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Artificial Intuition In Tech Journalism On Ai: Imagining The Human Subject, Jacob Johanssen, Xin Wang Apr 2021

Artificial Intuition In Tech Journalism On Ai: Imagining The Human Subject, Jacob Johanssen, Xin Wang

Human-Machine Communication

Artificial intuition (AI acting intuitively) is one trend in artificial intelligence. This article analyzes how it is discussed by technology journalism on the internet. The journalistic narratives that were analyzed claim that intuition can make AI more efficient, autonomous, and human. Some commentators also write that intuitive AI could execute tasks better than humans themselves ever could (e.g., in digital games); therefore, it could ultimately surpass human intuition. Such views do not pay enough attention to biases as well as transparency and explainability of AI. We contrast the journalistic narratives with philosophical understandings of intuition and a psychoanalytic view of …

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Negotiating Agency And Control: Theorizing Human-Machine Communication From A Structurational Perspective, Jennifer L. Gibbs, Gavin L. Kirkwood, Chengyu Fang, J. Nan Wilkenfeld Apr 2021

Negotiating Agency And Control: Theorizing Human-Machine Communication From A Structurational Perspective, Jennifer L. Gibbs, Gavin L. Kirkwood, Chengyu Fang, J. Nan Wilkenfeld

Human-Machine Communication

Intelligent technologies have the potential to transform organizations and organizing processes. In particular, they are unique from prior organizational technologies in that they reposition technology as agent rather than a tool or object of use. Scholars studying human-machine communication (HMC) have begun to theorize the dual role played by human and machine agency, but they have focused primarily on the individual level. Drawing on Structuration Theory (Giddens, 1984), we propose a theoretical framework to explain agency in HMC as a process involving the negotiation of control between human and machine agents. This article contributes to HMC scholarship by offering a …

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Becoming Human? Ableism And Control In Detroit: Become Human And The Implications For Human-Machine Communication, Marco Dehnert, Rebecca B. Leach Apr 2021

Becoming Human? Ableism And Control In Detroit: Become Human And The Implications For Human-Machine Communication, Marco Dehnert, Rebecca B. Leach

Human-Machine Communication

In human-machine communication (HMC), machines are communicative subjects in the creation of meaning. The Computers are Social Actors and constructivist approaches to HMC postulate that humans communicate with machines as if they were people. From this perspective, communication is understood as heavily scripted where humans mindlessly apply human-to-human scripts in HMC. We argue that a critical approach to communication scripts reveals how humans may rely on ableism as a means of sense-making in their relationships with machines. Using the choose-your-own-adventure game Detroit: Become Human as a case study, we demonstrate (a) how ableist communication scripts render machines as both less-than-human …

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The Machine As An Extension Of The Body: When Identity, Immersion And Interactive Design Serve As Both Resource And Limitation For The Disabled, Donna Z. Davis, Shelby Stanovsek Apr 2021

The Machine As An Extension Of The Body: When Identity, Immersion And Interactive Design Serve As Both Resource And Limitation For The Disabled, Donna Z. Davis, Shelby Stanovsek

Human-Machine Communication

This research explores how the technological affordances of emerging social virtual environments and VR platforms where individuals from an online disability community are represented in avatar form, correspond to these users’ development of embodied identity, ability, and access to work and social communities. The visual attributes of these avatars, which can realistically reflect the user’s physical self or divert from human form entirely, raise interesting questions regarding the role identity plays in the workplace, be it gender, race, age, weight, or visible disability. Additionally, the technology itself becomes fundamental to identity as the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI), motion …

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Social Robots As The Bride? Understanding The Construction Of Gender In A Japanese Social Robot Product, Jindong Liu Apr 2021

Social Robots As The Bride? Understanding The Construction Of Gender In A Japanese Social Robot Product, Jindong Liu

