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Comparisons Between The Nod And Nor Mouse: Insight Into Diabetes Pathogenesis And Protection, Joseph Guy Daft
Comparisons Between The Nod And Nor Mouse: Insight Into Diabetes Pathogenesis And Protection, Joseph Guy Daft
All ETDs from UAB
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is defined as the selective immune destruction of insulin producing beta cells within the islet. A new emphasis has been put on the role of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in T1D; however, there is much more to learn about this relationship. Distinct differences have been observed in the intestinal permeability, barrier function, commensal microbiota, and mucosal innate and adaptive immunity of patients and animals with T1D, when compared to healthy controls. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the BioBreeding diabetes prone (BBdp) rat are commonly used to models to study T1D in humans. Most murine studies …
Nutrition And Health Related Outcomes In Patients On Hemodialysis, Shawona Cannon Daniel
Nutrition And Health Related Outcomes In Patients On Hemodialysis, Shawona Cannon Daniel
All ETDs from UAB
Millions of Americans are affected by kidney disease and a large proportion of these individuals require hemodialysis to sustain life. This is a life changing event. The nutritional lifestyle changes associated with hemodialysis may be a key factor to health related outcomes such as depression and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study examined the relationship between selected demographic characteristics, nutritional status, measured by serum albumin, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and self-report dietary protein intake, and HRQOL and depression in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. This study also examines the magnitude of correlation …
The Relationship Between Emergency Department Wait Times And Inpatient Satisfaction, Polly Jean Davenport
The Relationship Between Emergency Department Wait Times And Inpatient Satisfaction, Polly Jean Davenport
All ETDs from UAB
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Examining The Role Of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (Gper) Activation In 17beta-Estradiol-Mediated Protection In Traumatic Brain Injury, Nicole Day
All ETDs from UAB
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of persons per year, potentially leading to permanent disability or death, and exacts a staggering financial toll. Despite the severity of this public health problem, there are no clinically proven pharmacotherapeutics available that effectively attenuate the secondary neurochemically-mediated damage that follows the initial biomechanical insult. In addition, the heterogeneous nature of TBI and complexity of secondary injury cascades suggest that a polytherapeutic approach could be a powerful strategy with which to simultaneously target more than one deleterious pathway. Recently, sex steroid hormones have sparked interest as possible neuroprotective agents after traumatic injury. One of …
Effects Of Biological, Environmental, And Nutritional Factors On Fecal Pellet Size And Morphology In The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus, Lacey Nicole Dennis
Effects Of Biological, Environmental, And Nutritional Factors On Fecal Pellet Size And Morphology In The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus, Lacey Nicole Dennis
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Sea urchins are an important economic resource for many international fisheries and are an important animal model in developmental biology. Currently, health of cultured sea urchins is evaluated by behavior or through invasive examination of internal tissues. Destructive sampling is not conducive to longitudinal studies and a non-invasive method of evaluating sea urchin health would have practical application. Evaluation of the egesta could provide a valuable predictor of physiological well-being. The size and morphology of fecal pellets produced by the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus under a variety of environmental and nutritional conditions were characterized in terms of 2-dimensional area, length, …
Exposure To Methylmercury Via Fish Consumption In Ghana And An Evaluation Of Methylmercury Toxicity Under A Low Food Ration In Daphnia Pulex, Dzigbodi Adzo Doke
Exposure To Methylmercury Via Fish Consumption In Ghana And An Evaluation Of Methylmercury Toxicity Under A Low Food Ration In Daphnia Pulex, Dzigbodi Adzo Doke
All ETDs from UAB
For many people of the world, fish is a primary source of protein, especially in countries like Ghana, where about 60% of the protein consumed is derived from fish. Fish advisories have been established by some nations to protect the public from harmful health effects linked to eating contaminated fish. Methylmercury (MeHg) is one such contaminant that has resulted in fish advisories. Fish advisories have not been developed in Ghana, although MeHg contamination of aquatic ecosystems is likely due to the long history of mercury (Hg) use in artisanal gold mining. To address this gap in our knowledge, I compiled …
Development Of A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model Of Ovarian Cancer To Characterize The Chemotherapy Resistant Population, Zachary Christopher Dobbin
Development Of A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model Of Ovarian Cancer To Characterize The Chemotherapy Resistant Population, Zachary Christopher Dobbin
