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Entity Information Extraction And Normalization From Scientific And Clinical Texts, Abdullateef Ibrahim Almudaifer Jan 2024

Entity Information Extraction And Normalization From Scientific And Clinical Texts, Abdullateef Ibrahim Almudaifer

All ETDs from UAB

In the analysis of scientific and clinical texts, the extraction of named entities and their relevant information, such as modifiers, play a pivotal role. Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP), particularly through the application of transfer learning from pre-trained Transformer models, have greatly enhanced the performance of entity extraction tasks. However, challenges persist with nested entities. This thesis investigates the impact of transfer learning on extracting nested entities and their modifiers, using Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) as a prototype. By adopting a multi-task training strategy, this work enhances the model's capacity to discern and categorize overlapping entities, a task …

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Associations Of Religious Involvement And Cultural Justifications With Depressive Symptoms And Burden Among Caregivers, Maizonne Fields Jan 2024

Associations Of Religious Involvement And Cultural Justifications With Depressive Symptoms And Burden Among Caregivers, Maizonne Fields

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With the advancement of medicine, life expectancy has increased globally. As a result, the need for a caregiver by an older adult has also risen. A caregiver is often a spouse, child, or friend of an older adult that assists an older adult that is experiencing changes in their ability to complete activities of daily living and/or instrumental activities of daily living. Caregivers are often unpaid for their assistance and can be at heightened risk for negative mental health outcomes. This study used the Stress Process Model to investigate the associations of high levels of religious commitment or involvement (RCI) …

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Physical And Optical Properties Of Material Used For Injection Molding, Nadia Christine Farias Machado Jan 2024

Physical And Optical Properties Of Material Used For Injection Molding, Nadia Christine Farias Machado

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Background: This project investigates the materials used in injection molding dental resin composites which involves injecting flowable composite into a clear mold. Understanding the physical and optical properties of both the resin composite and the clear mold material is crucial for successful clinical outcomes. For the clear mold material, its translucency, curing light transmission, and rigidity are vital factors. Correlations may be present between trans-lucency and curing light transmission. For the resin composite, comparing wear, hardness, translucency, radiopacity, shrinkage stress, flexural strength, and modulus will affect mate-rial performance. Finally, the depth of cure of the material will be dependent on …

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Filing The Serial Numbers Off: The Role Of The Author In Fanfiction Published As Original Fiction, Lauren Mcinnis Jan 2024

Filing The Serial Numbers Off: The Role Of The Author In Fanfiction Published As Original Fiction, Lauren Mcinnis

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With the increase of authors altering and publishing fanfiction as original works of fiction, the practices and attitudes of fan communities cross over into the realm of traditional fiction. Throughout its history, fandom is a community built on the shared love of a piece of media or celebrity. The importance of community appears in fanfiction through Author’s Notes and comments sections; both of which traditionally published novels generally lack. When authors choose to make the transition to traditional publication which provides legitimacy that fanfiction lacks, they must remove most of their own identity and the fan-community that they originally relied …

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Understanding Disparities In Hypertension Treatment Cascade And Validating Blood Pressure Measurement Among Persons Living With Or At Risk For Hiv, Jessica Blair Jan 2024

Understanding Disparities In Hypertension Treatment Cascade And Validating Blood Pressure Measurement Among Persons Living With Or At Risk For Hiv, Jessica Blair

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In the United States, 44% of adult women >18 years have hypertension. Although non-Hispanic Black adults were more likely to be aware of and treated for hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White adults, Black individuals had the highest prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension. Persons living with HIV have a higher prevalence of hypertension, which is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Similar to the geographic distribution of hypertension in the US, people living in the South have higher incidence of both hypertension and HIV diagnoses compared to other US regions. Furthermore, accurate diagnosis of hypertension and initiation of treatment is …

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Physiologically Relevant Cardiac Tissue Chips For Cardiovascular Disease Modeling, Sachin Budhathoki Jan 2024

Physiologically Relevant Cardiac Tissue Chips For Cardiovascular Disease Modeling, Sachin Budhathoki

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Despite significant advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the development of new therapeutics, it remains the number one cause of death worldwide, particularly affecting the aging population. This necessitates the development of models that can more accurately recreate aspects of aging and the interaction of the heart with other organs and systems in the body, including the immune system. Tissue chip models are being increasingly considered for studying cardiac diseases as they can potentially address translational hurdles associated with animal models, yet several challenges hinder their full potential. These include a lack of …

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Mechanical Behaviors Of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites, Yu-Chao Shih Jan 2024

Mechanical Behaviors Of Additively Manufactured Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites, Yu-Chao Shih

