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An Integrated Free School In Civil War Florida, Gerald Schwartz Dec 2021

An Integrated Free School In Civil War Florida, Gerald Schwartz

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the Federal occupation of Jacksonville in February 1864, an attempt was made by Dr. Esther Hill Hawks, an abolitionist lady from New Hampshire, to operate there the state’s first racially integrated free school. This kind of an integrated facility, fleeting though it proved to be, was among the first in any southern state.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

JOSÉ DE EZPELETA, GOBERNADOR DE LA MOBILA, 1780-1781, by Francisco de Borja Medina Rojas, reviewed by Robin F. A. Fabel; SUN, SAND AND WATER: A HISTORY OF THE JACKSONVILLE DISTRICT U. S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1821-1975, by George E. Buker, reviewed by Nelson M. Blake; THE WESTWARD ENTERPRISE: ENGLISH ACTIVITIES IN IRELAND, THE ATLANTIC AND AMERICA, 1480-1650, edited by K. R. Andrews, N. P. Canny, and P. E. H. Hair, reviewed by Eugene Lyon; LETTERS OF DELEGATES TO CONGRESS, 1774-1789, VOLUME 5, AUGUST 16-DECEMBER 31, 1776, edited by Paul H. Smith, Gerard W. Gawalt, Rosemark Fry Plakas, and Eugene …

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Engineers Vs Florida's Green Menace, George E. Buker Dec 2021

Engineers Vs Florida's Green Menace, George E. Buker

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the late 1880s or early 1890s (sources are vague as to the exact time), people living along the St. Johns River were enthralled by the addition of a beautiful floating water plant to the river’s scenery. Above a luxuriant green base towered a spike of purple flowers. Steamboat operators were pleased when the tourists admired the drifting bouquets gliding by their vessels. Cattlemen along the river were enthused at the prospect of a new cheap fodder for their stock. They gathered bundles of the floating greenery to carry upriver for propagation in their ponds and streams. Mr. Fuller, owner …

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Tampa And The New Urban South: The Weight Strike Of 1899, Gary R. Mormino Dec 2021

Tampa And The New Urban South: The Weight Strike Of 1899, Gary R. Mormino

Florida Historical Quarterly

"The decade of the nineties is the watershed of American history," wrote Henry Steele Commager in The American Mind. The case of Tampa, Florida, in this period reinforces Commager’s suggestive thesis that the ten years before the beginning of the twentieth century ushered in modern values accompanied by a profound population change, economic transformation, and urban problems. War, immigration, urbanization, racial turmoil, labor strife, and industrialization— crises of the nineties— helped forge the transformation of Tampa during this era which resulted in the 1899 “Huelga de la Pesa,” (the Weight Strike) and its aftermath.

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

ABORIGINAL SUBSISTENCE TECHNOLOGY ON THE SOUTHEASTERNCOASTAL PLAIN DURING THE LATE PREHISTORIC PERIOD, by Lewis H. Larson, reviewed by Elizabeth J. Reitz; THIS SO REMOTE FRONTIER: THE CHATTAHOOCHEE COUNTRY OF ALABAMA AND GEORGIA, by Mark E. Fretwell, reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, by William N. Morgan, reviewed by Jerald T. Milanich; THE SPANISH CROWN AND THE DEFENSE OF THE CARIBBEAN, 1535-1585: PRECEDENT, PATRIMONIALISM, AND ROYAL PARSIMONY, by Paul E. Hoffman, reviewed by Stanley M. Hordes; FIREARMS IN COLONIAL AMERICA: THE IMPACT ON HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY, 1495-1792, by M. L. Brown, reviewed by Albert …

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Florida Seminoles And The Census Of 1900, Harry A. Kersey, Jr. Dec 2021

