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Articles 1861 - 1890 of 14426

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

A HISTORY OF THE TIMUCUA INDIANS AND MISSIONS, by John H. Hann, reviewed by Charles Hudson; MIAMI: THE AMERICAN CROSSROAD, A CENTENNIAL JOURNEY 1896-1996, by Arva Moore Parks and Gregory W. Bush, reviewed by Paul S. George; THE NEW ORLEANS CABILDO: COLONIAL LOUISIANA’S FIRST CITY GOVERNMENT, 1769-1803, by Gilbert C. Din and John E. Harkins, reviewed by F. Todd Smith; JOURNAL OF A VISIT TO THE GEORGIA ISLANDS OF ST. CATHERINES, GREEN, OSSABAW, SAPELO, ST. SIMONS, JEKYLL, AND CUMBERLAND WITH COMMENTS ON THE FLORIDA ISLANDS OF AMELIA, TALBOT, AND ST. GEORGE IN 1753, edited by Virginia Steele Wood and Mary …

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The Rosewood Massacre And The Women Who Survived It, Maxine D. Jones Mar 2022

The Rosewood Massacre And The Women Who Survived It, Maxine D. Jones

Florida Historical Quarterly

Fannie Taylor’s screams on the morning of January 1, 1923, shattered the peace of several Levy County communities. Her subsequent accusations of being attacked by a black man set in motion a chain of events that before the end of the week had resulted in at least eight deaths and the destruction of a town called Rosewood. Fewer than four thousand blacks resided in Levy County in 1920. The 3,960 African Americans comprised 39.9% of the county’s population, and as long as they remembered the place ascribed to them they lived in relative harmony with area whites.1

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Lonely Vigils: Houses Of Refuge On Florida's East Coast, 1876-1915, Sandra Henderson Thurlow Mar 2022

Lonely Vigils: Houses Of Refuge On Florida's East Coast, 1876-1915, Sandra Henderson Thurlow

Florida Historical Quarterly

Between 1875 and 1886, ten houses of refuge and a life-saving station were built at intervals along Florida’s east coast below St. Augustine. Their primary purpose was to aid shipwreck victims, but they provided strongholds in the wilderness as well. The stations, as they were called by the early settlers, joined four lighthouses to establish a governmental presence and a framework to which pioneer development clung.

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Sarasota: Hardship And Tourism In The 1930s, Ruthmary Bauer Mar 2022

Sarasota: Hardship And Tourism In The 1930s, Ruthmary Bauer

Florida Historical Quarterly

From 1922 to 1926, Sarasota experienced the top-of-the-world exhilaration of the great Florida land boom as it evolved from a frontier town into a modern city. During this crucial period Sarasotans debated the course of the city’s development. Some residents wanted the city to become a deepwater port while others, among them developers John Ringling and Owen Burns, envisioned Sarasota as a metropolitan resort for the moderately wealthy settler and the winter visitor. During the early and mid-1920s real estate developers embarked on a flurry of new construction that included plush resort hotels, skyscrapers, and upscale residential communities. The city’s …

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A Myth Reflects A Generation’S Technological Disillusionment: Edison And The Electrification Of Fort Myers, Michele Wehrwein Albion Mar 2022

A Myth Reflects A Generation’S Technological Disillusionment: Edison And The Electrification Of Fort Myers, Michele Wehrwein Albion

Florida Historical Quarterly

Over the past century and a half, Thomas Alva Edison has been variously regarded regionally, nationally, and globally as a wizard, an American icon, and a genius. He ushered in the modern era with his invention of the incandescent light, phonograph, and improvements to the battery, telephone, and motion picture. But accompanying Edison’s accomplishments is a body of myth. Two related myths regarding the introduction of technology in Fort Myers, Florida, reflect Edison’s ability to inspire fiction. These myths demonstrate how one generation’s frustration with the failure of contemporary technology prompted it to create a tale of the previous generation’s …

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Something More Than A Creed: Mary Mcleod Bethune's Aim Of Integrated Autonomy As Director Of Negro Affairs, Christopher E. Linsin Mar 2022

Something More Than A Creed: Mary Mcleod Bethune's Aim Of Integrated Autonomy As Director Of Negro Affairs, Christopher E. Linsin

Florida Historical Quarterly

Hard work and divine inspiration remained central aspects of Mary McLeod Bethune’s character throughout her life. A strong and consistent advocate of racial uplift through industrial education and hard work, Bethune embraced Booker T. Washington’s educational perspectives and his advocacy of racial pride and group solidarity. Also sympathetic toward the position held by Washington’s ideological nemesis, William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, Bethune embraced notions of racial empowerment by seeking both black social autonomy and full integration into the white economic community. Melding the philosophies of both Washington and Du Bois, Mary McLeod Bethune embraced an ideological position that sought to …

