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Honoring The Confederacy In Northwest Florida: The Confederate Monument Ritual, W. Stuart Towns Dec 2021

Honoring The Confederacy In Northwest Florida: The Confederate Monument Ritual, W. Stuart Towns

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the major ceremonial events in the post-Civil War South was the dedication of monuments raised to the honor and memory of Confederate soldiers. Many communities underwrote fund-raising drives for statues and monuments. If a local area could not boast of an authentic hero, they dedicated their monument to the “Confederacy,” or the “Boys in Gray,” or the “Private Soldier.” Each unveiling ritual involved the same essential ingredients: a parade through the city streets to the site, several brief welcoming addresses by local dignitaries, some musical selections “appropriate to the occasion,” a poem or two by the local town …

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Rebellion In East Florida In 1795, Janice Borton Miller Dec 2021

Rebellion In East Florida In 1795, Janice Borton Miller

Florida Historical Quarterly

Soon after East Florida was returned to Spain by the British following the American Revolution, a governmental structure was established with headquarters in St. Augustine. The first governor of this second Spanish period, Don Vizente Manuel de Zespedes, carried out the complex process of transferring jurisdiction. Thus by 1790, when the second governor, Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada, arrived in the province most of the English settlers had emigrated and Spanish institutions-government, trade, church, and school-were operating. St. Augustine was a town of approximately 1,862 persons, of whom 450 were in the military and about 412 were slaves.

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Beginnings Of Popular Government In Florida, Allen Morris Dec 2021

Beginnings Of Popular Government In Florida, Allen Morris

Florida Historical Quarterly

As a soldier in Florida, Andrew Jackson asserted powers that stirred international protest. As a civil governor in Florida, Jackson worried about his use of lawful authority. Until Congress would establish a government for the territories of East and West Florida, Jackson took over the interim administration under a commission as governor of the Floridas, exercising “all the powers and authorities heretofore exercised by the Governor and Captain General and Intendant of Cuba, and by the Governors of East and West Florida within the said provinces respectively.“

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Cyrus Teed And The Lee County Elections Of 1906, Elliott Mackle Dec 2021

Cyrus Teed And The Lee County Elections Of 1906, Elliott Mackle

Florida Historical Quarterly

Dr. Cyrus R. Teed seldom used a single word when an ornate phrase would do. By temperament he was an orator. The length of his sermons was cut to nineteenth-century fashion. His lectures on scripture were notable not only for novelty of doctrine and idiosyncrasy of interpretation but for supreme grandiloquence. Nor did his style differ much in private discourse. Conversation was to him but the beginning of monologue. Simple questions invariably called up complex answers.

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A New Guide To Sources Of Spanish Florida History, D. Lorne Mcwatters Dec 2021

A New Guide To Sources Of Spanish Florida History, D. Lorne Mcwatters

Florida Historical Quarterly

Research into Spanish Borderlands history received major impetus from a recent National Endowment for the Humanities grant to the P. K. Yonge Library of Florida History, University of Florida, Gainesville. In August 1977, the Endowment awarded $127,000 to the Yonge Library to initiate a three-year project to prepare a guide to the Florida Borderlands collection. The Spanish Florida Borderlands Project represents the first concerted effort to organize and make these materials accessible.

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Torment Of Pestilence: Yellow Fever Epidemics In Pensacola, George F. Pearce Dec 2021

Torment Of Pestilence: Yellow Fever Epidemics In Pensacola, George F. Pearce

Florida Historical Quarterly

For more than a century, yellow fever epidemics intermittently swept over Pensacola, Florida, producing a high mortality, disrupting its economic and social life, dividing community leaders and medical authorities over courses of action in combatting them, causing untold numbers to flee, some permanently, and keeping those who remained in a state of demoralizing terror. The approach of summer each year invariably brought with it the fear of a repetition of the dreadful experience. This atmosphere of apprehension and utter helplessness was nourished by ignorance about the origin, transmission, and prevention of the disease. It was not until 1900 that medical …

