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Heroes In A Vacuum: The Apollo Astronaut As Cultural Icon, Roger D. Launius Apr 2022

Heroes In A Vacuum: The Apollo Astronaut As Cultural Icon, Roger D. Launius

Florida Historical Quarterly

No one could have predicted the public fascination with astronauts from the first unveiling of the Mercury Seven in 1959 through Project Apollo until the present. The astronaut as celebrity and what that has meant in American life never dawned on anyone beforehand. To the surprise and ultimately consternation of some NASA leaders, they immediately became national heroes and the leading symbols of the fledgling space program.1 Even so, both NASA and the press contrived to present the astronauts as embodiments of the leading virtues of American culture and this has continued from the 1950s to the new millennium. Both …


The Gendered Anniversary: The Story Of America's Women Astronauts, Amy Foster Apr 2022

The Gendered Anniversary: The Story Of America's Women Astronauts, Amy Foster

Florida Historical Quarterly

As this special issue of the Florida Historical Quarterly has generously acknowledged, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is celebrating its fiftieth anniversary. As important as that anniversary is to the people of Florida, 2008 marks an equally significant anniversary of the space age. June 18, 2008, was the 25" anniversary of the launch of STS-7, Challenger's second flight, and the first flight of Dr. Sally K. Ride. As many Americans will recognize the name, Sally Ride was the first American woman to fly in space.


Nasa In Florida: A Journalist's View, Pat Duggins Apr 2022

Nasa In Florida: A Journalist's View, Pat Duggins

Florida Historical Quarterly

Apollo and Walt Disney. Those were two of the names making newspaper headlines when my family and I arrived in Florida in 1971. My father was an Air Force Chief Master Sergeant, and his last tour of duty would be at Patrick Air Force Base in Brevard County. The primary rocket launch site for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA), and Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom theme park made indelible impacts on Central Florida. It is also interesting to note how both projects almost by-passed Florida in favor of other locations.


End Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Memorium; Florida Southern College's Center for Florida History Presents Florida Lecture Series (2008-2009); Guidelines for Submission to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Florida Classroom: Designing History: An Interactive Exploration Of The 1930s Florida Ship Canal, Chris Beckmann Apr 2022

Florida Classroom: Designing History: An Interactive Exploration Of The 1930s Florida Ship Canal, Chris Beckmann

Florida Historical Quarterly

Typically the study of Florida history in the state's schools begins and ends in the fourth grade. Students learn that St. Augustine predates Jamestown, the Seminole Wars were the deadliest and costliest Indian conflicts in American history, Olustee was the only major Civil War battle fought on Florida soil, and 1920's Miami was the center of the first Florida land boom. Unfortunately most high school curricula do not build upon that base and place little emphasis upon the important place of Florida history within the larger national historical narrative. Discussions of race often ignore Rosewood and the significance of Harry …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Lipscomb, ed. The Letters of Pierce Butler, 1790-1794: Nation Building and Enterprise in the New American Republic. by Rusty Bouseman; Buker. The Metal Life Car: The Inventor, the Impostor, and the Business of Lifesaving. by John Missall; Winsboro. Florida's Civil War: Explorations into Conflict, Interpretations and Memory. by Daniel R. Lewis; Snay. Fenians, Freedmen, and Southern Whites: Race and Nationality in the Era of Reconstruction. by David T. Gleeson; Crawford, Jr. Florida Big Dig: The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway from Jacksonville to Miami, 1881-1935. by Steven Noll; Warren. If It Takes All Summer: Martin Luther King, the KKK and States' Rights …


Doing The Job: The 1964 Desgregation Of The Florida Army National Guard, Thomas P. Honsa Apr 2022

Doing The Job: The 1964 Desgregation Of The Florida Army National Guard, Thomas P. Honsa