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Ditches And Dreams: Nelson Fell And The Rise Of Fellsmere, Gordon Patterson Mar 2022

Ditches And Dreams: Nelson Fell And The Rise Of Fellsmere, Gordon Patterson

Florida Historical Quarterly

On April 28, 1911, both the St. Lucie Tribune and the Fort Pierce News published descriptions of an innovative land development project. The Fellsmere Farms Company proposed to drain 118,000 acres of land at the headwaters of the St. Johns River. Since 1910, the newly formed corporation had “shunned publicity, preferring to devote all the time, energy and money to development work.“1 Fellsmere Farms Company was the brainchild of Nelson Fell, an itinerant Englishman and hydraulic engineer with more than three decades of experience in directing land development in Florida. The company’s unusual name, a 1913 sales brochure explained, was …

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"Was I A Member Of Congress . . .": Zachary Taylor's Letter To John J. Crittenden, January 12, 1838, Concerning The Second Seminole War, Harry A. Kersey, Jr. Mar 2022

"Was I A Member Of Congress . . .": Zachary Taylor's Letter To John J. Crittenden, January 12, 1838, Concerning The Second Seminole War, Harry A. Kersey, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

On January 12, 1838, Colonel Zachary Taylor penned a letter to his close friend and confidant Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky. Eighteen days earlier, on Christmas Day, 1837, Taylor’s command fought the largest and bloodiest pitched battle of the Second Seminole War at Lake Okeechobee. As he wrote from Fort Gardiner on the Kissimmee River, the army was preparing to extend its campaign even further inland.

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"As To The People": Thomas And Laura Randall's Observations On Life And Labor In Early Middle Florida, William Warren Rogers, Jr. Mar 2022

"As To The People": Thomas And Laura Randall's Observations On Life And Labor In Early Middle Florida, William Warren Rogers, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Moving from Baltimore to the wilds of Florida in 1827 held for Thomas and Laura Wirt Randall both promise and uncertainty. He had practiced law in Maryland and would preside as a superior court judge in Florida. Laura, the daughter of United States Attorney General William Wirt, came from a similarly cloistered background and was ill-prepared for life on the frontier. The recently married couple settled in Jefferson County, in the heart of Middle Florida, a region bounded on the east and west by the Suwanee and Appalachicola rivers and containing some of the South’s more fertile soil.1 It was …

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"Brasshats" And "Baby Fingers": The Battle Over Rural Education, Stephen D. Andrews Mar 2022

"Brasshats" And "Baby Fingers": The Battle Over Rural Education, Stephen D. Andrews

Florida Historical Quarterly

Late in 1919, Grover Rogers returned to the cotton farms of Albertville, Alabama, after service in the “Great War.” Rogers had received his discharge six months earlier, and had worked his way slowly from Florida, through Georgia, and finally home to Alabama. Rocking on the front porch of his family’s sharecropping shack, Grover told an avid audience of family and neighbors about his travels. Along with tales of battle and Europe, he spoke of a hamlet called Plant City, Florida.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

JOSE MARTI IN THE UNITED STATES: THE FLORIDA EXPERIENCE, by Louis A. Perez, Jr., reviewed by Leland Hawes; FLORIDA’S PIONEER NATURALIST: THE LIFE OF CHARLES TORREY SIMPSON, by Elizabeth Ogren Rothra, reviewed by Dennis L. Scarnecchia, PANIC IN PARADISE: FLORIDA’S BANKING CRASH OF 1926, by Raymond B. Vickers, reviewed by John J. Guthrie, Jr.; THE FLORIDA LAND BOOM: SPECULATION, MONEY AND THE BANKS, by William Frazer and John J. Guthrie, Jr., reviewed by Raymond B. Vickers; FEMINA PERFECTA: THE GENESIS OF FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY, by Robin Jeanne Sellers, reviewed by Tracey J. Revels; THE NAKED WARRIORS: THE STORY OF THE …

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Skilled Slave Labor In Florida: 1850-1860, Christopher E. Linsin Mar 2022

Skilled Slave Labor In Florida: 1850-1860, Christopher E. Linsin

Florida Historical Quarterly

Writing of the two weeks she had just spent in “oppression and misery” in Florida, Mary Chestnut, the opinionated South Carolina aristocrat, saw her trip through Fernandina to Charleston in 1860 as a return “to the world”— her world of the civilized South.1 While Florida towns such as Fernandina did not offer the fine cultural characteristics of Charleston, the peninsular state— especially the five counties comprising “Middle Florida”— was as much a part of the political, social, and economic world of the South as was South Carolina. Like the older state, Florida became one of the first members of the …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

