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Letters Of A Carpetbagger In Florida, 1866-1869, George E. Osborn Apr 2021

Letters Of A Carpetbagger In Florida, 1866-1869, George E. Osborn

Florida Historical Quarterly

These letters, written by Daniel Richards to Elihu B. Washburne, throw considerable light on the hectic days of Reconstruction in Florida. Not only do these friendly messages reveal much of what the author actually witnessed of the United States military occupation in the peninsula state but a number of referenes are made to the chaotic economic conditions which existed generally at that time. Although Florida had fewer Negroes in proportion to population than some of the former Confederate states, the problem of relations between the races was one with great complexities. At least some of the obstacles to the establishment …

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Autobiography Of William Marvin, Kevin E. Kearney Apr 2021

Autobiography Of William Marvin, Kevin E. Kearney

Florida Historical Quarterly

Sixty-five years ago, a venerable man in Skaneateles, New York, set himself to the task of recording the events of his life. What William Marvin wrote between the pages of a lined composition notebook was more than an autobiography. It was a chapter in American history. What is even more significant is that much of what Marvin recounted pertained to the history of Florida during the critical years 1835-1866, a period which found the nation challenged with the issues of union, disunion, and reunion. The story which follows, then, is the story of a man who served Florida during the …

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The Civil War Letters Of August Henry Mathers, Franklin A. Doty Apr 2021

The Civil War Letters Of August Henry Mathers, Franklin A. Doty

Florida Historical Quarterly

The writer of the letters which follow was born in Monticello, Florida, on April 25, 1825, the son of William Henry Mathers, Jr., and Elizabeth Clarke Mathers. The details of his early education are not known. He was married on October 28, 1848, to Mary Ann Cooper, daughter of Dr. James A. Cooper, originally of Farmington, Georgia, and Elizabeth White Cooper. The young couple lived a while in Madison, Florida, before removing to Micanopy where Mathers, together with his father-m-law, opened a drug store in 1853, known in later years as the “Old Reliable Micanopy Drug Store.”

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Florida's Overseas Railroad, David L. Willing Apr 2021

Florida's Overseas Railroad, David L. Willing

Florida Historical Quarterly

Soon after leaving the village of Florida City, the midtwentieth century auto traveler driving to the Florida Keys rounds a curve and comes on to the roadbed of the Overseas Highway. If he looks quickly, the driver may see mile post 397 of the Florida East Coast Railway, a few rods west of the highway. This lonely sentinel of the Everglades sawgrass, standing literally “at the end of the line,” marks the beginning of what was the Overseas Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway - a marvelous work of construction which ranks among the wonders of the world as …

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The 1913 Campaign For Child Labor In Florida, Emily Howard Atkins Apr 2021

The 1913 Campaign For Child Labor In Florida, Emily Howard Atkins

Florida Historical Quarterly

So minutely prepared and well conducted was the campaign for a child labor law for Florida in 1913 that the advocates were surprised when the proposed bill was challenged by a solitary newspaper, The Florida Times Union. According to an official of the National Child Labor Committee, this strong objection on the part of the Jacksonville, Florida newspaper would have wrecked the legislation had it not been for the astute thinking on the part of the authors of the bill when the opposition first appeared.

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Florida In 1855, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. Apr 2021

Florida In 1855, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

One hundred years ago when the Florida Historical Society was founded at St. Augustine the members of that organization lived in a region and a society which was vastly different from that which is known to millions of twentieth century Americans as “Florida.” In those ancient days tourists were a rarity and resort hotels south of St. Augustine were even rarer. The cities were mere hamlets by present-day standards and almost all of the population was concentrated in the extreme northern part of the state. Industry was virtually non-existent and the mass of men were farmers. Negroes were held in …

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St. Paul’S Church In Quincy, Florida, During The Territorial Period, Edward B. Gearhart Apr 2021

St. Paul’S Church In Quincy, Florida, During The Territorial Period, Edward B. Gearhart

Florida Historical Quarterly

The development and the growth of the Episcopal Church in Quincy, Florida, and in all Florida, has been best related through the stories of the church leaders whether they were the parish rectors or, in all too few cases, able laymen. For a clear understanding of the life of St. Paul’s Church in Quincy during territorial Florida, three periods must be kept in mind. First, there was the long period of development into a congregation; second, there was the founding of the church and its growth under a rector in residence; last, and most important, were the situations that affected, …

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The First Fort Of San Marcos De Apalache, Lucy L. Wenhold Apr 2021

