methodology For Predicting The Carbon And Nitrogen Stable Isotope Measures Of K'Inich Yax K'Uk Mo', Copan Dynastic Founder, Keith Edwards Jan 2011

A Proposed Methodology For Predicting The Carbon And Nitrogen Stable Isotope Measures Of K'Inich Yax K'Uk Mo', Copan Dynastic Founder, Keith Edwards

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to show that stable isotope analysis can be used to predict K’inich Yax K’uk Mo’s stable isotope measures based on Stuart’s (2007) hypothesis that K’inich Yax K’uk Mo’, the dynastic founder of the Copan royal lineage, was a Caracol lord. There is significant and convincing evidence that K’inich Yak K’uk Mo’ had a non-Copanec origin. Stable isotope analysis is a tested and reliable method for detailing diets and migratory paths of ancient humans and this theory is applied as a predictor of the stable isotope measures of K’inich Yax K’uk Mo’, if he did …

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Rawls's Theory Of Justice A Necessary Extension To Environmentalism, Andrew Greene Jan 2011

Rawls's Theory Of Justice A Necessary Extension To Environmentalism, Andrew Greene

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

John Rawls‟s stated intergenerational justice scheme, known as the just-savings principle, does not include an institutional concern for the environment and is therefore incomplete and incapable of maintaining meaningfully just relations between generations. The theory‟s emphasis on economic theory and capital accumulation demonstrates a misinterpretation of environmental issues and concerns as well as their underlying causes and repercussions. This lapse in Rawls‟s intergenerational scheme exposes flaws in his larger theory of justice by leaving the stability of society in question and placing arbitrary burdens on generations and peoples without institutional recourse. However, by supplementing justice as fairness (JAF) with Rawls‟s …

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An Investigation Of The Effects Of Using Digital Flash Cards To Increase Biology Vocabulary Knowledge In High School Students With Learning Disabilities, Kelly J. Grillo Jan 2011

An Investigation Of The Effects Of Using Digital Flash Cards To Increase Biology Vocabulary Knowledge In High School Students With Learning Disabilities, Kelly J. Grillo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The field of science education, specifically biology, is becoming more challenging due to richer and more rigorous content demands. Along with new demands is the emergence of National Common Core Standards and End of Course Exams. Despite these changes, one factor remains consistent: As content knowledge increases, language demands also increase. For students with learning disabilities (LD), specifically those with language-based disabilities, the increasing vocabulary demand can lead to failure due not to a lack of understanding biology but the vocabulary associated with the content. In an attempt to impact high school students with learning disabilities‘ success in biology, a …

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An Exploratory Quantitative And Qualitative Analysis Of Student Performance In Single-Gender Classrooms In One Florida Elementary Aschool Sic] 2006-2009, Lloyd Haynes Jan 2011

An Exploratory Quantitative And Qualitative Analysis Of Student Performance In Single-Gender Classrooms In One Florida Elementary Aschool Sic] 2006-2009, Lloyd Haynes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of participation in single-gender classrooms on student performance on the reading and mathematics developmental scale scores (DSS) of third, fourth, and fifth grade students on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). The FCAT is a standardized test that is administered to all grade 3 through grade 10 public school students in the state of Florida and has been used to assess students‟ achievement in reading and mathematics. Students in grades 4, 8, and 10 have also been assessed in science and writing. This study was concerned only with FCAT reading …

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The Tyler Perry Effect Examining The Influence Of Black Media Images On The Black Identity, Nicole E. Jackson Jan 2011

The Tyler Perry Effect Examining The Influence Of Black Media Images On The Black Identity, Nicole E. Jackson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the influence of Tyler Perry‟s House of Payne and Meet the Browns on black viewers‟ racial identity, based on a survey of 145 members of four predominantly African American churches in the Central Florida area. Mirroring Allen, Dawson, and Brown‟s (1989) model of an African American racial belief system, this study proposed that both shows would positively influence three dimensions of the black identity including closeness to blacks, black separatism, and the belief in positive stereotypes about blacks, while negatively influencing the dimension that emphasizes negative stereotypes about blacks. Socioeconomic status and religiosity were also hypothesized to …