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Ovarian cancer while the second most common gynecologic malignancy is the most commons cause of death due to a gynecologic malignancy and the fifth most common cause of death to cancer in women. In 2014, there will be an expected 21,980 cases and 14,270 deaths. Unfortunately, the five-year survival for ovarian cancer is only 40% and this has barely increased over the past 30 years. New approaches need to be developed in order to study ovarian cancer and identify methods of overcoming chemotherapy resistance. This dissertation presents the work conducted in the development of a patient-derived xenograft model of ovarian …
Abnormalities Of Glutamate Neurotransmission Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Christopher Dorsett
Abnormalities Of Glutamate Neurotransmission Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Christopher Dorsett
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This project aims to investigate abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission in the rat cortex following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The overarching hypothesis is that excessive glutamate release originating at the site of injury begins an excitotoxic cascade leading to increased intracellular calcium and cell death. Glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, facilitates learning, memory, and other cognitive functions via activation of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors. A family of Na+- dependent excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) on the plasma membranes of neurons and glial cells facilitate the rapid removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft, maintaining …
Evidence Of Altered Ampa Receptor Localization And Regulation In Schizophrenia, Jana Drummond
Evidence Of Altered Ampa Receptor Localization And Regulation In Schizophrenia, Jana Drummond
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Although the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia posits altered glutamatergic transmission is occurring in this illness, the precise mechanisms be-hind these proposed changes in schizophrenia brain remain elusive. Recent evidence from our laboratory supports a model of altered forward trafficking of glutamate receptors to synaptic membranes in schizophrenia, which could contribute to changes in neurotransmission. The AMPA subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (AMPAR), is the main facilitator of fast, excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and changes in AMPAR number at synapses may control synaptic strength and plasticity. One mechanism that could alter AMPAR trafficking to synapses is abnormal expression of AMPAR …
Mitochondrial Genetics Modify Body Composition, Metabolic Efficiency And Myocardial Metabolism, Kimberly Joanne Dunham-Snary
Mitochondrial Genetics Modify Body Composition, Metabolic Efficiency And Myocardial Metabolism, Kimberly Joanne Dunham-Snary
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Obesity and cardiometabolic pathologies have reached epidemic levels worldwide over the last 30 years. Currently, the majority of research investigating possible genetic causes of obesity is focused on nuclear DNA (nDNA). While this has lead to the development of numerous animal models, it is apparent the etiology of obesity is more complex than single gene mutations. Recently it has also been suggested that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations sustained during evolution as a consequence of our prehistoric environment may influence individual propensity and risk of disease. Contemporary human populations are no longer faced with the challenges of our ancestors such as …
Characterization Of Glycosylation-Associated Protein, Gap2, Required For The Biogenesis Of Streptococcus Parasanguinis Fimbriae-Associated Protein, Fap1, Haley Echlin
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Streptococcal species possess a multitude of adhesins that facilitate adherence to a wide range of substrates; this is the first step necessary for the development of disease. Streptococcus parasanguinis is a primary colonizer of the oral cavity and adheres to the tooth surface using long fimbriae, which are composed of Fap1, a serine-rich repeat glycoprotein (SRRP). SRRPs are conserved in many Gram-positive bacteria and play a role in bacterial adhesion, fimbrial formation, biofilm formation, and bacterial pathogenesis. Although SRRPs play such an important role, the exact mechanism of their biogenesis remains a mystery. For Fap1, an eleven gene cluster is …
Francisella Tularensis Lvs Invasion Of Primary Murine Macrophages And Mtor Signaling, Michael Warren Edwards
Francisella Tularensis Lvs Invasion Of Primary Murine Macrophages And Mtor Signaling, Michael Warren Edwards
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Francisella tularensis is an intracellular pathogen and the etiologic agent of tularemia. Because virulent strains cause morbidity and lethality in human, the attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS) has been used to study F. tularensis pathogenesis in murine models, since the disease in mice resembles human tularemia. Despite growing knowledge about host responses to Francisella infection, there is scarce information on the cell signaling events involved in Francisella host cell entry and in early immune re-sponses. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to assess the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in these processes. First, we evaluated the …
The Effects Of Subjective And Objective Caregiver Burden On The Depressive Symptomology Of A Disabled Older Adult Care Recipient, Deborah Blessing Ejem
The Effects Of Subjective And Objective Caregiver Burden On The Depressive Symptomology Of A Disabled Older Adult Care Recipient, Deborah Blessing Ejem