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The Menendez Marquez Cattle Barony At La Chua And The Determinants Of Economic Expansion In Seventeenth-Century Florida, Amy Bushnell Dec 2021

The Menendez Marquez Cattle Barony At La Chua And The Determinants Of Economic Expansion In Seventeenth-Century Florida, Amy Bushnell

Florida Historical Quarterly

Spanish Florida has the historical reputation of a bleak and unfriendly place, unproductive, impoverished, and unhealthy, where governors and soldiers, friars and passive Indian converts were unable to defend their own borders, much less make the land self-sustaining. The doleful letters from officials of the colony about the lateness or inadequacy of the garrison’s situado have made an impact on researchers, if they did not on the Crown. In recent years, however, examples of economic activity have been examined that belie this picture of total dependency. There were times during the seventeenth century when Spanish Florida approached self-sufficiency and was …

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The Ambush Of Captain John Williams, U.S.M.C.: Failure Of The East Florida Invasion, 1812-1813, J. H. Alexander Dec 2021

The Ambush Of Captain John Williams, U.S.M.C.: Failure Of The East Florida Invasion, 1812-1813, J. H. Alexander

Florida Historical Quarterly

Twelve-mile Swamp lies northwest of St. Augustine between Interstate 95 and U.S. Highway 1, the old King’s Road. The heavily wooded swamp, named for its approximate distance from St. Augustine, is a forbidding area of cypress bogs and palmetto thickets. The swamp has probably changed little since 1812 when, in one violent half-hour, it became the focal point of an extraordinary, undeclared military contest between the United States and Spain.

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A Free Facetious Gentleman, Jean Savy, Double Agent?, Aileen Moore Topping Dec 2021

A Free Facetious Gentleman, Jean Savy, Double Agent?, Aileen Moore Topping

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Spanish minister, Don Joseph Patino, had read other accounts of the alarming growth of the new English colony called Georgia. He recalled the Franciscan friar’s report of a conversation with an Indian chief who had been brought to England from Georgia by Mr. James Oglethorpe. The chief had stated that the English would use his people to capture San Augustin de la Florida. A French engineer who had come to Madrid to solicit payment for past service in the Indies had presented a description of present conditions in Cuba, Florida, and Carolina. He had learned in South Carolina that …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

CRACKER MESSIAH: GOVERNOR SIDNEY J. CATTS OF FLORIDA, by Wayne Flynt, reviewed by Dewey W. Grantham; FLORIDA TERRITORY IN 1844: THE DIARY OF MASTER EDWARD C. ANDERSON, UNITED STATES NAVY, edited by W. Stanley Hoole, reviewed by George E. Buker; PROCEEDINGS OF THE GULF COAST HISTORY AND HUMANITIES CONFERENCE, VOLUME VI, THE CULTURAL LEGACY OF THE GULF COAST, 1870-1940, edited by Lucius F. Ellsworth and Linda V. Ellsworth, reviewed by Gloria Jahoda; GOLD, GALLEONS AND ARCHAEOLOGY: A HISTORY OF THE 1715 SPANISH PLATE FLEET AND THE TRUE STORY OF THE GREAT FLORIDA TREASURE FIND, by Robert F. Burgess and Carl …

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Bernardo De Galvez's Combat Diary For The Battle Of Pensacola, 1781, Maury Baker Dec 2021

Bernardo De Galvez's Combat Diary For The Battle Of Pensacola, 1781, Maury Baker

Florida Historical Quarterly

There are four contemporary versions, three Spanish and one English, of the events leading to the Spanish capture of English-held Pensacola, May 8, 1781. A long line of scholars have written about it, using archival sources in Spain and England. The last of them, N. Orwin Rush, in his incisive and valuable monograph, Spain’s Final Triumph Over Great Britain in the Gulf of Mexico: The Battle of Pensacola, March 9 to May 8, 1781, relied heavily upon the diary of Bernardo de Galvez, which was believed to be available only in its printed version.