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are advantageous in small-batch manufacturing and prototyping functional parts, due to their cost-effectiveness and customizability. Using fiber-reinforced plastic composites (FRP) in extrusion-based AM can significantly improve the mechanical properties compared to neat thermoplastic. However, the two-fold anisotropy introduced by the multiple constituent materials and the layer-by-layer mesostructure can introduce undesired structural weaknesses. Investigating the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism is the key to understanding the synergistic effect of the constituents in FRP and assessing the structural integrity of AM-made FRP. This research work aims to experimentally, analytically, and numerically assess the mechanical behaviors of AM composite …

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Examining U.S. National Trends In Adult Mental Illness And Naturalistic Psychedelic Drug Use, Daniel Grossman Jan 2024

Examining U.S. National Trends In Adult Mental Illness And Naturalistic Psychedelic Drug Use, Daniel Grossman

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Psychedelic drugs have gained prominent attention in recent years for their therapeutic potential in treating mental illness in clinical settings. Concurrently, population studies show increasing prevalence and notable demographic changes among naturalistic psychedelic users, as well as mixed associations between different types of naturalistic psychedelic use and mental health. However, despite this ongoing cultural shift, little is known about temporal changes in the mental health profiles of naturalistic psychedelic users at the population level. This thesis examined national trends in the association between past year naturalistic use of LSD, MDMA, and DMT/AMT/Foxy and past year mental illness among US adults, …

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Erosion Of Trust In Healthcare Leadership: An Analysis Of Anomie And Social Exchange During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Ashleigh Allgood Jan 2024

Erosion Of Trust In Healthcare Leadership: An Analysis Of Anomie And Social Exchange During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Ashleigh Allgood

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems worldwide, posing profound challenges for healthcare professionals. This study examined how the pandemic affected healthcare workers' trust in their leaders, comparing the acute 2021 phase and more managed 2022 period. Objective: To investigate how healthcare workers' experiences of moral distress, organizational change, belongingness, and perceived organizational support influenced trust in supervisors and senior leaders across two pandemic phases. Methods: Anonymous survey data were analyzed from healthcare professionals at a Southeastern U.S. academic medical center in 2021 (n=2,991) and 2022 (n=2,581). Ordinal logistic regression examined relationships between trust and experiences of moral distress, discrimination, …

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Insulin Responses, Diet Composition, And Fat Loss, Amanda Finn Jan 2024

Insulin Responses, Diet Composition, And Fat Loss, Amanda Finn

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Some but not all studies show participants who have higher baseline insulin responses lose more weight on a low glycemic load compared to a high glycemic load diet. Most prior research tested the relationship between insulin and weight changes with only one insulin response variable, such as insulin from an orally or intravenously (IV) administered metabolic test. We tested whether insulin responses (IV or oral) predicted changes in body fat among participants undergoing diet-induced weight loss. This study was a secondary analysis of a clinical trial. In the parent study, participants were randomized to either a reduced carbohydrate (ReducedCHO) or …

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Motor Development Of Individuals Referred For An Asd Evaluation, Timothy Gary Hilty Jan 2024

Motor Development Of Individuals Referred For An Asd Evaluation, Timothy Gary Hilty

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1 in 36 children. Fine motor skill delays and deficits are a common occurrence among autistic individuals. Fine motor delays tend to present in toddlerhood and deficits tend to persist into adulthood. However, fine motor skill delays and deficits are not a component of the diagnostic criteria for an ASD diagnosis. While fine motor differences between autistic and typically developing individuals are well established, it remains unclear if these differences exist between autistic individuals and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders and whether they provide additional insight into diagnosing ASD more accurately. …

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Does Ceo Education Matter? The Relationship Between Doctoral-Educated Hospital Ceos And Organizational Performance, Kofi Ali Cash Jan 2024

Does Ceo Education Matter? The Relationship Between Doctoral-Educated Hospital Ceos And Organizational Performance, Kofi Ali Cash

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One of the most pressing issues in healthcare strategic leadership research is identifying which hospital chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics possess a significant and favorable relationship to organizational performance. However, little is known about the relationship between hospitals led by doctoral-educated CEOs and organizational performance. This study adds to our knowledge by examining the relationship between doctoral-educated hospital CEOs and selected financial and patient safety outcomes. UET served as the theoretical framework and guided the examination of the relationship between the selected dependent and independent variables. This study’s population included 509 acute-care hospitals across nine states, requiring a minimum four-year …

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Utilization Of Romosozumab During Covid-19 Pandemic Among U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries, Ye Liu Jan 2024

