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Andrew Jackson’S Cronies In Florida Territorial Politics, Herbert J. Doherty Jr. Apr 2021

Andrew Jackson’S Cronies In Florida Territorial Politics, Herbert J. Doherty Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Pensacola, an ancient Spanish village but then the boomtown capital of West Florida, the fifth day of October, 1821, was greeted with an unusual air of excitement. Along Palafox and Zaragoza streets, named long since for the Spanish hero General Palafox because of his heroic defense of Zaragoza, curious townsfolk gathered in gossiping knots around the Government House and public market, both fronting on Plaza Ferdinand VII. In Austin’s Tavern, the servants clearing away the remains of the great farewell party of the previous night, must have furtively gathered around the windows and peered expectantly into the street. Each …

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Asi-Yaholo Or Osceola, Mark F. Boyd Apr 2021

Asi-Yaholo Or Osceola, Mark F. Boyd

Florida Historical Quarterly

Of the numerous Indian leaders who have attracted the attention, the interest, or the sympathy of the people of the whole United States, albeit they never derived any practical advantage therefrom, the notoriety attained by the Seminole leader known as Powell or Osceola, probably drew to that individual more attention than has been given to any other Indian before or since. This fame arose from his resolute opposition to enforced emigration from Florida. His motives were regarded as patriotic, and real or fancied romantic episodes of his career have become a part of our folk-lore. Although seizure and deportation thwarted …

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The White Flag, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

The White Flag, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the long history of the American Indians no name is more widely known than Osceola. At the time of his death especially, he was talked of throughout the entire country. Towns in a score of states were named for him, and there are three counties which bear his name - in Iowa, Michigan, and Florida. This was largely because of a small piece of white cloth: the violation of a flag of truce under the orders of General Jesup, then in command of the Army in Florida. Standing under the white flag, Osceola was seized, imprisoned, and died soon …

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Osceola: Portraits, Features, And Dress, John M. Goggin Apr 2021

Osceola: Portraits, Features, And Dress, John M. Goggin

Florida Historical Quarterly

The most colorful figure of the unpopular Second Seminole War, Osceola, the Seminole war leader, early caught the imagination of the American public. 1 As a result, although we lack details of his early history, we have a good amount of data for his military career, and numerous comments on his appearance. He was the subject of several original sketches and paintings, as well as numerous engravings taken from them. However, differences between some of these “from life” renderings, raise the question of exactly what Osceola did look like!

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Florida And The British Investor, 1880-1914, Alfred P. Tischendoff Apr 2021

Florida And The British Investor, 1880-1914, Alfred P. Tischendoff

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the generation preceding World War I the attention of British investors focused on Latin America, the Far East, British Dominions, and the United States. Florida was not neglected by Britishers during the years from 1880 to 1914. At least 15 Limited companies with an authorized capital over 2.7 million were registered in London in this period to carry on business in the state. A promotional campaign that reached its climax in the 1890’s sought to interest the public in Florida ventures. Army and Navy officers, Members of Parliament, and titled gentry held shares and directorships in many of the …

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The Florida Executive Council, An Experiment In Civil War Administration, William C. Havard Apr 2021

The Florida Executive Council, An Experiment In Civil War Administration, William C. Havard

Florida Historical Quarterly

The conduct of a major war, even under favorable conditions of internal stability, often results in a state of organized confusion in the government. For the South in the Civil War, the administration of the war effort was complicated to an unusual degree by the necessity of simultaneously reorganizing the political union which bound the states together. And even within the individual states themselves, the urgency of the war situation demanded the assumption of governmental functions which were new to the states-functions such as external defense, control of the manufacturing and transportation of essential goods, and the financing of these …

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The Governorship Of Andrew Jackson, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. Apr 2021

The Governorship Of Andrew Jackson, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

It was a stifling hot day in July of 1821 but the inhabitants of Pensacola, Florida, and hundreds of recently arrived newcomers were all jammed into the town’s central plaza. This was to be an important day in the lives of the people of Florida, for at ten o’clock in the morning the gaunt gray figure of Andrew Jackson would stalk from the governor’s residence and cross the plaza to the government house where the ceremonies marking the transfer of the Floridas from Spain to the United States would be completed. As he sat in the governor’s residence eating breakfast …

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A Religious Revival In Tallahassee In 1843, Nathan Hoyt Apr 2021

A Religious Revival In Tallahassee In 1843, Nathan Hoyt

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the Woodrow Wilson Papers in the Library of Congress there is a manuscript narrative (here reproduced) of a religious revival held in Tallahassee in 1843 by the Rev. Nathan Hoyt, grandfather of Ellen Axson, wife of President Wilson. He was then pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Athens, Georgia. Evidently, Georgians of that period considered Florida as a field for missionary work.