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Using Geographic Information Systems (Gis) In Spatial Analysis Of Mortuary Practices In The Kellis 2 Cemetery, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, Elsalam, Heba Abd Jan 2011

Using Geographic Information Systems (Gis) In Spatial Analysis Of Mortuary Practices In The Kellis 2 Cemetery, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, Elsalam, Heba Abd

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis focuses on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to examine mortuary practices in the Romano-Byzantine period Kellis 2 cemetery located in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. The first research objective examines the relationship between age, sex and grave substructures of 701 burials in Kellis 2 cemetery. The aim of this research objective was to determine if the presence and style of grave substructures were influenced by sex or age. Although not statistically significant, GIS analysis revealed that most of the graves in the Kellis 2 cemetery have no associated substructures, but of those that did have associated substructures, …

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Innovative Pollutant Load Monitoring, Eric Gurr Jan 2011

Innovative Pollutant Load Monitoring, Eric Gurr

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Modern streamflow measuring equipment, water quality sampling techniques and a better understanding of pollutant washoff are continuously being developed as today's society is in critical need of improving water management, minimizing developmental impacts and preventing environmental hazards. In particular, the study of the spatial, temporal and volumetric characteristics of annual pollutant loading caused by variations in precipitation, land use and other anthropogenic factors is of great significance due to their relation to future global water demands. The research presented here falls in three parts. In the first part of the dissertation, an acoustical Doppler velocity profiler installed in a submerged …

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An Adaptive Modular Redundancy Technique To Self-Regulate Availability, Area, And Energy Consumption In Mission-Critical Applications, Rawad N. Al-Haddad Jan 2011

An Adaptive Modular Redundancy Technique To Self-Regulate Availability, Area, And Energy Consumption In Mission-Critical Applications, Rawad N. Al-Haddad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As reconfigurable devices' capacities and the complexity of applications that use them increase, the need for self-reliance of deployed systems becomes increasingly prominent. A Sustainable Modular Adaptive Redundancy Technique (SMART) composed of a dual-layered organic system is proposed, analyzed, implemented, and experimentally evaluated. SMART relies upon a variety of self-regulating properties to control availability, energy consumption, and area used, in dynamically-changing environments that require high degree of adaptation. The hardware layer is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-4 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to provide self-repair using a novel approach called a Reconfigurable Adaptive Redundancy System (RARS). The software layer supervises …

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Modeling And Characterization Of Acute Stress Under Dynamic Task Conditions, Angel M. Millan Jan 2011

Modeling And Characterization Of Acute Stress Under Dynamic Task Conditions, Angel M. Millan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Stress can be defined as the mental, physical, and emotional response of humans to stressors encountered in their personal or professional environment. Stressors are introduced in various activities, especially those found in dynamic task conditions when multiple task requirements must be performed. Stress and stressors have been described as activators and inhibitors of human performance. The ability to manage high levels of acute stress is an important determinant of successful performance in any occupation. In situations where performance is critical, personnel must be prepared to operate successfully under hostile or extreme stress conditions; therefore training programs and engineered systems must …

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Modeling Human Group Behavior In Virtual Worlds, Fahad Shah Jan 2011

Modeling Human Group Behavior In Virtual Worlds, Fahad Shah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Virtual worlds and massively-multiplayer online games are rich sources of information about large-scale teams and groups, offering the tantalizing possibility of harvesting data about group formation, social networks, and network evolution. They provide new outlets for human social interaction that differ from both face-to-face interactions and non-physically-embodied social networking tools such as Facebook and Twitter. We aim to study group dynamics in these virtual worlds by collecting and analyzing public conversational patterns of users grouped in close physical proximity. To do this, we created a set of tools for monitoring, partitioning, and analyzing unstructured conversations between changing groups of participants …

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Effective Task Transfer Through Indirect Encoding, Phillip Verbancsics Jan 2011