Utilization Of Romosozumab During Covid-19 Pandemic Among U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries, Ye Liu

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Osteoporosis is increasingly recognized as a major public health issue in the aging U.S. population. Shortly after the licensure of romosozumab, an injectable medication indi-cated for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis at high risk of fracture administered by health care provider monthly, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, which caused ma-jor disruptions to the delivery of health care across the nation. The pandemic dispropor-tionately affected minority and economically disadvantaged communities, exacerbating many pre-existing health disparities. Romosozumab has the highest dosing frequency among common injectable osteoporosis medications in the U.S. that require an office visit for injection, making romosozumab adherence more susceptible to …

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Diagnostic Imaging Approaches: Pet Imaging In Monitoring Immune Responses In Oncology And Tuberculosis, Chanelle Hunter Jan 2024

Diagnostic Imaging Approaches: Pet Imaging In Monitoring Immune Responses In Oncology And Tuberculosis, Chanelle Hunter

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Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents play a transformative role in personalized medicine through their application in disease diagnosis and immunotherapy monitoring, focusing on chemokine receptors, TH1-activated immune cells, and tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. In immuno-oncology, accurately assessing TH1-activated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is vital for evaluating cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Chemokine receptors, crucial in cellular signaling and inflammatory reactions, play a significant role in TH1 responses, thus serving as a potential area of interest in elucidating these anti-tumor responses. Through our work a novel CXCR3-targeting immunoPET probe, [89Zr]DFO-αCXCR3, was developed to detect and quantify these cells. This probe …

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Titanium-45 Radiochemistry For The Development Of Pet Radiopharmaceuticals, Fnu Shefali Jan 2024

Titanium-45 Radiochemistry For The Development Of Pet Radiopharmaceuticals, Fnu Shefali

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Imaging using nuclear medicine techniques has enabled non-invasive measurements of biomarkers for a wide range of diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The production and characterization of new radioisotopes are crucial steps in designing radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear imaging applications. 45Ti is a novel radionuclide with desired physical characteristics for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. The half-life of 3.08 h is ideal for the imaging of small peptides. In addition, the 45Ti decay by positron emission (85 %) and a low mean positron energy (0.439 MeV) offers high spatial resolution. The production route of 45Ti is straightforward due to …

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Crown Fatigue Resistance And Enamel Wear Of 3d Printed Resin Compared To Lithium Disilicate, Pranit Vasant Bora Jan 2024

Crown Fatigue Resistance And Enamel Wear Of 3d Printed Resin Compared To Lithium Disilicate, Pranit Vasant Bora

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the wear characteristics and fatigue resistance of two dental crown materials: SprintRay Ceramic Crown, a 3D-printed resin material, and IPS™ e.Max CAD, a lithium disilicate material. Methods: This study evaluates wear and fatigue characteristics of dental crowns made from Ceramic Crown (SprintRay) and IPS e.max CAD LT (Ivoclar). For fatigue testing, custom fatigue devices were utilized to subject the crowns to cyclic loading, simulating occlusal forces. The specimens underwent 100,000 cycle intervals until 1.5 million cycles at a load of 40N of fatigue loading, with inspections conducted for signs of debonding, …

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Phosphate Drives Pulmonary Inflammation Through Fgfr1, Erk, And Akt Signaling, Seth Bollenbecker Jan 2024

Phosphate Drives Pulmonary Inflammation Through Fgfr1, Erk, And Akt Signaling, Seth Bollenbecker

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized as irreversible progressive loss of renal function and affects over one tenth of the global population. Although CKD-associated comorbidities contribute significantly to its mortality, the lungs are often not considered. Lung diseases make up three of the top six leading causes of death worldwide and share many comorbidities with CKD. Clinical reports show that CKD patients are more likely to develop obstructive and restrictive lung diseases, but the mechanisms underlying this propensity for CKD-associated pulmonary complications are unknown. Hyperphosphatemia and associated elevations of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, two of many consequences of reduced …

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Teachers' Perspectives On The Impact Of Interactive Read Aloud Strategies For Comprehension Skills Of Saudi Kindergarten Students: A Mixed Method Study, Riham Alsultan Jan 2024

Teachers' Perspectives On The Impact Of Interactive Read Aloud Strategies For Comprehension Skills Of Saudi Kindergarten Students: A Mixed Method Study, Riham Alsultan

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Reading comprehension is a very integral element of encouraging lifelong learning amongst kindergarten students. The main objective of this research is to investigate teachers’ perspectives on the effectiveness of interactive read-aloud (IRA) in improving reading comprehension skills amongst kindergarten students in Saudi Arabia. The study's overarching aim was to determine how interactive reading-aloud strategies employed by Saudi kindergarten teachers during interactive read-aloud time impact Saudi kindergarten students' overall comprehension skills through the perceptions of teachers regarding the effectiveness of these strategies. To achieve this objective, the researcher employed a mixed-method research design, a combination of both quantitative and qualitative strategies. …