SPANISH TREASURE. FLEETS, by Timothy R. Walton, reviewed by Eugene Lyon; FLORIDA IN POETRY A HISTORY OF THE IMAGINATION, edited by Jane Anderson Jones and Maurice J. O’Sullivan, reviewed by Kevin M. McCarthy; THE COLUMBIA RESTAURANT SPANISH COOKBOOK, by Adela Hernandez Gonzmart and Ferdie Pacheco, reviewed by Martin Favata; HISTORY OF BREVARD COUNTY, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by Gordon Patterson; A HISTORY OF ALTAMONTE SPRINGS, FLORIDA, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by William Warren Rogers; FLAGS ALONG THE COAST; CHARTING THE GULF OF MEXICO, 1519-1759: A REAPPRAISAL, by Jack Jackson, reviewed by William S. Coker; TIDECRAFT: THE BOATS OF …

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Wife-Killers And Evil Temptresses: Gender, Pardons And Respectability In Florida, 1889-1914, Vivien Miller Mar 2022

Wife-Killers And Evil Temptresses: Gender, Pardons And Respectability In Florida, 1889-1914, Vivien Miller

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida's State Board of Pardons, created by the state constitution of 1868, was a necessary component of the state’s criminal justice system in the late 19th and 20th centuries due to the general inadequacy of the penal arrangements,1 the frequency with which judges imposed death penalties on those convicted of firstdegree murder, and the absence of any probation or parole facilities. Letters to the pardoning board, to successive governors and to newspapers such as the Florida Times Union and the Tampa Tribune, indicate accord among diverse sections of Florida society on the need for harsh punishment for those who committed …

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Landlords And Tenants: Sharecropping And The Cotton Culture In Leon County, Florida, 1865-1885, Clay Ouzts Mar 2022

Landlords And Tenants: Sharecropping And The Cotton Culture In Leon County, Florida, 1865-1885, Clay Ouzts

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1875 the poet Sidney Lanier visited Leon County, bordering Georgia in northern Florida. Lanier left a favorable account of the red-hill countryside surrounding Tallahassee, the state capital. He described the area as having long fences which marked off pastures, ancient live oaks and other hardwoods spread across the rolling hills where "ample prospects, [came] before the eye."1 Almost ten years later a northern observer remarked that the region was "exceptionally attractive" and that it was one of the "most desirable localities imaginable for several characters of farm industry."2 Promotional literature in the 1890s continued to depict Leon County as …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

MIAMI BEACH: A HISTORY, by Howard Kleinberg, reviewed by Paul S. George; WILLIAM BARTRAM AND THE SOUTHEASTERN INDIANS, edited and annotated by Gregory A. Waselkov and Kathryn E. Holland Braund, reviewed by Paul Wehr; HAD I THE WINGS: THE FRIENDSHIP OF BACHMAN AND AUDUBON, by Jay Shuler, reviewed by Steven Valdespino; STEPPING OUT OF THE SHADOWS: ALABAMA WOMEN, 1919-1990, edited by Mary Martha Thomas, reviewed by Sarah P. Vickers; THE STRUGGLE FOR THE GEORGIA COAST: AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SPANISH RETROSPECTIVE ON GUALE AND MOCAMA, by John E. Worth, reviewed by Richard Durshlag; AFTER APPOMATTOX: How THE SOUTH WON THE WAR, …

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Long Time Coming: Miami's Liberty City Riot Of 1968, Eric Tscheschlok Mar 2022

Long Time Coming: Miami's Liberty City Riot Of 1968, Eric Tscheschlok

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1898, Josiah Strong predicted that “the problem of the twentieth century will be the city.” Five years later, W. E. B. Du Bois declared that “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line.“1 The turbulent 1960s proved both men prophetic: from Newark to Los Angeles, the nation’s black communities erupted in violence and destruction. For much of the decade, Dade County, Florida escaped this pattern of violence. But in August 1968, as the Republican national convention took place in Miami Beach, the Miami ghetto community of Liberty City erupted into several days of rioting.