Florida Seminoles And The Census Of 1900, Harry A. Kersey, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the most persistent problems confronting historians dealing with the Seminole Indians in Florida during the late-nineteenth century has been a paucity of reliable population data. In the first four decades of the modern tribal era, the years following cessation of the Third Seminole War in 1858, there was only one attempt at a comprehensive account of Florida Seminoles. That was a survey conducted in the winter of 1880-1881 by Clay MacCauley for the Smithsonian Institution, which yielded what has become the generally accepted base line population figures. He found 208 Seminoles residing in the state, the unhappy remnant …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA’S POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT, edited by Manning J. Dauer, reviewed by Charlton W. Tebeau; FLORIDA’S AVIATION HISTORY: THE FIRST 100 YEARS, by Warren J. Brown, reviewed by John P. Ingle, Jr.; FLORIDA ARCHAEOLOGY, by Jerald T. Milanich and Charles H. Fairbanks, reviewed by Stephen J. Gluckman; THE REVOLUTION REMEMBERED: EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS OF THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE, edited by John C. Dann, reviewed by Geraldine M. Meroney; CORRESPONDENCE OF JAMES K. POLK. VOLUME V, 1839-1841, edited by Wayne Cutler, reviewed by Joseph H. Parks; VIOLENCE AND CULTURE IN THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH, by Dickson D. Bruce, Jr., reviewed by Ernest M. Lander, …

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War Clouds On The Mississippi: Spain's 1785 Crisis In West Florida, Gilbert C. Din Dec 2021

War Clouds On The Mississippi: Spain's 1785 Crisis In West Florida, Gilbert C. Din

Florida Historical Quarterly

"I look forward to a time, not very far distant, when . . . the whole [of Georgia] will be settled and connected . . . to the banks of the Mississippi." Judge George Walton of Wilkes County, Georgia, who spoke these words in 1785, visualized the expansion of his state after the assembly had that year enacted a law for the erection of Bourbon County on the Mississippi’s east bank. The new county extended along the Father of Waters from the Yazoo River to the thirty-first parallel. In creating it, Georgia based itself on the 1783 peace treaty with …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

LA POBLACION DE LUISIANA ESPANOLA (1763-1803), by Antonio Acosta Rodríguez, reviewed by Paul E. Hoffman; FIFTY YEARS OF PLEASURE: THE ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PUBLIX SUPER MARKETS, INC., by Pat Watters, reviewed by Charlton W. Tebeau; ARCHEOLOGY AND A SCIENCE OF MAN, by Wilfred T. Neill, reviewed by John W. Griffin; DISCOVERING AMERICA, 1700-1875, by Henry Savage, Jr., reviewed by Richard A. Bartlett; THE PAPERS OF HENRY LAURENS, VOLUME SEVEN: AUG. 1, 1769-OCT. 9, 1771, edited by George C. Rogers, Jr., David R. Chestnutt, and Peggy J. Clark, reviewed by Richard Walsh; LETTERS OF DELEGATES TO CONGRESS, 1774-1789, VOLUME 4: MAY …

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Art Is Long; Life Isn't Randolph Caldecott In America And In Florida, John Cech Dec 2021

Art Is Long; Life Isn't Randolph Caldecott In America And In Florida, John Cech

Florida Historical Quarterly

Randolph Caldecott, the noted British illustrator, began his first and last visit to the United States and eventually to Florida in November 1885. Born in 1846, Caldecott was nearly forty and near the end of his life at the time of the journey. Friends had encouraged him to spend the worst part of the winter of 1885-1886 in St. Augustine, Florida, and the American South, away from the bleak English weather that often threatened to break his fragile health. Caldecott suffered, for most of his relatively short life, from a heart condition, the aftereffects of a childhood bout with rheumatic …

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Abner Doubleday And The Third Seminole War, David Ramsey Dec 2021

Abner Doubleday And The Third Seminole War, David Ramsey

Florida Historical Quarterly

Abner Doubleday, the grandson of a veteran of the American Revolution, was born June 26, 1819, at Ballston Spa, New York, twenty miles north of Albany. Abner attended school in Auburn and later Cooperstown, New York, before entering the United States Military Academy in 1838. Graduating in 1842, he stood number twenty-four academically in a class of fifty-six.

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Spain's Sixteenth-Century North American Settlement Attempts: A Neglected Aspect, Eugene Lyon Dec 2021

Spain's Sixteenth-Century North American Settlement Attempts: A Neglected Aspect, Eugene Lyon

Florida Historical Quarterly

A somewhat neglected aspect of Spanish colonial aims and deeds in eastern North America was the settlement impulse. Due to historical hindsight and cultural stereotyping, the colonizing powers have often mistakenly been categorized: the English as settlers-farmers and artisans; the Spaniards as exploiters-bullion-seekers; and the Dutch and the French as traders devoted primarily to the Indian trade. In fact, comparative investigation would likely disclose more similarities than differences among the colonizing efforts in North America, given the varying cultural and institutional bases of the European powers.