Florida Historical Quarterly

The American civil rights movement usually brings to mind cities such as Montgomery, Birmingham, Memphis and Washington, D.C. In Florida, however, one of the most significant events of the civil rights era occurred without fanfare in the small, west coast town of Palmetto. It was here in 1964 that the color barrier was broken in one of the state's largest whites-only organizations, The Florida Army National Guard. For the first time in post-colonial history, African-Americans were enlisted into the state's military. Prior to American control, African Americans did play a military role in Florida. State guard officials claim that the …


The Pioneer African American Jurist Who Almost Became A Bishop: Florida's Judge James Dean 1858-1914, Canter Brown, Jr. Apr 2022

The Pioneer African American Jurist Who Almost Became A Bishop: Florida's Judge James Dean 1858-1914, Canter Brown, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

For a brief time the life and legacy of pioneering African American and Republican jurist James Dean returned to focus for Floridians in 2002 when Governor Jeb Bush posthumously reinstated the judge to the bench one hundred thirteen years after Governor Francis P. Fleming had removed him from his Monroe County office. Dean's reputation for integrity and probity found itself refurbished, although published accounts provided only sparse details to shed light on the years prior to Dean's election, on his legal or African Methodist Episcopal (AME) ministerial careers after the controversy, and, for that matter, on the circumstances of the …


The Cross-Florida Canal And The Politics Of Interest-Group Democracy Caherine Prescott Lecture, 2008, Wayne Flynt Apr 2022

The Cross-Florida Canal And The Politics Of Interest-Group Democracy Caherine Prescott Lecture, 2008, Wayne Flynt

Florida Historical Quarterly

Polluted water. Hurricanes. Shipwrecks. Drowning sailors. Land developers. Cheap transportation. U.S. presidents willing to invest federal funds in order to court Florida voters. Presidential advisors who attempt to clear the minefields of conflicting local interests in order to implement presidential policy. Public expectation that powerful congressional leaders will bring home the bacon. The ever escalating tension between economic developers/civic boosters on one hand and environmentalists on the other. Typical Florida boondoggles and screwups. If the cast of characters and issues sounds familiar, it is because few patterns of human conduct are entirely new, nor are our current debates entirely foreign …


End Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The History Program at Florida Gulf Coast University Announces its New M.A. Degree; West Nassau Historical Society Begins Plans for 3rd Annual Railroad Days Festival; Tequesta: The Journal of the Historical Association of Southern Florida, Volume LSVII (2007); Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Patriotism Derailed: John Milton, David Yulee, And The Florida Railroad In 1863, Sean Patrick Adams Apr 2022

Patriotism Derailed: John Milton, David Yulee, And The Florida Railroad In 1863, Sean Patrick Adams

Florida Historical Quarterly

The summer of 1863 was a portentous time for the Confederate States of America. In May, Union General Ulysses S. Grant bottled up the last remaining Confederate redoubt along the Mississippi at Vicksburg. That same month saw the stunning victory at Chancellorsville for the Army of Northern Virginia, although tempered by the death of charismatic general Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. By June, the Confederacy gambled that the Army of Northern Virginia's invasion of Pennsylvania would provoke a climactic battle that could secure victory and independence. Meanwhile, in the relatively calm surroundings of the Florida theatre, another kind of storm was brewing …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Matthews. Caribbean Slave Revolts and the British Abolitionist Movement by Ryan D. Groves; Mulroy. The Seminole Freedmen, A History by Daniel S. Murphree; Latimer. 1812 War with America by James Cusick; Cimbala and Shaw, editors. Making A New South: Race, Leadership, and Community after the Civil War by Robert A. Taylor; Sheehan-Dean. Why Confederates Fought: Family and Nation in Civil War Virginia by John Sacher; Savitt. Race and Medicine in Nineteenth-and Early-Twentieth Century America by John David Smith; Ayala and Bernabe. Puerto Rico in the American Century: A History Since 1898 by Guadalupe Garcia; Spencer. A History of Gambling in …


In The Aftermath Of The Battle Of Olustee: A Beecher's Surprise Visit To Florida, Sarah Whitmer Foster Apr 2022