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Depression is a leading mental health issue effecting the aging population. The current body of research contends that stress, social disconnectedness, and disability are possible causes of depression. Research, however, widely neglects the study of caregiver burden as other probable causes of depression in this group. This study investigates subjective and objective caregiver burden as possible causes of adverse mental health for a non-institutionalized older adult care recipient. Additionally, the conditional effects of race/ethnic background of the care recipient are evaluated using the most recent wave of the National Long Term Care Study (NLTCS) and using both the life stress …
The Expression And Function Of Icam-2 In Neuroblastoma, Joseph Feduska
The Expression And Function Of Icam-2 In Neuroblastoma, Joseph Feduska
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Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. At the time of initial diagnosis, the majority of patients present with NB that has already metastasized. While initial remission is often achieved following treatment, roughly 50% of these patients will relapse and die from the development of intractable metastatic progression. Intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, normally expressed only in endothelial cells and subsets of leukocytes. ICAM-2 expression in cancer cells had not been previously investigated, until our lab recently reported the novel finding of endogenous ICAM-2 expression …
Mitochondrial Genetics And Cellular Metabolism Regulate Tumorigenicity And Metastatic Potential, Kyle Paul Feeley
Mitochondrial Genetics And Cellular Metabolism Regulate Tumorigenicity And Metastatic Potential, Kyle Paul Feeley
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Current paradigms of carcinogenic risk suggest that genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors combine to influence an individual's predilection for breast cancer and related metastatic tumor formation. The genetic component, in particular, has become the focus of many emergent studies. A renewed focus on cancer metabolism and the Warburg effect has similarly cast a spotlight on the role, if any, of the mitochondrion in directing disease progression. Analysis of the direct contribution of mitochondrial DNA on tumorigenicity is made possible through the use of mitochondrial-nuclear exchange (MNX) mice in which nuclei from normal FVB mice (the background strain of the tg: …
Elucidating The Role Of Gsk3 In Synaptic And Cognitive Deficits In Fragile X Syndrome, Aimee Vinson Franklin
Elucidating The Role Of Gsk3 In Synaptic And Cognitive Deficits In Fragile X Syndrome, Aimee Vinson Franklin
All ETDs from UAB
Fragile X Syndrome (FX) is the most common inherited form of mental retarda-tion. Prominent characteristics of FX are mimicked in a mouse model with deleted fmr1 including hyperactivity, anxiety, developmental delay and social deficits. Additionally, FX mice display deficits in n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) at medial perforant path synapses onto dentate granule cells (MPP-DGC synapses). Because LTP is a cellular correlate of learning and memory, defi-cits in LTP at this synapse are thought to underlie impairments in pattern separation, a form of learning and memory dependent on proper DG function. Identifying the patho-logical mechanisms that cause impaired …
Effect Of Upper-Extremity Rehabilitation On Effort Required To Use The More Affected Arm After Acquired Brain Injury, Brad Sokal
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Constraint-Induced Movement therapy, or CI therapy, is one of the few techniques that controlled, randomized studies show to substantially reduce the incapacitating motor deficit of the more-affected upper-extremity of patients with mild to moderately severe hemiparesis. The therapy for individuals with mild to moderate motor impairment of their more-affected arm involves a) training of more-affected arm for 3.5 hours per day for 10 consecutive weekdays, b) following shaping principles when conducting the training, c) restraining the less-affected arm for a target of 90% of waking hours, and d) administering a package of behavioral techniques designed to transfer gains to daily …
Effects Of Storage On The Red Blood Cell And Its Implications For Transfusion, Ryan D. Stapley
Effects Of Storage On The Red Blood Cell And Its Implications For Transfusion, Ryan D. Stapley
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Transfusion with red blood cells (RBC) remains a frontline therapy in critically ill patients. Recent studies have documented an association between storage duration and an increased incidence of transfusion-related toxicities. This transfusion-related toxicity is characterized by both a pro-inflammatory state and a microcirculatory dysfunction and is associated with changes that occur to the RBC and its media during storage referred to as the storage lesion. These changes that occur to the RBC include an increase in cell-free hemoglobin, heme, free iron, microparticles, as well as changes to the RBC itself. This thesis explores how these elements could contribute to transfusion-related …
Effects Of Early Life Exposure To Methylmercury On Predator Response In Daphnia Pulex, Megan Lisa Steed
Effects Of Early Life Exposure To Methylmercury On Predator Response In Daphnia Pulex, Megan Lisa Steed
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Knowledge of the health effects of toxic chemicals is largely based on single chemical models rather than a multi-factor model, which more accurately captures realworld exposures. This study investigated how methylmercury affects Daphnia pulex in the presence of predatory stress chemical. A kairomone is an infochemical released by an animal that can be detected by another animal. Daphnia pulex detects kairomone released by Danio rerio resulting in the induction of morphological and life history changes. Danio rerio were kept in COMBO media for 24 hours at a density of 2 fish per liter. Daphnids were then housed in kairomone-containing COMBO …