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Rube Burrow, "King Of Outlaws," And His Florida Adventures, William Warren Rogers, Jr. Dec 2021

Rube Burrow, "King Of Outlaws," And His Florida Adventures, William Warren Rogers, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Allen and Martha Burrow named their second son and fourth child Reuben Huston. Born in northwest Alabama’s Lamar County sometime in 1854 or 1855, Rube, as he came to be called, grew up working on the family farm. He loved to hunt and fish, and reportedly had a quick wit about him. Burrow was not enthusiastic about attending school, and, for reasons unknown, about 1874 left for Texas. Besides the legitimate avocation of farming and the less respectable occupation of bartending, Burrow adopted another more dangerous way of making a livelihood-train robbing. When he returned to Alabama late in 1887, …

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Liberal Arts On The Florida Frontier: The Founding Of Rollins College, 1885-1890, Jack C. Lane Dec 2021

Liberal Arts On The Florida Frontier: The Founding Of Rollins College, 1885-1890, Jack C. Lane

Florida Historical Quarterly

Although unique in its particulars, the founding of Rollins College in 1885 strongly resembled the formation and establishment of liberal arts colleges throughout the nineteenth century. Three forces-educational denominationalism, community boosterism, and real estate entrepreneurism-converged during the century to create a mania of indiscriminate college-building that produced as many as 700 institutions by the beginning of the Civil War. Founded in the waning years of the “ages of colleges,” Rollins fits this nineteenth-century pattern. It was the Congregational Church that established Rollins in the small frontier town of Winter Park, Florida. The local citizens provided most of the funds, and …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE MILITARY PRESENCE ON THE GULF COAST: GULF COAST HISTORY AND HUMANITIES CONFERENCE, VOLUME VII, edited by William S. Coker, reviewed by Don Higginbotham; TACACHALE: ESSAYS ON THE INDIANS OF FLORIDA AND SOUTHEASTERN GEORGIA DURING THE HISTORIC PERIOD, edited by Jerald T. Milanich and Samuel Proctor, reviewed by John W. Griffin; THE TROUBLE OF IT Is, by David M. Newell, reviewed by Gloria Jahoda; THE YOUNG HAMILTON: A BIOGRAPHY, by James Thomas Flexner, reviewed by Aubrey C. Land; THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PLANTATION SOUTH, by Raimondo Luraghi, reviewed by Julia F. Smith; MILLEDGEVILLE: GEORGIA’S ANTEBELLUM CAPITAL, by James …

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Immigrants And Radicals In Tampa, Florida, George E. Pozzetta Dec 2021

Immigrants And Radicals In Tampa, Florida, George E. Pozzetta

Florida Historical Quarterly

The role that radical ideologies have played in the experience of America’s immigrant groups has been the subject of increasing scholarly attention. Historians are coming to realize that these philosophies often exerted a substantial influence on ethnic group development. This was particularly true of the manner in which immigrants interacted with the labor movement in America. That these developments have often been overlooked has been explained, in part, by a lack of documentary evidence available for use in charting the events, issues, and personalities of the radical world. In recent years, however, a growing volume of historical material has become …

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Rebellion In East Florida In 1795, Janice Borton Miller Dec 2021

Rebellion In East Florida In 1795, Janice Borton Miller

Florida Historical Quarterly

Soon after East Florida was returned to Spain by the British following the American Revolution, a governmental structure was established with headquarters in St. Augustine. The first governor of this second Spanish period, Don Vizente Manuel de Zespedes, carried out the complex process of transferring jurisdiction. Thus by 1790, when the second governor, Juan Nepomuceno de Quesada, arrived in the province most of the English settlers had emigrated and Spanish institutions-government, trade, church, and school-were operating. St. Augustine was a town of approximately 1,862 persons, of whom 450 were in the military and about 412 were slaves.

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Seminole Folktales, Hedvig Tetens Evans Dec 2021

Seminole Folktales, Hedvig Tetens Evans

Florida Historical Quarterly

In Florida in the early 1950s when these stories were gathered, folktales were still being kept alive among some of the oldest Seminole Indians. All of the following tales were collected at the Brighton Reservation which is located in the center of the state northwest of Lake Okeechobee. It is one of three federal Indian reservations in Florida. The Seminole words that are used are in the Muskogee (Cow Creek) dialect. This is different from the Hitchiti dialect used by the Miccosukees who live on the Tamiami Trail west of Miami.