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Letters Of A Florida Settler In 1877, W. A. Smith Apr 2021

Letters Of A Florida Settler In 1877, W. A. Smith

Florida Historical Quarterly

W. A. Smith was born in Hadley, Mass., in 1826. During his early boyhood his family moved to Wisconsin where he grew up. After marrying and raising a family of two sons and a daughter, he removed to Cortland, N. Y. Reading of Florida’s attractions, he decided to settle there. En route to Florida, he made expenses by giving Bible lectures illustrated by magic lantern slides.

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Salmon P. Chase And Civil War Politics In Florida, Ovid L. Futch Apr 2021

Salmon P. Chase And Civil War Politics In Florida, Ovid L. Futch

Florida Historical Quarterly

When Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase was seeking the 1864 Republican presidential nomination, he endeavored to build political fences wherever fortune beckoned. One such state was Florida.

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Are There De Soto Relics In Florida?, John M. Goggin Apr 2021

Are There De Soto Relics In Florida?, John M. Goggin

Florida Historical Quarterly

The adventurous trip of Hernando de Soto from his debarkation on the Florida Gulf Coast in 1539, through thousands of miles of wilderness, to his death on the Mississippi River in 1542 has been the subject of many fictional and scholarly studies. Despite the careful attention given to his journey many questions arise in the minds of the students. One is the puzzling problem of why no material objects have ever been found which can be derived from the De Soto expedition. It is hard to believe a party of more than five hundred well-equipped men would leave or lose …

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Spanish Interest In British Florida, And In The Progress Of The American Revolution, Mark F. Boyd Apr 2021

Spanish Interest In British Florida, And In The Progress Of The American Revolution, Mark F. Boyd

Florida Historical Quarterly

Despite the loss of Florida to Great Britain in 1763, colonial officials in Cuba, probably reflecting the attitude of the Spanish Court, maintained a lively interest in their erstwhile province and preserved a hope of its eventual recovery. When the mounting tension in the British colonies to the north progressed from civil disorder to the revolutionary struggle, Spanish interest in the conflict became intense as the cherished hope began to exhibit the possibility of attainment. The meagerness of the news which reached that Court through random channels was insufficient to reveal the trend of events or determine the moment for …

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The Election Of 1876 In Florida, By Marcellus L. Stearns, Republican Candidate For Governor, Edward C. Williamson Apr 2021

The Election Of 1876 In Florida, By Marcellus L. Stearns, Republican Candidate For Governor, Edward C. Williamson

Florida Historical Quarterly

The only carpetbagger boss of a Negro county machine to become governor of Florida, Union Army veteran Marcellus L. Stearns, sought reelection as the Republican candidate in 1876. Born at Lovell, Maine, on April 29, 1839, Stearns at the outbreak of the Civil War was a student at Waterville College, Maine. He left there in 1861 in answer to President Lincoln’s call for volunteers. Losing an arm in the hard fighting in the Shenandoah Valley at the Battle of Winchester, he transferred to the Freedmen’s Bureau, and first came to Florida in 1866, being stationed as an official of the …

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The Florida, Atlantic And Gulf Central Railroad, Paul E. Fenlon Apr 2021

The Florida, Atlantic And Gulf Central Railroad, Paul E. Fenlon

Florida Historical Quarterly

Though the factors responsible for the failure of Florida to experience the rapid economic development which took place in the vast western areas of the United States during the latter half of the nineteenth century are numerous and diverse, lack of adequate railroad transportation, certainly until the 1880’s, stands out as one of the most important.

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The Establishment Of Fort Brooke, James W. Covington Apr 2021

The Establishment Of Fort Brooke, James W. Covington

Florida Historical Quarterly

The military post known as Fort Brooke which was located at the mouth of the Hillsborough River is one that played a most important role in the settlement of Florida’s west coast. It served as a base of operations during the Seminole wars, and many famous military figures were stationed there during the middle third of the Nineteenth Century.