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Civil War Letters Of Major General James Patton Anderson, Margaret Anderson Uhler Dec 2021

Civil War Letters Of Major General James Patton Anderson, Margaret Anderson Uhler

Florida Historical Quarterly

In a time when patriotism was among the greatest of American virtues, few men pursued it more passionately than General James Patton Anderson of the Confederate army. Born in Winchester, Franklin County, Tennessee, February 16, 1822, he was the son of Margaret Adair and Colonel William Preston Anderson, a veteran of the War of 1812. His maternal grandfather was General John Adair, a hero in both the American Revolution and the War of 1812, and the eighth governor of Kentucky.

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A Love-Mad Man: Senator Charles W. Jones Of Florida, Judy Nicholas Etemadi Dec 2021

A Love-Mad Man: Senator Charles W. Jones Of Florida, Judy Nicholas Etemadi

Florida Historical Quarterly

Following ten years of service in the United States Senate, Charles W. Jones of Pensacola was in a strong position to serve Florida when the forty-ninth Congress convened on December 7, 1885. As an Irish immigrant, he had used his background to aid Grover Cleveland’s successful 1884 presidential campaign. A publicized trip to Ireland in the summer of 1883 and addresses to large audiences of Irish-Americans had channelled votes to the Democratic party. As a result, Jones was regarded as a leader in the party. The inauguration of a Democratic president, whose campaign he had materially assisted, vaulted Jones into …

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Children Of Honor: Letters Of Winston And Octavia Stephens, 1861-1862, Ellen E. Hodges Dec 2021

Children Of Honor: Letters Of Winston And Octavia Stephens, 1861-1862, Ellen E. Hodges

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the Florida secession convention voted in January 1861 to withdraw the state from the Union, it made a fateful decision, the consequences of which its members scarcely understood. The lives of Floridians, white and black, would be fundamentally altered-at first almost imperceptably, then with increasing speed and force-by the action of the delegates. Typical in many ways of those citizens whose lives would be completely altered by secession and civil strife was a young couple from Welaka in Putnam County-Octavia and Winston Stephens.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

LEMON CITY: PIONEERING ON BISCAYNE BAY, 1850-1925, by Thelma Peters, reviewed by John D. Pennekamp; EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FLORIDA: LIFE ON THE FRONTIER, edited by Samuel Proctor, reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; PRESENCIA HISPANICA EN LA FLORIDA, AYER Y HOY: 1513-1976, edited by José Augustín Balseire, reviewed by Bruce S. Chappell; PARADE OF MEMORIES: A HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY, FLORIDA, by Arch Frederic Blakey, reviewed by George E. Buker; SPAIN: FORGOTTEN ALLY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, by Buchanan Parker Thomson, reviewed by Aileen Moore Topping; THE IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ABROAD: PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE FOURTH SYMPOSIUM, MAY 8 AND …

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Letters From A Journey Through The Federal Blockade, 1861-1862, Thomas Graham Dec 2021

Letters From A Journey Through The Federal Blockade, 1861-1862, Thomas Graham

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Civil War was only nine months old in January 1862, and many persons, North and South, still clung to the hope the war would soon be over. Florida was a long distance away from where the major military and political decisions affecting her future were being made. There had been little activity since the tumultuous early weeks of the war when the Confederacy took over many of the Federal installations within the state. Some of the more important fortifications like those at Key West and Fort Pickens in Pensacola were to be denied to the Confederates throughout the war. …

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A New England Emigrant Aid Company Agent In Postwar Florida: Selected Letters Of James F. B. Marshall, 1867, Patricia P. Clark Dec 2021

A New England Emigrant Aid Company Agent In Postwar Florida: Selected Letters Of James F. B. Marshall, 1867, Patricia P. Clark

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the New England Emigrant Aid Company, seeking to revitalize its colonizing enterprises after the Civil War, considered Florida as a prime location for northern settlers, the officers sent James F. B. Marshall on a scouting tour of the state. A native New Englander, former Hawaiian businessman, and paymaster general of Massachusetts troops, Marshall had volunteered for the assignment shortly after his election to the company’s board of directors in November 1866. Before he left Boston for a New York departure on December 18, Marshall was given a letter of instructions drafted by President John Murray Forbes and Vice President …