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Anthony Hutchins: A Pioneer Of The Old Southwest, Ethan A. Grant Mar 2022

Anthony Hutchins: A Pioneer Of The Old Southwest, Ethan A. Grant

Florida Historical Quarterly

The story of British and Spanish Natchez, and the early territorial days of Mississippi cannot be complete without reference to Anthony Hutchins. This temperamental and volatile character was involved in much of the history of the region from his arrival in 1772 until his death in 1802. Barely five feet tall and slender, Hutchins combined the reputed traits of bantam rooster and bulldog. His voice was reedy and his temper was short. By bluff, bluster, and native intelligence, he normally came out at the top of every dispute, and he had many.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

SITUADO AND SABANA: SPAIN’S SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE PRESIDIO AND MISSION PROVINCES OF FLORIDA, by Amy Turner Bushnell, reviewed by William S. Coker; FLORIDA INDIANS AND THE INVASION FROM EUROPE, by Jerald T. Milanich, reviewed by John K. Mahon; PEDRO MENÉNDEZ DE AVILÉS, by Eugene Lyon, reviewed by Susan R. Parker; FORT MEADE, 1859-1900, by Canter Brown, Jr., reviewed by Janet Snyder Matthews; THE AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE OF FLORIDA, edited by David R. Colburn and Jane L. Landers, reviewed by Irwin D. Solomon; SWAMP SONG: A NATURAL HISTORY OF FLORIDA’S SWAMPS, by Ron Larson, reviewed by Patricia G. Dillon; JUMP …

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Yellow Fever, The Doctors, And Their Victims In The 19th Century South, Theodore B. Vanitallie Mar 2022

Yellow Fever, The Doctors, And Their Victims In The 19th Century South, Theodore B. Vanitallie

Florida Historical Quarterly

The year is 1853; the month July. Imagine that you are a 30-year old bank clerk from New York who has traveled to New Orleans to visit your younger sister, recently married to an assistant editor of the Picayune. Six days after your return to your native city, you suddenly develop chills and fever. Your head aches and you feel weak and nauseated. You collapse on the guest-room bed but, instead of experiencing relief from lying down, the muscles of your neck, back and legs start to ache severely and, over the next two days, you become so irritable and …

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Andrew Dias Poppell, 1894-1955: A Taylor County Entrepreneur, Margaret N. Burkley Mar 2022

Andrew Dias Poppell, 1894-1955: A Taylor County Entrepreneur, Margaret N. Burkley

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the first half of the 20th century, forest products and livestock were major parts of the Florida economy. Large lumber and naval stores firms were extracting huge amounts of yellow pine lumber and turpentine from Florida’s extensive forests and cattle barons were marketing cattle which they had grown on wide expanses of open range. That Florida was the leading producer of naval stores by the early 20th century is also comparatively wellknown. 1 Much less has been written about the small businessmen who played important roles in the development of diversified local economies by investing in and operating naval …

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Asian Immigration To Florida, Raymond A. Mohl Mar 2022

Asian Immigration To Florida, Raymond A. Mohl

Florida Historical Quarterly

By the mid-1990s, few states could challenge Florida’s Sunbelt growth image and megastate status. Now the fourth largest state, following California, Texas, and New York, Florida has had a dramatically rising demographic trajectory for most of the twentieth century. Indeed, the state’s population growth rate has never fallen below 28 percent a decade since 1900; it was much higher than that during the boom years of the 1920s (52 percent), the 1950s (79 percent), and the 1970s (44 percent). Since 1960, however, a substantial portion of the state’s new population has come as a consequence of immigration. Careful estimates in …

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Blanche Armwood Of Tampa And The Strategy Of Interracial Cooperation, Keith Halderman Mar 2022

Blanche Armwood Of Tampa And The Strategy Of Interracial Cooperation, Keith Halderman

Florida Historical Quarterly

Blanche Armwood was born in Tampa on January 3, 1890, into a well-established middle-class black family. Her maternal grandfather, Adam Holloman, had been appointed in 1875 to the Hillsborough County Commission by then-Governor Marcellus L. Stearns. That same year he purchased four parcels of land which totalled 123 acres. Her great uncle, John Armwood, had been a negotiator between the Seminoles and white settlers on the southern Florida frontier. He also became an early landowner when he successfully homesteaded 159 acres in Hillsborough County. Her father, Levin Armwood, was Tampa’s first black policeman and subsequently served as county deputy sheriff. …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