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Predictive Modeling Using Clinical Data And Compositional Microbiome Data, Li Zhang Jan 2024

Predictive Modeling Using Clinical Data And Compositional Microbiome Data, Li Zhang

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This dissertation focuses on developing predictive modeling using data from two areas: clinical data and microbiome data. Compositional data in real life are mainly represented by relative proportions. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, researchers can now collect a large volume of metagenomic sequencing data, which is valuable for investigating associations between the microbiome and host diseases. Current methods for dealing with such data are either constrained by generalization or limited by application. In the first part, to address this, we propose Bayesian compositional generalized linear models for analyzing microbiome data (BCGLM). This model incorporates a structured regularized …

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Access To And Service Utilization Of Alabama Medicaid's Section 1115 Demonstration Waiver Program, Sarah Lee Bowler Jan 2024

Access To And Service Utilization Of Alabama Medicaid's Section 1115 Demonstration Waiver Program, Sarah Lee Bowler

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Background: Much research has been done investigating health disparities in the field of publicly-funding family planning. However, no longitudinal analysis has been conducted to examine the impact of Alabama Medicaid’s Section 1115 demonstration waiver on access to care, experience of barriers reported by enrollees, and repeat utilization of services. Methods: Medicaid enrollment and visit claims data were used to answer the questions related to access and service utilization. Annual Plan First survey data were used to investigate the experience of barriers to care among enrollees. For all three research questions, descriptive statistics were calculated, and linear probability models were used …

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“Then Let Them Use Us Well”: How The Folger Edition Of Shakespeare’S Othello Limits Sexuality And Character Agency, Ann Elizabeth Mulherin Jan 2024

“Then Let Them Use Us Well”: How The Folger Edition Of Shakespeare’S Othello Limits Sexuality And Character Agency, Ann Elizabeth Mulherin

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Since Shakespeare’s first folio and quartos were initially published directly after his death in the early seventeenth century, various editors have altered his plays for their desired goals. With this in mind, the primary focus of my thesis centers around the Updated Folger edition of The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, edited by Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine, which was published in 2017. The Folger edition repeatedly points out that they have tailored their rendition of Othello to allow modern audiences to understand Shakespeare’s language; they present the intention to accurately and helpfully gloss confusing, antiquated, or significant …

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Using Hope To Cope: Chronic Stress, Religious Coping, And Masked Hypertension In African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study, Miriam Miles Jan 2024

Using Hope To Cope: Chronic Stress, Religious Coping, And Masked Hypertension In African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study, Miriam Miles

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USING HOPE TO COPE: CHRONIC STRESS, RELIGIOUS COPING, AND MASKED HYPERTENSION IN AFRICAN AMERICAN ADULTS: THE JACKSON HEART STUDY ABSTRACT Chronic stress experienced at home or work has been associated with acute increases in blood pressure (BP) measured in the doctor’s office. Few data are available on the association of chronic stress with BP measured outside of the office setting. Religious coping, applying religious beliefs to adapt to stressful situations, and functional and structural social support may protect against MHT by promoting active coping behaviors and increasing emotional well-being. High levels of religious involvement and high social support have been …

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Using The Social Ecological Model To Assess The Correlates Of Unprotected Sex Among African American Emerging Adults, Shirlacia S. Gray Jan 2024

Using The Social Ecological Model To Assess The Correlates Of Unprotected Sex Among African American Emerging Adults, Shirlacia S. Gray

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USING THE SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL TO ASSESS THE CORRELATES OF UNPROTECTED SEX AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN EMERGING ADULTS SHIRLACIA S. GRAY DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY ABSTRACT Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that HIV diagnoses for Black/African American men and women are 8x and 15x higher than white individuals, respectively. While the social determinants of health largely influence HIV transmission rates, reducing risky behaviors can lower the risk for HIV. This current study used the Social Ecological Model to investigate correlates of unprotected sex. Methods: Participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Participant's demographics (age, gender, years of education, financial …

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Predicting Maximum Concentric And Eccentric Squat Strength From Maximum Isometric Squat Strength, Michael A. Dunn Jan 2024

Predicting Maximum Concentric And Eccentric Squat Strength From Maximum Isometric Squat Strength, Michael A. Dunn