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Cuban Revolutionaries And Monroe County Reconstruction Politics, 1868-1876, Gerald E. Poyo Dec 2021

Cuban Revolutionaries And Monroe County Reconstruction Politics, 1868-1876, Gerald E. Poyo

Florida Historical Quarterly

The intricate historical relationship between the United States and Cuba has traditionally fostered intimate contacts between segments of their populations. Florida has served as the primary stage upon which the two cultures have confronted and coexisted. Although the post-Castro immigration has dominated the attention of those interested in tracing Cuban contributions to the development of the state, it should be emphasized that the Cuban presence in Florida has been equally important during earlier periods.

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The Alachua Trail: A Reconstruction, Burke G. Vanderhill Dec 2021

The Alachua Trail: A Reconstruction, Burke G. Vanderhill

Florida Historical Quarterly

Among numerous Indian pathways forming a network within the American Southeast at the time of European contact was one which led southward from the Altamaha River of Georgia to the Alachua country of Florida. (Fig. 1) This “Alachua Trail” was well known in the colonial period, a fact pointing to long aboriginal use. Today however the trail is unmarked and generally lost to memory, and only rare and tantalizingly brief references to it appear in the historical record.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.; PELTS, PLUMES, AND HIDES: WHITE TRADERS AMONG THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, 1870-1930, by Harry A. Kersey, Jr., reviewed by James O. Buswell; ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE VACA: THE FORGOTTEN CHRONICLER, by José B. Fernández, reviewed by Jack D. L. Holmes; FLORIDA’S CRISIS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION: CHANGING PATTERNS OF LEADERSHIP, by Arthur O. White, reviewed by Wayne J. Urban; THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF KEY MARCO, FLORIDA, by Marion Spjut Gilliland, reviewed by Jerald T. Milanich; THE INVASION OF AMERICA: INDIANS, COLONIALISM, AND THE CANT OF CONQUEST, by Francis …

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New Numbers For The Stetson Collection, Paul E. Hoffman Dec 2021

New Numbers For The Stetson Collection, Paul E. Hoffman

Florida Historical Quarterly

Ever since the Archivo General de Indias (Archive of the Indies or AGI) was renumbered in 1929, users of the John B. Stetson, Jr. Collection of photostats in the P. K. Yonge Library of Florida History, University of Florida, Gainesville, and of other pre-1929 collections of copies from the AGI have been at a disadvantage in citing those copies. Prior to 1929, the bundles (legajos) of the AGI were numbered according to a system of stack, shelf, bundle (estante, cajón, legajo) whose typical form was “54-2-1.” These numbers were replaced with serial numbers within each ramo (literally “branch”) of the …

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Captain Hugh Young And His 1818 Topographical Memoir To Andrew Jackson, Ernest F. Dibble Dec 2021

Captain Hugh Young And His 1818 Topographical Memoir To Andrew Jackson, Ernest F. Dibble

Florida Historical Quarterly

When General Andrew Jackson campaigned through West Florida and took possession of Pensacola in 1818, he was traveling through territory not previously explored and mapped by an American. To traverse this territory with his army, he had to depend upon receiving extensive topographical information. For this he relied upon the surveys provided at the time by Captain Hugh Young, assistant topographical engineer and fellow Tennessean.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.; PELTS, PLUMES, AND HIDES: WHITE TRADERS AMONG THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, 1870-1930, by Harry A. Kersey, Jr., reviewed by James O. Buswell; ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE VACA: THE FORGOTTEN CHRONICLER, by José B. Fernández, reviewed by Jack D. L. Holmes; FLORIDA’S CRISIS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION: CHANGING PATTERNS OF LEADERSHIP, by Arthur O. White, reviewed by Wayne J. Urban; THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF KEY MARCO, FLORIDA, by Marion Spjut Gilliland, reviewed by Jerald T. Milanich; THE INVASION OF AMERICA: INDIANS, COLONIALISM, AND THE CANT OF CONQUEST, by Francis …