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The Menendez Marquez Cattle Barony At La Chua And The Determinants Of Economic Expansion In Seventeenth-Century Florida, Amy Bushnell Dec 2021

The Menendez Marquez Cattle Barony At La Chua And The Determinants Of Economic Expansion In Seventeenth-Century Florida, Amy Bushnell

Florida Historical Quarterly

Spanish Florida has the historical reputation of a bleak and unfriendly place, unproductive, impoverished, and unhealthy, where governors and soldiers, friars and passive Indian converts were unable to defend their own borders, much less make the land self-sustaining. The doleful letters from officials of the colony about the lateness or inadequacy of the garrison’s situado have made an impact on researchers, if they did not on the Crown. In recent years, however, examples of economic activity have been examined that belie this picture of total dependency. There were times during the seventeenth century when Spanish Florida approached self-sufficiency and was …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE ENTERPRISE OF FLORIDA: PEDRO MENENDEZ DE AVILES AND THE SPANISH CONQUEST OF 1565-1568, by Eugene Lyon, reviewed by Michael V. Gannon; FLORIDA POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE, 1877-1893, by Edward C. Williamson, reviewed by Charlton W. Tebeau; OGLETHORPE IN AMERICA, by Phinizy Spalding, reviewed by Jack P. Greene; COLONIAL GEORGIA, A HISTORY, by Kenneth Coleman, reviewed by David R. Chesnutt; THE PAPERS OF GENERAL NATHANAEL GREENE, VOLUME I, DECEMBER 1766-DECEMBER 1776, edited by Richard K. Showman, Margaret Cobb, and Robert E. McCarthy, reviewed by Kenneth Coleman; THIS AFFAIR OF LOUISIANA, by Alexander DeConde, reviewed by Gilbert C. Din; THE …

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Private Societies And The Maintenance Of Seminole Tribal Integrity, 1899-1957, Harry A. Kersey, Jr. Dec 2021

Private Societies And The Maintenance Of Seminole Tribal Integrity, 1899-1957, Harry A. Kersey, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century the Seminole Indians of southern Florida were a relatively independent and prosperous people. The small remnant group which remained in Florida following the Third Seminole War (1855-58), numbering fewer than 200, evaded army efforts to capture them, and they faded away into the fastness of the Everglades and Big Cypress Swamp. For several decades they lived in virtual isolation from the outside world, venturing forth only for occasional trading visits to frontier villages such as Miami, Fort Meade, and Fort Myers. During these years they completed the last stage of an ethnoecologic …

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Civil War Letters Of Major General James Patton Anderson, Margaret Anderson Uhler Dec 2021

Civil War Letters Of Major General James Patton Anderson, Margaret Anderson Uhler

Florida Historical Quarterly

In a time when patriotism was among the greatest of American virtues, few men pursued it more passionately than General James Patton Anderson of the Confederate army. Born in Winchester, Franklin County, Tennessee, February 16, 1822, he was the son of Margaret Adair and Colonel William Preston Anderson, a veteran of the War of 1812. His maternal grandfather was General John Adair, a hero in both the American Revolution and the War of 1812, and the eighth governor of Kentucky.

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Children Of Honor: Letters Of Winston And Octavia Stephens, 1861-1862, Ellen E. Hodges Dec 2021

Children Of Honor: Letters Of Winston And Octavia Stephens, 1861-1862, Ellen E. Hodges

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the Florida secession convention voted in January 1861 to withdraw the state from the Union, it made a fateful decision, the consequences of which its members scarcely understood. The lives of Floridians, white and black, would be fundamentally altered-at first almost imperceptably, then with increasing speed and force-by the action of the delegates. Typical in many ways of those citizens whose lives would be completely altered by secession and civil strife was a young couple from Welaka in Putnam County-Octavia and Winston Stephens.