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Resistive squat exercise is a well-established technique to enhance the strength of muscles and bone of the back in humans. Such type of exercise could prove highly beneficial for individuals with pathological condition of the back such as osteoporosis. Notably, the rehabilitation programs aimed at strengthening the muscles and bone of the back require the knowledge of the patient’s one repetition maximum (1RM). Finding the 1RM squat value could lead to injury due to the higher weights involved. In addition, testing for 1RM could be not feasible in older populations or young population with chronic back conditions The isometric squat …

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Effect Bioactive Material Have On Tooth Demineralization, Taillk Gomes Jan 2024

Effect Bioactive Material Have On Tooth Demineralization, Taillk Gomes

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The objective of this in vitro study is to compare the inhibition of demineralization of root dentin caused by the presence of different restorative materials using Vickers Hardness (HV) test (microhardness) test and polarized light microscopy (PLM).

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[Mis]Representing “India” And Other Colonial Territories In Donne’S Poetry: An Insight Into Colonialism’S Multifaceted Aspects, Urnisha Dutta Jan 2024

[Mis]Representing “India” And Other Colonial Territories In Donne’S Poetry: An Insight Into Colonialism’S Multifaceted Aspects, Urnisha Dutta

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Colonial objects in Donne’s poems embrace multifaceted attributes, offering diverse reading perspectives. Considering their multifaceted aspects, it becomes impossible for a reader to ignore his poems’ interdisciplinary qualities. They often embrace philosophical, religious, political, and historical connotations. The colonial objects, appearing as “black” characters, silent women, or colonized territories in his poems, generate East-West binaries, Western subject consciousness, Eastern [mis]representations, world polarizations, and color contrasts. His female bodies’ misogynistic/sexual portrayal frequently ends in pulling up colonial references, associating their bodies with colonial landmasses. They often associate with his spiritual consciousness, complicating reading and textual interpretations. Critics thus cannot take a …

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A Thematic Analysis Of Health Literacy And Education Disparities Regarding Medical Needs For Transgender Individuals, Rachel Mcmullen Jan 2024

A Thematic Analysis Of Health Literacy And Education Disparities Regarding Medical Needs For Transgender Individuals, Rachel Mcmullen

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Transgender individuals experience many challenges within the healthcare system including discrimination, socioeconomic struggles, financial strains, a lack of educated healthcare providers, and a health system framework that makes it even more challenging for them to receive their medical needs (Korpaisarn and Safer). One contributing factor to this lack of education is that on average medical schools in the United States only spend approximately five hours total on the health needs related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals (Miller et al.). Another contributing factor is the stigma around LGBTQ individuals within the medical community. The stigma is concerning …

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3d Microtissue Model Of The Aged Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment, Peyton Clark Jan 2024

3d Microtissue Model Of The Aged Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment, Peyton Clark

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Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer deaths for women, primarily due to treatment resistant and/or recurrent disease. Most cases of ovarian cancer are not diagnosed until distant metastases have formed, which drastically reduces overall survival. The median age at diagnosis is 63 and most cases occur in patients who are peri- and post-menopausal. There is a critical gap between the clinical presentation of ovarian cancer and the preclinical models used to study the disease. Most preclinical in vivo investigations use mice who are between 6 and 12 weeks old, which corresponds to roughly a 20-year-old human. Therefore, …

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Temporal And Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Dietary Phytochemicals In Breast Cancer Prevention, Andrew Brane Jan 2024

Temporal And Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Dietary Phytochemicals In Breast Cancer Prevention, Andrew Brane

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Breast cancer (BC) is a widespread malignancy that, despite advancements in treatments and improvements in survival, had an estimated 297,790 new cases and 43,170 mortalities in 2023. With around 1 in every 8 women in the US expected to be diagnosed with BC at some point in their lives, the economic, societal, and healthcare burdens associated with this disease cannot be understated. Because of this, treatments and preventions that are affordable, efficacious, and easily administered are in high demand. Preventive therapies have shown great promise in reducing disease burden with relatively few serious side effects. BC prevention through the consumption …

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The Association Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk And Fractures In Postmenopausal Women, Rafeka Hossain Jan 2024

The Association Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk And Fractures In Postmenopausal Women, Rafeka Hossain

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Background: Fragility fractures pose a significant healthcare and economic burden in the United States. While age and bone mineral density (BMD) are the primary established risk factors for fragility fractures, the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and fractures remains underexplored. The primary objective of this analysis was to estimate the association of CVD risk with fractures in postmenopausal women. Methods: Utilizing 30 years of data from the WHI, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk scores were computed using baseline age, race, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, diabetes, anti-hypertension medications, and smoking. Fracture outcomes encompassed any clinical fracture, major osteoporotic …

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