Human-Machine Communication

This study critically investigates the construction of gender on a Japanese hologram animestyle social robot Azuma Hikari. By applying a mixed method merging the visual semiotic method and heterogeneous engineering approach in software studies, the signs in Azuma Hikari’s anthropomorphized image and the interactivity enabled by the multimedia interface have been analyzed and discussed. The analysis revealed a stereotyped representation of a Japanese “ideal bride” who should be cute, sexy, comforting, good at housework, and subordinated to “Master”-like husband. Moreover, the device interface disciplines users to play the role of “wage earner” in the simulated marriage and reconstructs the gender …

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Forms And Frames: Mind, Morality, And Trust In Robots Across Prototypical Interactions, Jaime Banks, Kevin Koban, Philippe De V. Chauveau Apr 2021

Forms And Frames: Mind, Morality, And Trust In Robots Across Prototypical Interactions, Jaime Banks, Kevin Koban, Philippe De V. Chauveau

Human-Machine Communication

People often engage human-interaction schemas in human-robot interactions, so notions of prototypicality are useful in examining how interactions’ formal features shape perceptions of social robots. We argue for a typology of three higher-order interaction forms (social, task, play) comprising identifiable-but-variable patterns in agents, content, structures, outcomes, context, norms. From that ground, we examined whether participants’ judgments about a social robot (mind, morality, and trust perceptions) differed across prototypical interactions. Findings indicate interaction forms somewhat influence trust but not mind or morality evaluations. However, how participants perceived interactions (independent of form) were more impactful. In particular, perceived task interactions fostered functional …

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Voice-Based Agents As Personified Things: Assimilation And Accommodation As Equilibration Of Doubt, Katrin Etzrodt, Sven Engesser Apr 2021

Voice-Based Agents As Personified Things: Assimilation And Accommodation As Equilibration Of Doubt, Katrin Etzrodt, Sven Engesser

Human-Machine Communication

We aim to investigate the nature of doubt regarding voice-based agents by referring to Piaget’s ontological object–subject classification “thing” and “person,” its associated equilibration processes, and influential factors of the situation, the user, and the agent. In two online surveys, we asked 853 and 435 participants, ranging from 17 to 65 years of age, to assess Alexa and the Google Assistant. We discovered that only some people viewed voice-based agents as mere things, whereas the majority classified them into personified things. However, their classification is fragile and depends basically on the imputation of subject-like attributes of agency and mind to …

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Social Responses To Media Technologies In The 21st Century: The Media Are Social Actors Paradigm, Matthew Lombard, Kun Xu Apr 2021

Social Responses To Media Technologies In The 21st Century: The Media Are Social Actors Paradigm, Matthew Lombard, Kun Xu

Human-Machine Communication

Clifford Nass and his colleagues proposed the Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) paradigm in the 1990s and demonstrated that we treat computers in some of the ways we treat humans. To account for technological advances and to refine explanations for CASA results, this paper proposes the Media Are Social Actors (MASA) paradigm. We begin by distinguishing the roles of primary and secondary cues in evoking medium-as-social-actor presence and social responses. We then discuss the roles of individual differences and contextual factors in these responses and identify mindless and mindful anthropomorphism as two major complementary mechanisms for understanding MASA phenomena. Based …

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Moving Ahead With Human-Machine Communication, Leopoldina Fortunati, Autumn P. Edwards Apr 2021

Moving Ahead With Human-Machine Communication, Leopoldina Fortunati, Autumn P. Edwards

Human-Machine Communication

In this essay, we introduce the 10 articles comprising Volume 2 (2021) of Human-Machine Communication, each of which is innovative and offers a substantial contribution to the field of human-machine communication (HMC). As a collection, these articles move forward the HMC project by touching on four layers of important discourse: (1) updates to theoretical frameworks and paradigms, including Computers as Social Actors (CASA), (2) examination of ontology and prototyping processes, (3) critical analysis of gender and ability/disability relations, and (4) extension of HMC scholarship into organizational contexts. Building upon the insights offered by the contributing authors and incorporating perspectives …