In The Aftermath Of The Battle Of Olustee: A Beecher's Surprise Visit To Florida, Sarah Whitmer Foster

Florida Historical Quarterly

Isabella Beecher Hooker spent March 12-14, 1864, visiting senior army officers in Jacksonville. The timing was auspicious, given that her visit came just weeks after the only significant Civil War battle in Florida. The Federal defeat at Olustee had occurred on February 20. Moreover, she had access to regimental and brigade commanders through her brother, James C. Beecher, and her Hartford friend and neighbor, Joseph R. Hawley.1 At the end of her visit Isabella wrote to her husband offering observations about the battle and the Federal officer who led Northern troops in this engagement. The source of her information about …


Workers Of The Sunshine State Unite!: The Florida Socialist Party During The Progressive Era, 1900-1920, R. Steven Griffin Apr 2022

Workers Of The Sunshine State Unite!: The Florida Socialist Party During The Progressive Era, 1900-1920, R. Steven Griffin

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida, whether under Democratic or Republican political control, has always appeared to most outside observers as a haven for political conservatism. Outward appearances, however, often prove to be quite deceptive. Florida politics during the Progressive Era may be such a case. In 1912, the Socialist presidential candidate, Eugene Debs, garnered more votes in Florida than Theodore Roosevelt or William Howard Taft, and Florida was the only state of the former Confederacy where this minor party finished as high as second place in the total vote. A canvass of Progressive Era voting results reveals the steady growth of Socialist electoral strength …


The Nut With A A Huey Long Outlook Versus The Goblins Of Fear And Distortion: Reubin Askew And The Campaign To Establish The Florida Corporate Profits Tax, Gordon E. Harvey Apr 2022

The Nut With A A Huey Long Outlook Versus The Goblins Of Fear And Distortion: Reubin Askew And The Campaign To Establish The Florida Corporate Profits Tax, Gordon E. Harvey

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the dawning of the 1970s, the South stood on the verge of a remarkable period of economic and political growth that earned the region the nickname, "Sunbelt South." Whether named for the constant dosage of sunshine the region received as compared with the "snowbelt" of the Midwest and New England, or for the optimism exuded by a region that had hopefully put the tumultuous 1960s behind it, the South stood on the precipice of a new, more progressive future. In the midst of a transformation from their solidly segregationist past to that of a new optimistic, hopeful South reminiscent …


Leaning On The Everlasting Arms: Virgil Darnell Hawkins's Early Life And Entry Into The Civil Rights Struggle, Larry O. Rivers Apr 2022

Leaning On The Everlasting Arms: Virgil Darnell Hawkins's Early Life And Entry Into The Civil Rights Struggle, Larry O. Rivers

Florida Historical Quarterly

By 1987, Florida civil rights hero Virgil Hawkins's earthly journey neared its end. At 80 years of age, the sunset of his life had given him many signs that relief and rest lay just on the horizon: grayer hair, slower reflexes, sharper aches, and ailing health. But still, even in these waning years, peace eluded him. The painful, ongoing irony and contradiction in his life appeared as clear as the black-haired, white female newspaper reporter sitting in his living room, carefully scratching out notes as he shared a story that he had repeated so many times.1


End Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Call for Papers, Annual Meeting, Florida Historical Society, May 24-26, 2008; Herman and Celia Chapin Award; Committee Appointments for the 2008 Annual Meeting Florida Historical Society; Call for Papers, Florida Conference of Historians 47th Annual Meeting February 28-March 1, 2008; Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Stamp; Orange County Regional History Center; Wolfsonian-FIU Fellowship Program; Guidelines for Submissions to the Florida Historical Quarterly