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De Soto And Terra Cei, John R. Swanton Apr 2021

De Soto And Terra Cei, John R. Swanton

Florida Historical Quarterly

In connection with my work as chairman of the De Soto Expedition Commission between 1935 and 1938 I made a study of the documentary and geographical evidence regarding the location of the point where De Soto landed on the Florida coast in 1539 and the position of his first headquarters. While I was assisted to some extent by other members of the Commission, the conclusions reached were more particularly mine and I assume all responsibility for them. They were originally stated in a paper printed in “The Florida Historical Quarterly” (vol. XVI, no. 3; Jan. 1938) and were incorporated later …

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The Railroad Background Of The Florida Senatorial Election Of 1851, Arthur W. Thompson Apr 2021

The Railroad Background Of The Florida Senatorial Election Of 1851, Arthur W. Thompson

Florida Historical Quarterly

The national schism concerning the state of the Union following the Mexican War affected the character and intensity of political debate on the Florida scene no less than it did that of other areas throughout the nation. In Congress, Jefferson Davis and other eminent defenders of the Southern position gained the ardent support of Florida’s Democratic senior Senator, David L. Yulee. In his advocacy of the principle of the concurrent majority, as applied to the bicameral nature of the national legislature, Yulee was dealt a devastating blow by Webster and Clay. By late July of 1850, the proponents of the …

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Richard K. Call Vs. The Federal Government On The Seminole War, Herbert J. Doherty Jr. Apr 2021

Richard K. Call Vs. The Federal Government On The Seminole War, Herbert J. Doherty Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the city of Washington in the autumn of 1836, the United States War Department was in a state of high confusion. On the sixth of October Lewis Cass had resigned as Secretary of War and the vacancy was temporarily filled by an under secretary, C. A. Harris. Within a few days the office was bestowed upon Benjamin F. ButIer, an interim appointee. These changes came during one of the crises of the Seminole War in Florida, which added to the confusion in Washington, In midsummer the command of that war had been vested in Governor Richard K. Call who …

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Documents Describing The Second And Third Expeditions Of Lieutenant Diego Pena To Apalachee And Apalachicolo In 1717 And 1718, Mark F. Boyd Apr 2021

Documents Describing The Second And Third Expeditions Of Lieutenant Diego Pena To Apalachee And Apalachicolo In 1717 And 1718, Mark F. Boyd

Florida Historical Quarterly

The success attained by Lieutenant Diego Pena in the discharge of the mission to Apalachee and Apalachicolo, to which he was assigned in the summer of 1716, made him the logical choice for similar duties in the following two years. The authorities in St. Augustine entertained the hope of repopulating Apalachee through inducements offered to surviving Apalacheans then living along the Apalachicolo (present-day Chattahoochee) river and elsewhere, as well as members of adjacent and related tribes, whose disillusionment with the English had produced the then recent Yamassee war. Knowledge that the success of this project was imperiled by the English, …

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Your Most Important Question Today May Be: Who Are You?, Matthew Scott Apr 2021

Your Most Important Question Today May Be: Who Are You?, Matthew Scott

UCF Forum

Ring ring! Your alarm goes off and you wake up, a brand-new day beginning around the world.

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Settlers From Connecticut In Spanish Florida, 1808-1816, Robert E. Rutherford Apr 2021

Settlers From Connecticut In Spanish Florida, 1808-1816, Robert E. Rutherford

Florida Historical Quarterly

Ambrose Hull was one of the Protestant Americans who answered Spain’s call of 1788 for immigrants to settle and develop the Florida lands. Hull obtained a grant of 2,600 acres in the New Smyrna area early in 1801 and began building his settlement, as narrated in Part I in de last issue of this Quarterly. Unfortunately, his first attempt was cut short by an Indian raid in which he suffered damages amounting to several thousand dollars. Nevertheless, Ambrose and his wife, Abigail, with her sister, Stella Hall, soon began rebuilding.

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Documents Concerning A Voyage To The Miami Region In 1793, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

Documents Concerning A Voyage To The Miami Region In 1793, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

That the southern portion of the Florida peninsular possessed no significant commercial value in colonial days was generally conceded, but its strategic importance as guardian of the Bahama Channel was fully recognized. Governors of Florida, both English and Spanish, stressed the possible dangers if this region were permitted to fall prey to enemy occupation. In spite of the acknowledged importance of the area as a military outpost, no program was undertaken by the Spanish authorities to erect permanent military bases south of the fort of San Marcos in St. Augustine and the battery on the shore of Matanzas Island. Only …

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Settlers From Connecticut In Spanish Florida: Letters Of Ambrose Hull And Stella Hart 1804-1806, Robert E. Rutherford Apr 2021

Settlers From Connecticut In Spanish Florida: Letters Of Ambrose Hull And Stella Hart 1804-1806, Robert E. Rutherford

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida was the northern bastion of Spain’s New World empire from an early period; and, except for brief British possession (1763-1783), the land was hers for almost three hundred years. The era following 1783, when Great Britain returned Florida to Spain, until 1821, when Florida became United States territory, is known as the second Spanish period of Florida history.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of The Georgia-Florida Frontier, 1793-1796. Spanish reaction to French Intrigue and American Designs. By Richard K. Murdoch. (Berkeley and Los Angeles; University of California Press, 1951. pp. 208), and The Development of Commercial Transportation in Florida by J. E. Dovell, published by the Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Florida.