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Some Letters To His Parents By A Floridian In The Confederate Army, Gilbert Wright Apr 2021

Some Letters To His Parents By A Floridian In The Confederate Army, Gilbert Wright

Florida Historical Quarterly

The nineteen to twenty-two-year-old author of the letters that follow was destined, after the Civil War, to become a distinguished citizen of his native state. His death in 1908 was mourned by many hundreds “in all walks of life.” He had been active for more than forty years in the railroad enterprise, so important to the development of Florida. His rise in a few decades from clerk to first vice president in the Florida railroad world gave evidence that he possessed qualities for leadership. One may perceive, without reading between the lines, that the young soldier had these qualities.

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Letters From The Second Seminole War, John K. Mahon Apr 2021

Letters From The Second Seminole War, John K. Mahon

Florida Historical Quarterly

These pages are built around fragments drawn from the letters and diary entries written by Joseph R. Smith. They contain nothing important enough to require a reinterpretation of the Second Seminole War, 1835-1842; indeed they have little significance except that they enlarge the printed record left by the people who lived at that time. This record helps us, in spite of the one hundred and thirty years lying between, to bring to life their interesting era.

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Florida Reconstruction Impeachments, Cortez A. M. Ewing Apr 2021

Florida Reconstruction Impeachments, Cortez A. M. Ewing

Florida Historical Quarterly

The impeachment of Governor Harrison Reed not only contributes an interesting chapter to the history of Reconstruction but it also offers a number of novel precedents to the history of American impeachments. Throughout his gubernatorial term (1868-1872), Reed fought a consistent and courageous struggle against carpetbag politicians in Florida. I know of no other state or national civil officer against whom the impeachment remedy was so frequently attempted. On four occasions, he was threatened with legislative removal. Twice the lower house passed impeachment resolutions. Finally, in the last year of his term, his enemies voted a bona fide and legal …

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Letters Of A Carpetbagger In Florida, 1866-1869, George E. Osborn Apr 2021

Letters Of A Carpetbagger In Florida, 1866-1869, George E. Osborn

Florida Historical Quarterly

These letters, written by Daniel Richards to Elihu B. Washburne, throw considerable light on the hectic days of Reconstruction in Florida. Not only do these friendly messages reveal much of what the author actually witnessed of the United States military occupation in the peninsula state but a number of referenes are made to the chaotic economic conditions which existed generally at that time. Although Florida had fewer Negroes in proportion to population than some of the former Confederate states, the problem of relations between the races was one with great complexities. At least some of the obstacles to the establishment …

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Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola, Edwin C. Bearrs Apr 2021

Civil War Operations In And Around Pensacola, Edwin C. Bearrs

Florida Historical Quarterly

Entering Pensacola Harbor from the Gulf of Mexico in 1861 one would have seen, as he crossed the ba , Fort McRee immediately on his left on the main land or west shore of the bay and to the right Fort Pickens on the western extremity of Santa Rosa Island. This island, lying approximately parallel to the shore of the mainland, is nearly forty miles long and is separated from the mainland by Pensacola Bay. On the mainland opposite Fort Pickens and at a distance of about one and one-half miles stood Fort Barrancas and about another one and one-half …

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The Civil War Letters Of August Henry Mathers, Franklin A. Doty Apr 2021

The Civil War Letters Of August Henry Mathers, Franklin A. Doty

Florida Historical Quarterly

The writer of the letters which follow was born in Monticello, Florida, on April 25, 1825, the son of William Henry Mathers, Jr., and Elizabeth Clarke Mathers. The details of his early education are not known. He was married on October 28, 1848, to Mary Ann Cooper, daughter of Dr. James A. Cooper, originally of Farmington, Georgia, and Elizabeth White Cooper. The young couple lived a while in Madison, Florida, before removing to Micanopy where Mathers, together with his father-m-law, opened a drug store in 1853, known in later years as the “Old Reliable Micanopy Drug Store.”