The First Fort Of San Marcos De Apalache, Lucy L. Wenhold

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the Gulf coast of southcentral Florida, where the St. Marks River flowing from further upstate meets the longer, shallower, eastward flowing Wakulla, the union of their waters forms a wide, deep, river-mouth harbor for any sea-going vessels that can pass the bar six miles further down at the entrance to the bay of Apalache. Where the two rivers come together there is a narrow headland that rises above the height of the tide and thrusts as it were a pointing finger toward the open sea. Today it is only a part of the harbor’s shoreline, grown up with tall …

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Florida Seen Through The Eyes Of Nineteenth Century Travellers, Benjamin F. Rogers Apr 2021

Florida Seen Through The Eyes Of Nineteenth Century Travellers, Benjamin F. Rogers

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the first half of the nineteenth century, there were published both in this country and abroad a great number of books written by travellers in all parts of the United States, and especially in the South. As one Southern author observed in 1860: “The fashion has been for several years . . . to write books about the South. Englishmen, Frenchmen, Down-Eastern men, the Bloomer style of men, as well as countless numbers of female scribblers, have not ceased to drum upon the public tympanum (almost to deafness, indeed) in praise or blame - generally the latter - of …

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Andrew Jackson’S Cronies In Florida Territorial Politics, Herbert J. Doherty Jr. Apr 2021

Andrew Jackson’S Cronies In Florida Territorial Politics, Herbert J. Doherty Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Pensacola, an ancient Spanish village but then the boomtown capital of West Florida, the fifth day of October, 1821, was greeted with an unusual air of excitement. Along Palafox and Zaragoza streets, named long since for the Spanish hero General Palafox because of his heroic defense of Zaragoza, curious townsfolk gathered in gossiping knots around the Government House and public market, both fronting on Plaza Ferdinand VII. In Austin’s Tavern, the servants clearing away the remains of the great farewell party of the previous night, must have furtively gathered around the windows and peered expectantly into the street. Each …

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The Disappearance Of The Head Of Osceola, May Mcneer Ward Apr 2021

The Disappearance Of The Head Of Osceola, May Mcneer Ward

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the last few years interest in Osceola has been increased by the controversy between Florida and South Carolina over the grave of the famous Seminole chief. South Carolina has the headless bones of Osceola, buried on Sullivan’s Island in Charleston harbor, where he died in Fort Moultrie, and Floridians think that the grave should be in Florida where he lived, and refused to leave voluntarily.

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A Trip To Florida, 1867: Three Letters Of Mary R. Birchard, Mary R. Birchard Apr 2021

A Trip To Florida, 1867: Three Letters Of Mary R. Birchard, Mary R. Birchard

Florida Historical Quarterly

Mary Roxana Birchard, daughter of Austin Birchard, of Fayetteville, now Newfane, Vermont, was a first cousin of Rutherford Birchard Hayes who on March 4, 1877 became the nineteenth President of the United States. When Mary Birchard visited Florida during February and March, 1867, her cousin Rutherford was a Representative from Cincinnati, Ohio, in the Fortieth Congress of the United States.

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The Case Of Some Inhabitants Of East Florida, 1767-1785, Barbara Gorely Teller Apr 2021

The Case Of Some Inhabitants Of East Florida, 1767-1785, Barbara Gorely Teller

Florida Historical Quarterly

In London, in the spring of 1823, a young clerk named Daniel, in the House of Delcroix, Perfumers, received word that Mrs. Isabella Stout, widow of Daniel Stout of Nassau in the Bahamas, had been searching the length and breadth of England for him, as he was heir to part of the estate left by his aunt, Mary Rolph Stout of Nassau. The Colonial Secretary for the Bahamas, Mr. Samuel Nesbit, had also been searching, and about the same time located young Daniel and other members of his mother’s family, the Rolphs of Canterbury, who empowered Nesbit to receive their …

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The Governorship Of Andrew Jackson, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. Apr 2021

The Governorship Of Andrew Jackson, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

It was a stifling hot day in July of 1821 but the inhabitants of Pensacola, Florida, and hundreds of recently arrived newcomers were all jammed into the town’s central plaza. This was to be an important day in the lives of the people of Florida, for at ten o’clock in the morning the gaunt gray figure of Andrew Jackson would stalk from the governor’s residence and cross the plaza to the government house where the ceremonies marking the transfer of the Floridas from Spain to the United States would be completed. As he sat in the governor’s residence eating breakfast …

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Plantation Economy In Leon County 1830-1840, Julia Hering Apr 2021