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Murphree, Constructing Floridians: Natives and Europeans in the Colonial Flordas, 1513-1783 by J. Michael Francis; Perez, Jr., To Die in Cuba: Suicide and Society by Christina D. Abreu; Hiller, Highway A1A: Florida at the Edge by Keith A. Sculle; Noll and Blumhofer, editors, Sing Them Ouer Again To Me: Hymns and Hymnbooks in America by Daniel S. Pierce; Koszulinski, director, Cracker Crazy: Invisible Histories of the Sunshine State by Robert Cassanello; Braddock, Down in Orburndale: A Songwriter's Youth in Old Florida by Kristine M. McCusker; Butler, Women in the Church of God in Christ: Making a Sanctified World by Edward …


Why Was Antebellum Florida Murderous? A Quantitative Analysis Of Homicide In Florida, 1821-1861, James M. Denham Apr 2022

Why Was Antebellum Florida Murderous? A Quantitative Analysis Of Homicide In Florida, 1821-1861, James M. Denham

Florida Historical Quarterly

Before the Civil War, Florida was one of the most murderous places in the United States. Its homicide rate was rivaled only by Texas and California.1 When it came to murders of or by blacks, Florida was typical for a slave state. But its white citizens killed each other at an extraordinary rate-usually three or four times the rate in most other slave states and eight to ten times the prevailing rate during the Second Seminole War, 1835-42, and the secession crisis, 1858-61.


Camp Roosevelt: A Case Study Of The Nya In Florida, Dave Nelson Apr 2022

Camp Roosevelt: A Case Study Of The Nya In Florida, Dave Nelson

Florida Historical Quarterly

In April 1940, Life magazine's cover story on "Government and Youth" updated an article the magazine had published on the youth problem in 1936. The cover featured a photograph of Mabel Sealey, an enrollee at Camp Roosevelt, a National Youth Administration (NYA) resident project in Ocala, Florida. The accompanying article, presented the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) as boys' work relief, while the NYA provided relief for girls.1 In the gendered language of the narrative and the photographic images, the masculine CCC project accomplished important work such as fire fighting and tree planting, while teaching its enrollees military discipline and job …


The Cuban Convention And Its Role In The Cuban Revolutionary Party, Consuelo E. Stebbins Apr 2022

The Cuban Convention And Its Role In The Cuban Revolutionary Party, Consuelo E. Stebbins

Florida Historical Quarterly

In June 1892, Luis Lagomasino, an agent of a secret organization known only to its members as the Cuban Convention was summoned to Key West to provide an update on the preparations underway in Cuba for the revolution. Lagomasino, the Convention's agent in the eastern province of Las Villas, arrived in Key West on June 22, 1892, where he was affectionately received by Jose Dolores (J. D.) Poyo and General Serafin Sanchez, who introduced him to the wealthy industrialist, Eduardo H. Gato, and the veteran insurgent leader, Fernando Figueredo Soccards. On the night of June 24, 1892, Lagomasino met with …


End Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

End Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Position: Executive Director; St. Augustine Historical Society; Florida Southern College's Center for Florida History Presents Florida Lectures Series (2007-2008)


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Hann, The Native American World Beyond Apalachee: West Florida and the Chattahoochee Valley by Evan Peacock; Nelson, Pharsalia: An Environmental Biography of a Southern Plantation, 1780-1880 by Robert E. Krause; Smoot, The Edisons of Fort Myers: Discoveries of the Heart by Kelly Enright; Kleinberg, Black Cloud: The Great Hurricane of 1928 by Donald Willett; Ogle, Key West: History of an Island of Dreams by Tana Mosier Porter; Dyckman, Floridian of His Century: The Courage of Governor LeRoy Collins by Walter W. Manley II; Marshall, The Tumultuous Sixties: Campus Unrest and Student Life at a Southern University by Benjamin D. Brotemarkle; …


The Struggle For Minority Representation In Florida, 1960-1990, Peyton Mccrary Apr 2022

The Struggle For Minority Representation In Florida, 1960-1990, Peyton Mccrary

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1960 African Americans in the South were substantially disfranchised by racially discriminatory registration procedures. A little over a third of the black voting age population was registered, and whites were registered at more than twice that rate.1 Not surprisingly, state legislatures in the region were all white, although a few local governments had elected a black person to public office from time to time in the years since World War II -- usually from single-member districts in the black part of town.2 By 1990 this portrait of inequality had been transformed beyond recognition. Formal barriers to registration and voting …