DADE’S LAST COMMAND, by Frank Laumer, reviewed by William M. Goza; BLOCKADERS, REFUGEES, & CONTRABANDS: CIVIL WAR ON FLORIDA’S GULF COAST, 1861-1865, by George E. Buker, reviewed by William Warren Rogers; REBEL STOREHOUSE: FLORIDA IN THE CONFEDERATE ECONOMY, by Robert A. Taylor, reviewed by Anthony Iacono; THE CONFEDERADOS: OLD SOUTH IMMIGRANTS IN BRAZIL, edited by Cyrus B. Dawsey and James M. Dawsey, reviewed by José B. Fernández; ESSAYS ON CUBAN HISTORY: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND RESEARCH, by Louis a Pérez, Jr., reviewed by Thomas M. Leonard; THE CHEROKEES AND CHRISTIANITY, 1794-1870, by William G. McLoughlin; edited by Walter H. Conser, Jr., reviewed …

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Daniel Newnan: A Neglected Figure In Florida History, John K. Mahon Mar 2022

Daniel Newnan: A Neglected Figure In Florida History, John K. Mahon

Florida Historical Quarterly

There is a lake in Alachua County, Florida, named for Daniel Newnan of Georgia. Called Pithlachocco on early maps, it was renamed for Newnan because he led a Georgia detachment that fought the Alachua Indians near there in September 1812. Although it has long since disappeared, there was also a town named Newnansville which was the Alachua County seat until 1854. The county seat of Coweta County in Georgia is also named for him. But neither in Florida nor Georgia is there much in print about this man.

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Directors Meeting, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Directors Meeting, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida Historical Society Minutes of the Board Meeting, January 20, 1995

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA’S FIRST PEOPLE: 12,000 YEARS OF HUMAN HISTORY, by Robin C. Brown, reviewed by James G. Cusick; YBOR CITY CHRONICLES: A MEMOIR, by Ferdie Pacheco, reviewed by Leland Hawes; HARRIET BEECHER STOWE: A LIFE, by Joan D. Hedrick, reviewed by Sarah Whitmer Foster and John T. Foster, Jr.; CONTESTING CASTRO: THE UNITED STATES AND THE TRIUMPH OF THE CUBAN REVOLUTION, by Thomas G. Paterson, reviewed by Neill Macaulay; THE SOUTH AND THE NEW DEAL, by Roger Biles, reviewed by Michael V. Namorato; ALABAMA: THE HISTORY OF A DEEP SOUTH STATE, by William Warren Rogers, et al, reviewed by Lynn Willoughby; …

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The Order Of The Holy Spirit: An Important Decoration From A 1715 Plate Fleet Wreck, John Debry Mar 2022

The Order Of The Holy Spirit: An Important Decoration From A 1715 Plate Fleet Wreck, John Debry

Florida Historical Quarterly

From the early sixteenth to middle eighteenth centuries, the Flota System was Spain’s lifeline to the riches of the Americas. Two fleets traveled more or less annually between Spain and the Americas; the squadron of Tierra Firme from Spain to South America, and the Flota de Nueva España toward Veracruz, Mexico. On the return voyage, the two fleets would often sail together for added safety and protection. The return voyage was more dangerous. The galleons were fully loaded with precious cargoes of gold, silver, jewelry, tobacco, spices, indigo, cochineal, leather, and other New World products. The crews were tired and …

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The Florida Diaries Of Daniel H. Wiggins, 1836-1841, David J. Coles Mar 2022

The Florida Diaries Of Daniel H. Wiggins, 1836-1841, David J. Coles

Florida Historical Quarterly

Since Frederick Jackson Turner delivered his seminal 1893 essay on the significance of the frontier in American history, scholars have delved into virtually every aspect of the western frontier experience. Unfortunately, historians have neglected many issues surrounding southern frontier life in the early nineteenth century. Studies of the Florida frontier during this period are particularly few in number.1 Recently, the work of several historians has heightened our appreciation of the importance of the frontier as part of Florida’s heritage. Other than several county and local histories, however, little new work has been written on the original north Florida panhandle frontier …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

A NATURALIST IN FLORIDA: A CELEBRATION OF EDEN, by Archie Carr, edited by Marjorie Harris Carr, reviewed by Morton D. Winsberg; PIONEER COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHY: THE BURGERT BROTHERS, TAMPA, FLORIDA, by Robert E. Snyder and Jack B. Moore, reviewed by Nick Natanson; REMOVAL AFTERSHOCK: THE SEMINOLES’ STRUGGLES TO SURVIVE IN THE WEST, 1836-1866, by Jane F. Lancaster, reviewed by James Covington; LETTERS OF DELEGATES To CONGRESS, 1774-1789: VOLUME 21, OCTOBER 1, 1783-OCTOBER 31, 1784, edited by Paul H. Smith and Ronald M. Gephart, reviewed by Robert M. Calhoon; LUMBEE INDIAN HISTORIES: RACE, ETHNICITY, AND INDIAN IDENTITY IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES, …

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