Plantation Economy In Leon County 1830-1840, Julia Hering

Florida Historical Quarterly

The area of cotton culture in Florida during the ante-bellum period was located mainly between the Apalachicola and Suwannee rivers, and in 1840 comprised the counties of Leon, Madison, Jefferson, Hamilton and Gadsden. It is significant that this area constituted then more or less an island in northern Florida whose economy, social structure, and soil type differed from that in the remainder of the state. In this comparatively small and isolated region there came into being, between 1830 and 1840, a cotton economy which compared favorably with that of the Georgia Piedmont or the Black Belt of Alabama. The emphasis …

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Notes From The Annual Meeting Of The Southern Historical Association, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Notes From The Annual Meeting Of The Southern Historical Association, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Annual Meeting of the Southern Historical Association, held for the first time in Florida, at Jacksonville on November 12, 13, 14, was attended by several hundred historians and others interested from all parts of the South. An account of the plans made for the event and the several Florida host groups and committees appeared in the last issue of this Quarterly - especially noted was the Florida session with papers by Florida historical writers.

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Pensacola In 1810, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Pensacola In 1810, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In his research for a doctoral dissertation on “The Federal Government’s Factory System, 1796-1822,” Rev. Aloysius Plaisance, O.S.B. read numerous newspaper files of that period and came upon several descriptions of Pensacola in that era which he has sent us for publication. All are interesting and will be published here in time. Little is known, first-hand, of the Pensacola of 1810, so this account from the St. Louis Louisiana Gazette of September 27, 1910 is of much interest.

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The Establishment Of Fort Brooke, James W. Covington Apr 2021

The Establishment Of Fort Brooke, James W. Covington

Florida Historical Quarterly

The military post known as Fort Brooke which was located at the mouth of the Hillsborough River is one that played a most important role in the settlement of Florida’s west coast. It served as a base of operations during the Seminole wars, and many famous military figures were stationed there during the middle third of the Nineteenth Century.

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Membership Roll Of The Florida Historical Society, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Membership Roll Of The Florida Historical Society, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

A complete list of all FHS members

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Richard K. Call Vs. The Federal Government On The Seminole War, Herbert J. Doherty Jr. Apr 2021

Richard K. Call Vs. The Federal Government On The Seminole War, Herbert J. Doherty Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the city of Washington in the autumn of 1836, the United States War Department was in a state of high confusion. On the sixth of October Lewis Cass had resigned as Secretary of War and the vacancy was temporarily filled by an under secretary, C. A. Harris. Within a few days the office was bestowed upon Benjamin F. ButIer, an interim appointee. These changes came during one of the crises of the Seminole War in Florida, which added to the confusion in Washington, In midsummer the command of that war had been vested in Governor Richard K. Call who …

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Documents Describing The Second And Third Expeditions Of Lieutenant Diego Pena To Apalachee And Apalachicolo In 1717 And 1718, Mark F. Boyd Apr 2021

Documents Describing The Second And Third Expeditions Of Lieutenant Diego Pena To Apalachee And Apalachicolo In 1717 And 1718, Mark F. Boyd

Florida Historical Quarterly

The success attained by Lieutenant Diego Pena in the discharge of the mission to Apalachee and Apalachicolo, to which he was assigned in the summer of 1716, made him the logical choice for similar duties in the following two years. The authorities in St. Augustine entertained the hope of repopulating Apalachee through inducements offered to surviving Apalacheans then living along the Apalachicolo (present-day Chattahoochee) river and elsewhere, as well as members of adjacent and related tribes, whose disillusionment with the English had produced the then recent Yamassee war. Knowledge that the success of this project was imperiled by the English, …

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Settlers From Connecticut In Spanish Florida, 1808-1816, Robert E. Rutherford Apr 2021

Settlers From Connecticut In Spanish Florida, 1808-1816, Robert E. Rutherford

Florida Historical Quarterly

Ambrose Hull was one of the Protestant Americans who answered Spain’s call of 1788 for immigrants to settle and develop the Florida lands. Hull obtained a grant of 2,600 acres in the New Smyrna area early in 1801 and began building his settlement, as narrated in Part I in de last issue of this Quarterly. Unfortunately, his first attempt was cut short by an Indian raid in which he suffered damages amounting to several thousand dollars. Nevertheless, Ambrose and his wife, Abigail, with her sister, Stella Hall, soon began rebuilding.