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History News, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Confederation of Florida Historical Societies Workshop, Jacksonville History Conference, Gulf Coast History and Humanities Conference, John Gorrie State Museum, AASLH Consultant Service, Announcements and Activities

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Race Relations And Florida Gubernatorial Politics Since The Brown Decision, David R. Colburn Dec 2021

Race Relations And Florida Gubernatorial Politics Since The Brown Decision, David R. Colburn

Florida Historical Quarterly

The United States Supreme Court, on May 17, 1954, delivered its famous Brown decision which forbade separate public school systems for black and white children. Reaction throughout most of the South was swift, and among public officials it ranged from hostility and bitterness to mild anger. Georgia’s Governor Herman Talmadge was perhaps the most outspoken in his opposition to the decree: “The United States Supreme Court by its decision today has reduced our Constitution to a mere scrap of paper.” Mississippi’s Senator James Eastland was scarcely less vitriolic: “The South will not abide by nor obey this legislative decision by …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, by J. Leitch Wright, Jr., reviewed by Don Higginbotham; THE FUNNEL OF GOLD, by Mendel Peterson, reviewed by Eugene Lyon; THE SEA SHELL ISLANDS: A HISTORY OF SANIBEL AND CAPTIVA by Elinore M. Dormer, reviewed by E. A. Hammond; THE EDUCATION OF BLACK PEOPLE IN FLORIDA, by J. Irving E. Scott, reviewed by Harry A. Kersey, Jr.; A HISTORY OF THE OLD SOUTH: THE EMERGENCE OF A RELUCTANT NATION, by Clement Eaton, reviewed by George R. Bentley; ORIGINS OF A SOUTHERN MOSAIC: STUDIES OF EARLY CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, by Clarence L. Ver Steeg, reviewed by …

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Florida History In Periodicals, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Florida History In Periodicals, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

This selected bibliography includes scholarly articles in the fields of Florida history, archeology, geography, and anthropology published in state, regional, and national periodicals in 1975. Articles, notes and documents which have appeared in the Florida Historical Quarterly are not included in this listing since they appear in the annual index of each volume. The present listing also includes articles appearing in journals not published on schedule and which were not included in the list published in the July 1975 issue of the Quarterly.

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Visit To The Indian Nations: The Diary Of John Hambly, Daniel J. J. Ross Dec 2021

Visit To The Indian Nations: The Diary Of John Hambly, Daniel J. J. Ross

Florida Historical Quarterly

The early years of the second Spanish period in East Florida constituted a time for transition from British to Spanish administration, and for the establishment of relations between the new Spanish regime and its Indian and Georgian neighbors. These adjustments were carried out under the administration of Governor Vicente Manuel de Zéspedes. His successor, Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada, sought to create an intelligence system so as to learn about events and conditions in the South and among the Indians.

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The Struggle For Free Trade In East Florida And The Cédula Of 1793, Janice Borton Miller Dec 2021

The Struggle For Free Trade In East Florida And The Cédula Of 1793, Janice Borton Miller

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of Spain's most critical weaknesses in her effort to hold on to her empire in America in the eighteenth century was her incapacity to produce supplies necessary for her colonists. The Industrial Revolution provided England with goods in universal demand, but Spain had few industrial machines. Nevertheless, she was convinced that control of the trade of her empire brought in the highest profits for both home and colonial markets and provided the stimulus the colonial economies needed for their prosperity.

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Slave Unrest In Florida, Ray Granade Dec 2021

Slave Unrest In Florida, Ray Granade

Florida Historical Quarterly

White Floridian, like other Southerners in the years before the Civil War, usually spoke of slave revolts in low, fearful voices. While their words indicated concern for the security of the group, their interest was essentially a personal one. They wondered how really safe they and their families were in the constant presence of vast numbers of servile blacks. Yet slave unrest involved more than insurrection. Murders, burglary, arson, rape, trespass were all crimes that an individual slave might commit even though he was not involved in an organized revolt. Floridians recognized these threats to their lives and property, yet …

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