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Turmoil At Big Cypress: Seminole Deer And The Florida Cattle Tick Controversy, Kenneth R. Philip Dec 2021

Turmoil At Big Cypress: Seminole Deer And The Florida Cattle Tick Controversy, Kenneth R. Philip

Florida Historical Quarterly

Indian Commissioner John Collier and Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, who was accompanied by his wife and son, left Washington, D.C., during the early spring of 1935 to meet with representatives of approximately 600 Seminole Indians who lived on three reservations and on scattered plots of land in Florida. Their purpose was to honor the one-hundredth anniversary of the beginning of the Second Seminole War and to conclude an informal peace treaty with these native Americans. After their arrival at West Palm Beach on March 18, Commissioner Collier requested that officials from the Dania Seminole Agency take them …

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Frederic Remington In Florida, Julian M. Pleasants Dec 2021

Frederic Remington In Florida, Julian M. Pleasants

Florida Historical Quarterly

Of the many writers and artists who have glorified the western experience, few have been more singularly devoted, more prolific, or more enduring than Frederic Sackrider Remington. Through his painting, sculpture, illustrations, and literary works, Remington preserved for posterity the essence of a wild and colorful epoch in American history. To a rare and satisfying degree, he captured the Old West-reconstructing its vividness and the vitality of the men, animals, and the scenes that characterized its picturesque history. Other artists drew and painted cowboys, Indians, and the western scene, and many have done so since, but as one critic noted, …

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The Tampa Flogging Case, Urban Vigiliantism, Robert P. Ingalls Dec 2021

The Tampa Flogging Case, Urban Vigiliantism, Robert P. Ingalls

Florida Historical Quarterly

On November 30, 1935, at about nine o'clock in the evening, a group of Tampa policemen, without a warrant, entered a home at 307 East Palm Avenue and seized six men who were holding a political meeting. Four of the six were members of the Socialist party. All belonged to the Modern Democrats, a new local party that had run candidates in the recent municipal election on a platform containing socialist ideas. Now, almost a month after their candidates had been defeated by incumbents, these leaders of the Modern Democrats were being taken to police headquarters for questioning about their …

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Ballooning In The Second Seminole War, Michael G. Schene Dec 2021

Ballooning In The Second Seminole War, Michael G. Schene

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the course of the long and seemingly interminable Second Seminole War, various schemes— most of them impractical and expensive, and sometimes barbarous— were advanced to end the bloody and expensive conflict. Robert Gamble, one of Florida’s most prominent citizens, suggested that the government offer a bounty of $1,000 for every Seminole, whether dead or alive. This reward, he prophesized, “would be sufficient to bring men qualified for such enterprise from every part of the United States, even the trappers from the Northwest.“ The government apparently never gave this proposal very serious consideration. A bizarre scheme that did have official …

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Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.; PELTS, PLUMES, AND HIDES: WHITE TRADERS AMONG THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, 1870-1930, by Harry A. Kersey, Jr., reviewed by James O. Buswell; ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE VACA: THE FORGOTTEN CHRONICLER, by José B. Fernández, reviewed by Jack D. L. Holmes; FLORIDA’S CRISIS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION: CHANGING PATTERNS OF LEADERSHIP, by Arthur O. White, reviewed by Wayne J. Urban; THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF KEY MARCO, FLORIDA, by Marion Spjut Gilliland, reviewed by Jerald T. Milanich; THE INVASION OF AMERICA: INDIANS, COLONIALISM, AND THE CANT OF CONQUEST, by Francis …

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Weapons, Strategies, And Tactics Of The Europeans And The Indians In Sixteenth- And Seventeenth-Century Florida, Barbara A. Purdy Dec 2021

Weapons, Strategies, And Tactics Of The Europeans And The Indians In Sixteenth- And Seventeenth-Century Florida, Barbara A. Purdy

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Indians of Florida were hostile to white explorers, adventurers, colonists, and missionaries from the time of Ponce de León’s encounter in 1513 until 1710 when it was reported, “there remains not now so much as one Village with ten Houses in it, in all Florida, that is subject to the Spaniards.“ These were the Apalachee and Timucua Indians of northwest and central Florida, but it is known that the Tocobago Indians had been destroyed by 1709. The Ais, never many in number, seem to have disappeared sometime during the first half of the eighteenth century, and the Tekesta were …

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Clan Affiliation And Leadership Among The Twentieth-Century Florida Indians, R. T. King Dec 2021

Clan Affiliation And Leadership Among The Twentieth-Century Florida Indians, R. T. King

Florida Historical Quarterly

As late at the 1950s, the Florida Seminoles were among the least acculturated of North American Indians. Three nineteenth-century wars with the United States had ended in defeat for the Seminoles, shattering their political structure and forcing the removal of the great majority of their people to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi. The remnant bands had dispersed into the uninhabited reaches of South Florida, where, largely left to their own devices, they continued to lead a life based on hunting, gathering, and swidden (cut and burn) agriculture. They were not able to resume their rather sophisticated pre-war political structure, …

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