Effective Task Transfer Through Indirect Encoding, Phillip Verbancsics

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An important goal for machine learning is to transfer knowledge between tasks. For example, learning to play RoboCup Keepaway should contribute to learning the full game of RoboCup soccer. Often approaches to task transfer focus on transforming the original representation to fit the new task. Such representational transformations are necessary because the target task often requires new state information that was not included in the original representation. In RoboCup Keepaway, changing from the 3 vs. 2 variant of the task to 4 vs. 3 adds state information for each of the new players. In contrast, this dissertation explores the idea …

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Viability Study Of A Residential Integrated Stormwater, Graywater, And Wastewater Treatment System At Florida's Showcase Green Envirohome, Matthew Allen Goolsby Jan 2011

Viability Study Of A Residential Integrated Stormwater, Graywater, And Wastewater Treatment System At Florida's Showcase Green Envirohome, Matthew Allen Goolsby

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The subject of water scarcity and the rate of water consumption has become popular topics over the last few decades. It is possible that society may consume or contaminate much of the remaining readily available water if there is not a paradigm shift. This deep rooted concern has prompted investigations to identify alternative water use and treatment methods. Within this report, information is presented from the use of innovative water harvesting and on-site sewage treatment and disposal systems (OSTDS) at Florida’s Showcase Green Envirohome (FSGE.net), while also addressing low impact development (LID) practices. FSGE is a residential home that demonstrates …

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Imaging Long-Range Orientational Order In Monolayers Of Amphiphilic Molecules With Scanning Probe Force Microscope And Liquid Crystal Optical Amplification, Wenlang Liang Jan 2011

Imaging Long-Range Orientational Order In Monolayers Of Amphiphilic Molecules With Scanning Probe Force Microscope And Liquid Crystal Optical Amplification, Wenlang Liang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Monolayers of amphiphilic molecules at interface provide a unique system for understanding the thermodynamic and rheological properties of quasi two-dimensional systems. They are also an excellent model accessible for studying cell membranes. The feature of longrange organization of molecular tilt azimuth in monolayers at the air/water interface is one of the most interesting findings over the past two decades, which leads to the formation rich and defined textures. By observing the changes in these textures, the transitions between tilted monolayer phases can be detected. We study the boojum and stripe textures formed in the liquid-condensed phase of pentadecanoic acid (PDA) …

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Data-True Characterization Of Neuronal Models, Jose Suarez Jan 2011

Data-True Characterization Of Neuronal Models, Jose Suarez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, a weighted least squares approach is initially presented to estimate the parameters of an adaptive quadratic neuronal model. By casting the discontinuities in the state variables at the spiking instants as an impulse train driving the system dynamics, the neuronal output is represented as a linearly parameterized model that depends on filtered versions of the input current and the output voltage at the cell membrane. A prediction errorbased weighted least squares method is formulated for the model. This method allows for rapid estimation of model parameters under a persistently exciting input current injection. Simulation results show the …

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Models To Estimate Arrival Counts And Staffing Requirements In Nonstationary Queueing Systems Applied To Long Distance Road Races, Lindon P. Fairweather Jan 2011

Models To Estimate Arrival Counts And Staffing Requirements In Nonstationary Queueing Systems Applied To Long Distance Road Races, Lindon P. Fairweather

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

We examine the problem of staffing refreshment stations at a long distance road race. A race is modeled as a mixed queueing network in which the required number of servers at each service station has to be estimated. Two models to represent the progress of runners along a long distance road race course are developed. One model is a single-class model that allows a road race manager to staff service stations assuming the runners are identical to those in some historical dataset. Another model is a multi-class simulation model that allows a road race manager to simulate a race of …

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Field Implementation Of Polyacrylamide For Runoff From Construction Sites, Rafiqul Islam Chowdhury Jan 2011

Field Implementation Of Polyacrylamide For Runoff From Construction Sites, Rafiqul Islam Chowdhury

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is often used a part of a treatment train for the treatment of stormwater to reduce its turbidity. This study investigated the application of PAM within various treatment systems for a construction site environment. The general concept is to introduce hydraulic principles when placing PAM blocks within an open channel in order to yield high mixing energies leading to high turbidity removal efficiency. The first part of the study observed energy variation using a hydraulic flume for three dissimilar configurations. The flume was ultimately used to determine which configuration would be most beneficial when transposed into field-scale conditions. …