More Negotiation And Less Demonstrations: The Naacp, Sclc, And Racial Conflict In Pensacola, 1970-1978, J. Michael Butler Apr 2022

More Negotiation And Less Demonstrations: The Naacp, Sclc, And Racial Conflict In Pensacola, 1970-1978, J. Michael Butler

Florida Historical Quarterly

The civil rights movement is a topic that continues to inspire a tremendous amount of scholarly research. One topic that remains relatively unexplored, though, is the post-1960s struggle for black equality. Traditional narratives typically use the 1968 assassination of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as their symbolic conclusion. Yet the fight against racial injustice continued beyond King's death, and the next decade brought new issues for civil rights activists. One of the most fascinating concerns the role traditional organizations, particularIy the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), played in …


The "Jewel" Of The South?: Miami, Florida, And The Naacp's Struggle For Civil Rights In America's Vacation Paradise, Chanelle Rose Apr 2022

The "Jewel" Of The South?: Miami, Florida, And The Naacp's Struggle For Civil Rights In America's Vacation Paradise, Chanelle Rose

Florida Historical Quarterly

The most recent studies on civil rights activism in Florida demystify popular notions of the ostensibly atypical southern state as an aberration from the Deep South.1 However, V.O. Key's 1949 characterization of the "tremendous gap in tempo epitomized in the contrast between a sleepy, rural Old South county of northern Florida and the bustling city of Miami" exemplified the widening gap between the intrastate regions in the era following the Second World War. As Miami Herald reporter Philip Meyer noted, "neither northern nor typically southern, Miami is a kind of sociological time capsule suspended between two worlds."2 Such characterizations as …


Forward, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Forward, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The four articles in this issue of the Quarterly provide a sixty-year perspective on race and civil rights in Florida. Each of the articles is firmly grounded in local events and personalities, but each successfully places community and state history within national and regional perspectives and raises new questions for future scholarship. Joshua Youngblood's analysis of the lynching of Claude Neal begins with one of the most brutal examples of public murder in Florida and southern history. Youngblood connects the event with depression-era civil rights activities and leftist efforts to effect economic justice, and uses Howard Kester's investigation of the …


Haven't Quite Shaken The Horror: Howard Kester, The Lynching Of Claude Neal, And Social Activism In The South During The 1930s, Joshua Youngblood Apr 2022

Haven't Quite Shaken The Horror: Howard Kester, The Lynching Of Claude Neal, And Social Activism In The South During The 1930s, Joshua Youngblood

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the night of October 26, 1934, outside the small town of Greenwood, Florida, Claude Neal was lynched. The twenty-three-year-old African-American farm-wage laborer was accused of the murder of Lola Cannidy, a twenty-year-old white woman Neal had known nearly his entire life. The lynching of Claude Neal sparked a furor among liberal activists around the nation and provided an opportunity for a radical critique of the South. Socialist Howard Kester conducted the most significant contemporary investigation of the lynching. An outspoken opponent of segregation, Kester vigorously supported the economically depressed and exploited throughout the South, from striking coal miners to …


Index, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Index, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Index to Volume 85


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Frank, Creeks and Southerners: Biculturalism on the Early American Frontier by John T. Elisor; Berry, Beasley, and Clements, eds., The Forgotten Expidition, 1804-1805: The Louisiana Purchase Journals of Dunbar and Hunter by Joe Knetsch; Monaco, Moses Levy of Florida, Jewish Utopian and Antebellum Reformer by Paul S. George; Lightner, Slavery and the Commerce Power: How the Struggle Against the Interstate Slave Trade Led to the Civil War by John Sacher; Sanders, Jr., While in the Hands of the Enemy: Military Prisons of the Civil War by Faiqa Khan; Grant, Rails Through the Wiregrass: A History of the Georgia & Florida …