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of Latin America, A History. By Alfred Barnaby Thomas. (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1956. xiii, 801, pp. $6.50.); Reminiscences of Big I. By William Nathaniel Wood. Edited by Bell Irvin Wiley. (Jackson, Tenn., McCowat-Mercer Press, 1956. 138 pp. Illustrations, appendix. $3.95.); Steamboats in the Hyacinths. By Ella Teague de Berard. (Daytona Beach, College Publishing Company, 1956. 64 pp. $2.00.)

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Indian Presents: To Give Or Not To Give: Governor Whites's Quandary, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

Indian Presents: To Give Or Not To Give: Governor Whites's Quandary, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the close of the Eighteenth Century the use of presents to obtain loyalty, friendship, neutrality or allegiance was an old story to the nations of Western Europe, dating back to the days of the Greeks and Romans. Later presents were employed for the same purpose in the feudal period and in the campaigns of the Crusaders in the Holy Land. In the early years of the modern era the Portugese used presents to obtain peaceful entry into African ports as prelude to the slave trade. And finally presents were employed in the Americas by all the colonizing powers as …

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The Trials Of Captain Don Isidoro De Leon, Lucy L. Wenhold Apr 2021

The Trials Of Captain Don Isidoro De Leon, Lucy L. Wenhold

Florida Historical Quarterly

Few historians can tell you what Florida was like in 1745. Yet those were the days when the governor of the province spoke of “the terror men feel when they even hear the name of Florida,” and swore to defend it “to the last drop of my blood.”

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Alabama And West Florida, Hugh C. Bailey Apr 2021

Alabama And West Florida, Hugh C. Bailey

Florida Historical Quarterly

Even before the Alabama Territory came into being, the inhabitants of the area north of West Florida coveted the land which lies west of the Apalachicola River. As early as 1811 two hundred sixty three residents of the Mississippi Territory petitioned the Congress of the United States to add West Florida to their jurisdiction. Not only would this give the territory sufficient population for admission to statehood, they asserted, but it would promote the interests of the people of both sections. After pointing out that many of the rivers of the Mississippi country flowed through West Florida, the petitioners stated …

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The Florida Plan: An Ante-Bellum Effort To Control Cotton Sales, Weymouth T. Jordan Apr 2021

The Florida Plan: An Ante-Bellum Effort To Control Cotton Sales, Weymouth T. Jordan

Florida Historical Quarterly

For a number of years historians have been familiar with the work of the so-called commercial conventions which were held in the South during the pre-Civil War period. Three professional studies have been written on the subject of these conventions. These conventions had their beginnings during the troubled times of the panic of 1837; the first one met in 1839; most of them convened during the 1850’s. They were held in the leading cities of the Old South; they were attended by hundreds of men seeking to promote what has come to be known as “southern nationalism;” they did a …

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News And Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

News And Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Gifts, news of the Society, local and regional historical societies

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The Background Of The Greek Settlers In The New Smyrna Colony, E. P. Panagopoulos Apr 2021

The Background Of The Greek Settlers In The New Smyrna Colony, E. P. Panagopoulos

Florida Historical Quarterly

Andrew Turnbull, the principal founder of the New Smyrna Colony, was not the first who thought of bringing Greeks to people Florida. Immediately after the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which transferred Florida into British hands, William Knox, in a memorial to Whitehall, had already made this suggestion in a very convincing way. Knox, who later was Under-Secretary of State for American Affairs from 1770 to 1782, made, in his memorial, a detailed analysis of conditions and possibilities of the newly acquired Province of Florida. Attempting to solve the urgent problem of peopling this area, completely depopulated after the departure …

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Minutes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

Minutes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Minutes from the directors meeting

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St. Paul’S Church In Quincy, Florida, During The Territorial Period, Edward B. Gearhart Apr 2021

St. Paul’S Church In Quincy, Florida, During The Territorial Period, Edward B. Gearhart