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The Early Career Of Edwin T. Jenckes: A Florida Pioneer Of The 1830’S, Earl C. Tanner Apr 2021

The Early Career Of Edwin T. Jenckes: A Florida Pioneer Of The 1830’S, Earl C. Tanner

Florida Historical Quarterly

A leader of the eastern faction in early state politics was Edwin T. Jenckes, known to his adversaries as “‘the fat man of Florida.” Jenckes was a delegate to the St. Joseph Constitutional Convention of 1838-39 and apparently commanded a large following, for he was designated chairman of two committees. According to the opposition press, he weighed 450 to 500 pounds and was “the greatest” man at the convention. It was alleged that he “retained in his own person, all the management, tact, industry and talent of the whole eastern delegation” and that he, himself, voted five proxies. In case …

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France To The Rescue: An Episode Of The Florida Border, 1797, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

France To The Rescue: An Episode Of The Florida Border, 1797, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

The reversal of international alliances pursuant to the Treaty of Basel of 1795 returned Spain to her former position as an ally of France. By the terms of this document, however, Spain found herself in a position considerably more subserviant than that assigned her by the alliances of 1761 and 1762. 1 Her Caribbean colonies, heretofore the prey of France, were now opened to possible English attack. East Florida lying close to Cuba and the Bahama Channel, thus in a strategic position, was one of the points most exposed to enemy attack. Constant troop withdrawals rendered the defense of this …

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Fort Pupo: A Spanish Frontier Outpost, John M. Goggin Apr 2021

Fort Pupo: A Spanish Frontier Outpost, John M. Goggin

Florida Historical Quarterly

From the viewpoint of anthropological analysis one of the most interesting aspects of the study of man is what happens when two cultures meet. When is there an integration of elements, and when an overwhelming of one culture by the other? Precisely what happened when the Spanish and Indians came together has been a fascinating subject of study by many archaeologists in Florida in recent years. It was exactly this problem which turned us from our study of the missions where Spanish priests and Indians came together to a consideration of the similar meeting of Spanish soldiers and Indians. Fort …

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Archeology Of The Tampa Bay Area, Ripley P. Bullen Apr 2021

Archeology Of The Tampa Bay Area, Ripley P. Bullen

Florida Historical Quarterly

While we speak of archeology as pre-history, it is as much a part of the history of any region as that which is recorded contemporaneously in writing, even though it does not relate to our own ancestors. So two of the papers read at our annual meeting were on Florida archeology. Ripley P. Bullen, Assistant Florida State Archeologist recounted the highlights of what has been learned of the central west coast.

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Letters From Florida In 1851, Olin Norwood Apr 2021

Letters From Florida In 1851, Olin Norwood

Florida Historical Quarterly

Clement Claiborne Clay, 1816-1886, was a son of Governor Clement Comer Clay of Alabama. He was a lawyer by profession, and in 1851 was a county judge. Two years later he was elected to the U. S. Senate, where he served until the outbreak of the Civil War. He declined to be the first Confederate Secretary of War, but was a Confederate senator from 1861 until 1863. In 1864 he undertook a highly secret mission to Canada on behalf of the Confederacy, the results of which are still not completely known. He was accused of participating in the conspiracy to …

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Fort Tonyn And The Campaign Of 1778, Ripley P. Bullen Apr 2021

Fort Tonyn And The Campaign Of 1778, Ripley P. Bullen

Florida Historical Quarterly

Fort Tonyn, a small British fort during the American Revolution, is believed by some to have been located on Amelia Island at the site now occupied by Fort Clinch. The probable reason for this tradition is the fact that it is so located on a map prepared by W. G. F. Wallace, Esq., and included by Burton Barrs in his East Florida in the American Revolution. No substantiating evidence for this location is given by Barrs and it may be stated categorically that Wallace’s map is incorrect in this respect.

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