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Documents Concerning A Voyage To The Miami Region In 1793, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

Documents Concerning A Voyage To The Miami Region In 1793, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

That the southern portion of the Florida peninsular possessed no significant commercial value in colonial days was generally conceded, but its strategic importance as guardian of the Bahama Channel was fully recognized. Governors of Florida, both English and Spanish, stressed the possible dangers if this region were permitted to fall prey to enemy occupation. In spite of the acknowledged importance of the area as a military outpost, no program was undertaken by the Spanish authorities to erect permanent military bases south of the fort of San Marcos in St. Augustine and the battery on the shore of Matanzas Island. Only …

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Settlers From Connecticut In Spanish Florida: Letters Of Ambrose Hull And Stella Hart 1804-1806, Robert E. Rutherford Apr 2021

Settlers From Connecticut In Spanish Florida: Letters Of Ambrose Hull And Stella Hart 1804-1806, Robert E. Rutherford

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida was the northern bastion of Spain’s New World empire from an early period; and, except for brief British possession (1763-1783), the land was hers for almost three hundred years. The era following 1783, when Great Britain returned Florida to Spain, until 1821, when Florida became United States territory, is known as the second Spanish period of Florida history.

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The Early Career Of Edwin T. Jenckes: A Florida Pioneer Of The 1830’S, Earl C. Tanner Apr 2021

The Early Career Of Edwin T. Jenckes: A Florida Pioneer Of The 1830’S, Earl C. Tanner

Florida Historical Quarterly

A leader of the eastern faction in early state politics was Edwin T. Jenckes, known to his adversaries as “‘the fat man of Florida.” Jenckes was a delegate to the St. Joseph Constitutional Convention of 1838-39 and apparently commanded a large following, for he was designated chairman of two committees. According to the opposition press, he weighed 450 to 500 pounds and was “the greatest” man at the convention. It was alleged that he “retained in his own person, all the management, tact, industry and talent of the whole eastern delegation” and that he, himself, voted five proxies. In case …

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Confederate Finance: A Documentary Study Of A Proposal Of David L. Yulee, Arthur W. Thompson Apr 2021

Confederate Finance: A Documentary Study Of A Proposal Of David L. Yulee, Arthur W. Thompson

Florida Historical Quarterly

The growth of total war in the twentieth century has increasingly focused our attention on the importance and role of domestic economic relationships, particularly those concerned with fiscal policy. The problem of financing a war effort is not a new one however, and the outcome of many a struggle has hinged upon its effective solution. In the case of the American Civil War, a contemporary historian has written: “One of the most fundamental causes of the ultimate failure of the Confederacy lay in its unwise financial policies.“ 1 That the failure to devise an effective fiscal structure was a contributory …

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A Pioneer Florida Family; The Parson Brown Orange, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

A Pioneer Florida Family; The Parson Brown Orange, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

There was a large attendance at all of the Program sessions and the papers read, which were written for the occasion, were of unusual interest. A summary of several follow and others will be included in future issues of the Quarterly.

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Letters From Florida In 1851, Olin Norwood Apr 2021

Letters From Florida In 1851, Olin Norwood

Florida Historical Quarterly

Clement Claiborne Clay, 1816-1886, was a son of Governor Clement Comer Clay of Alabama. He was a lawyer by profession, and in 1851 was a county judge. Two years later he was elected to the U. S. Senate, where he served until the outbreak of the Civil War. He declined to be the first Confederate Secretary of War, but was a Confederate senator from 1861 until 1863. In 1864 he undertook a highly secret mission to Canada on behalf of the Confederacy, the results of which are still not completely known. He was accused of participating in the conspiracy to …

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Edward A. Perry, Yankee General Of The Florida Brigade, Sigsbee C. Prince Jr. Apr 2021

Edward A. Perry, Yankee General Of The Florida Brigade, Sigsbee C. Prince Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida’s Civil War hero, Edward Alysworth Perry, was a transplanted Yankee, born March 15, 1831, on a farm near Richmond, Massachusetts. He was a descendant of old New England stock which had migrated to America in the 1630’s. Arthur Perry, the first of the family to arrive in New England, was a member of a militia artillery company in Boston about 1638. From Boston the descendants of Arthur Perry migrated into Connecticut and western Massachusetts. Most of the early Perrys were farmers although some were ministers and a few dabbled in local politics.

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A. Journal Of Lt. Robert C. Buchanan During The Seminole War: The Battle Of Lake Okeechobee, Frank F. White Jr. Apr 2021

A. Journal Of Lt. Robert C. Buchanan During The Seminole War: The Battle Of Lake Okeechobee, Frank F. White Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

The journal of Lieutenant Robert C. Buchanan, adjutant of the Fourth Infantry, contains the chronicle of the operations of a unit in the campaign against the Seminole Indians from November 1837 to January 1838. Written during the pursuit of the Seminole Indians along the Kissimmee river and Lake Okeechobee, the journal reveals the conditions under which the soldiers lived and fought, his description of the country, and his views on the Seminoles and the war. There is also a description of the famous battle at Lake Okeechobee on December 25, 1837, for which action Buchanan received a citation.

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