Florida Historical Quarterly

The development and the growth of the Episcopal Church in Quincy, Florida, and in all Florida, has been best related through the stories of the church leaders whether they were the parish rectors or, in all too few cases, able laymen. For a clear understanding of the life of St. Paul’s Church in Quincy during territorial Florida, three periods must be kept in mind. First, there was the long period of development into a congregation; second, there was the founding of the church and its growth under a rector in residence; last, and most important, were the situations that affected, …

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Osceola’S Coats?, William C. Sturtevant Apr 2021

Osceola’S Coats?, William C. Sturtevant

Florida Historical Quarterly

A surprising number of Osceola’s personal possessions have survived to the present, a circumstance no doubt attributable to his fame during life and to the fact that he died in captivity. Goggin (1955; see Bibliography following) has located and carefully described four items of Osceola’s clothing and jewelry, and has compared them with their pictorial representation in Osceola portraits. The four pieces are not only the oldest documented Seminole examples of their types, but are among the oldest dated Seminole ethnographic specimens of any kind. Hence they are important for the study of the history of Seminole material culture, as …

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Mission To The Creek Indians In 1794, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

Mission To The Creek Indians In 1794, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

So much effort has been directed to the story of the resolving of the post-Revolutionary War problems of the United States and Great Britain that insufficient attention has been paid to equally vexing problems with Spain and her allies, the southern Indians. In some respects this is not strange for even during the 1790’s, the attention of the American people was directed toward Great Britain for it was with this nation that the new republic’s economic future was most intimately associated. The two decades subsequent to the birth of the new nation saw constant friction along the Florida-Georgia frontier which …

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In Defense Of Doing Nothing, Bree Watson Apr 2021

In Defense Of Doing Nothing, Bree Watson

UCF Forum

Are you always doing something? Always working, studying, reading, writing, clicking, typing, teaching, meeting, Zooming, cooking, cleaning, washing, wiping, folding, planning, prepping or just plain worrying?

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Andrew Jackson Vs. The Spanish Governor, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. Apr 2021

Andrew Jackson Vs. The Spanish Governor, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

For more than one hundred years Andrew Jackson has been to writers of American history an exciting, inspiring, controversial, or shameful figure - according to the varying beliefs of those many writers. This writer, in recent issues of this Quarterly, has reexamined Jackson’s Florida career in two articles which were suggested by several previously unpublished Jackson letters. Several new letters coming to light have suggested a more detailed look at some of the ground covered in those earlier articles, specifically, the sources of hostility between Jackson and the last Spanish governor of West Florida, Jose Callava. Some historians have looked …

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Archeology Of The Tampa Bay Area, Ripley P. Bullen Apr 2021

Archeology Of The Tampa Bay Area, Ripley P. Bullen

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Tampa Bay region includes the west coast of Florida from Tarpon Springs to Sarasota, or the three counties of Pinellas, Hillsborough, and Manatee; and its archeology is better known than that of any comparable region of the State. Nevertheless, in spite of the large amount of work which has been done on this area, there are many lacunae in our data. We are just beginning to glimpse the dynamics involved, and much work is required before we will have an adequate understanding of the prehistory of this area.

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Florida History In Spanish Archives: Reproductions At The University Of Florida, Charles W. Arnade Apr 2021

Florida History In Spanish Archives: Reproductions At The University Of Florida, Charles W. Arnade

Florida Historical Quarterly

Spanish records distinguish themselves for their great length; the flow of words seems endless, the innumerable details not always to the point. They lack any businesslike method. Although every imaginable problem is discussed, if one reads the Spanish archives of Florida he is amazed to find that, for instance, little or nothing is said about the attractiveness of the country. Rarely one tells about her beautiful beaches, her waving palms, her unexcelled climate and the fertility of her soil. The Spanish records of Florida are not recommended for use by present-day chambers of commerce except to give a historical flavor …

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