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Effect Of Acetic Or Citric Acid Ultrafiltration Recycle Streams On Coagulation Processes, Christopher C. Boyd Jan 2011

Effect Of Acetic Or Citric Acid Ultrafiltration Recycle Streams On Coagulation Processes, Christopher C. Boyd

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Integrating ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in lieu of traditional media filters within conventional surface water coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation processes is growing in popularity. UF systems are able to produce low turbidity filtered water that meets newer drinking water standards. For typical drinking water applications, UF membranes require periodic chemically enhanced backwashes (CEBs) to maintain production; and citric acid is a common chemical used for this purpose. Problems may arise when the backwash recycle stream from a citric acid CEB is blended with raw water entering the coagulation basin, a common practice for conventional surface water plants. Citric acid is a chelating agent capable …

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Optimal Detour Planning Around Blocked Construction Zones, Mutasem Jardaneh Jan 2011

Optimal Detour Planning Around Blocked Construction Zones, Mutasem Jardaneh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Construction zones are traffic way areas where construction, maintenance or utility work is identified by warning signs, signals and indicators, including those on transport devices that mark the beginning and end of construction zones. Construction zones are among the most dangerous work areas, with workers facing workplace safety challenges that often lead to catastrophic injuries or fatalities. In addition, daily commuters are also impacted by construction zone detours that affect their safety and daily commute time. These problems represent major challenges to construction planners as they are required to plan vehicle routes around construction zones in such a way that …

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Incremental Lifecycle Validation Of Knowledge-Based Systems Through Commonkads, Feras Batarseh Jan 2011

Incremental Lifecycle Validation Of Knowledge-Based Systems Through Commonkads, Feras Batarseh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation introduces a novel validation method for knowledge-based systems (KBS). Validation is an essential phase in the development lifecycle of knowledge-based systems. Validation ensures that the system is valid, reliable and that it reflects the knowledge of the expert and meets the specifications. Although many validation methods have been introduced for knowledge-based systems, there is still a need for an incremental validation method based on a lifecycle model. Lifecycle models provide a general framework for the developer and a mapping technique from the system into the validation process. They support reusability, modularity and offer guidelines for knowledge engineers to …

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Analysis Of The Relationship Between The Level Of Educational Computer Game Use And Milken Exemplar Teacher Instructional Strategies, Yaela Dahan Marks Jan 2011

Analysis Of The Relationship Between The Level Of Educational Computer Game Use And Milken Exemplar Teacher Instructional Strategies, Yaela Dahan Marks

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research examines the nature and level of educational computer-based game techniques adoption by Milken Educator Award winning teachers in achieving success in their classrooms. The focus of the research is on their level of acceptance of educational computer-based games and the nature of game usage to increase student performance in the classroom. With Davis' (1985) Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1985) as the conceptual framework, the research also examines how teachers' perceptions of educational computer-based games influence their willingness to incorporate these teaching methods in their classroom. The approach utilizes a descriptive survey to develop and evaluate responses from exemplar …

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University Of Central Florida Libraries, Annual Report 2010-2011, Ucf Libraries Jan 2011

University Of Central Florida Libraries, Annual Report 2010-2011, Ucf Libraries

Libraries' Documents

No abstract provided.

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The Seaside Resort Towns Of Cape May And Atlantic City, New Jersey Development, Class Consciousness, And The Culture Of Leisure In The Mid To Late Victorian Era, Tatyana Ressetar Jan 2011

The Seaside Resort Towns Of Cape May And Atlantic City, New Jersey Development, Class Consciousness, And The Culture Of Leisure In The Mid To Late Victorian Era, Tatyana Ressetar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

"Victorianism" is a highly controversial, sometimes ironic, term penned by historians throughout various works that has come to hold dramatic weight in both its meaning and its influence. Though the term is usually most closely associated with nineteenth century England, Victorianism was a highly influential movement in American culture simultaneously as well, specifically in the spheres of home, work, and play. Of those, "play," or leisure, is undoubtedly the least explored, especially before the latter decades of the twentieth century. Prior to this period, most literature about the Victorians, with the exception of a few works, only dealt with masculinity, …

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