Modulation Of The Immune Response To Aspergillus Fumigatus By Antibodies To Conserved Bacterial Polysaccharides, Emily Stefanov
Modulation Of The Immune Response To Aspergillus Fumigatus By Antibodies To Conserved Bacterial Polysaccharides, Emily Stefanov
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The incidence of asthma, allergies and autoimmune diseases has increased dramatically in developed countries. The hygiene hypothesis postulates that excessively sanitary conditions lead to a lack of critical immune stimulation during early life, leading to inappropriate responses to self or harmless antigens later in life. Many bacteria and potential allergens share common polysaccharide epitopes. We investigated the ability of antibodies against these shared polysaccharides to dampen the immune response to the ubiquitous fungus and potent allergen, Aspergillus fumigatus. We found that antibodies against these polysaccharides, specifically of the IgM isotype, induced by neonatal bacterial immunization or passive antibody transfer, dampened …
Development And Testing Of The Primary Care Homeless Organizational Assessment Tool (Pc-Hoat) To Evaluate Primary Care Services For The Homeless, Jocelyn Louise Steward
Development And Testing Of The Primary Care Homeless Organizational Assessment Tool (Pc-Hoat) To Evaluate Primary Care Services For The Homeless, Jocelyn Louise Steward
All ETDs from UAB
The purpose of this dissertation is to develop and test an organizational assessment tool that can used to evaluate primary care services for the homeless. The research evaluates the importance, feasibility, reliability, and validity of organizational processes and structures of primary care services for the homeless. The final product is the validated Primary Care Homeless Organizational Assessment Tool (PC-HOAT). This tool provides stakeholders with information regarding the organizational structures and processes associated with greater quality of primary care for the homeless. This tool will help managers better understand their organization's strengths and weaknesses, guide discussions regarding operations, and provide information …
Translocation Of Shed Syndecan-1 To The Nucleus: A Novel Mechanism Of Tumor-Host Crosstalk, Mark Stewart
Translocation Of Shed Syndecan-1 To The Nucleus: A Novel Mechanism Of Tumor-Host Crosstalk, Mark Stewart
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Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells that disseminates throughout the body. Crosstalk between myeloma and host cells is critical to the establishment of a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth and progression. An important mediator of this crosstalk is syndecan-1, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Syndecan-1 is proteolytically shed from the surface of myeloma cells and is abundant in the bone marrow microenvironment and serum of myeloma patients. Shed syndecan-1 facilitates tumor-host crosstalk within the microenvironment to drive tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We now report for the first time that shed syndecan-1 can be taken up by a …
"Duty For To-Day, Hope For The Morrow": Alexander Crummell's Communitarian Ideal, Jennifer E. Stitt
"Duty For To-Day, Hope For The Morrow": Alexander Crummell's Communitarian Ideal, Jennifer E. Stitt
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A complicated thinker, full of paradoxes, Alexander Crummell (1819-1898) engaged deeply with the world around him. He established prominent public relationships with often deified figures such as Frederick Douglass, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Booker T. Washington; he crossed transatlantic boundaries, impacting the lives of whites and blacks in America, England, and West Africa; and he continually searched for a community where blacks could freely exercise their rights and fulfill the duties of citizenship and self-governance. He championed black nationalism and racial pride, but, at the same time, he imagined and idealized a cohesive cosmopolitan community, a kind of …
Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Medical Indications, And Perinatal Outcomes Associated With Interventional Early Term Delivery, Kelley Swatzell
Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Medical Indications, And Perinatal Outcomes Associated With Interventional Early Term Delivery, Kelley Swatzell
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The results indicate an approximate 75% female bias being produced in the egg corral.
Association Of Blood Pressure Phenotypes With Kidney Disease, Rikki M. Tanner
Association Of Blood Pressure Phenotypes With Kidney Disease, Rikki M. Tanner
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model. The sex ratios produced in the fluctuating temperature experiments were not
Characterization Of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Regulation Of The Electrogenic Na/Bicarbonate Cotransporter Nbce1, Ian Michael Thornell
Characterization Of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Regulation Of The Electrogenic Na/Bicarbonate Cotransporter Nbce1, Ian Michael Thornell
All ETDs from UAB
The electrogenic Na/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe1) is an acid/base regulator that is also involved in coordinating epithelial ion transport. Splice variants of NBCe1 differ at their cytosolic amino- (N-) and/or carboxy- (C-) termini. These different cytosolic termini impart differential regulation for each variant. For example, the N-terminus of NBCe1-A is autostimulatory, whereas the N-terminus of NBCe1-B and -C is autoinhibitory. We examine the regulatory role of PIP2 for NBCe1 splice variants. In the first study of this dissertation, we characterize the effect of increasing PIP2 on the activity of NBCe1-A, -B, and -C expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Injecting PIP2 stimulated …
Evaluation Of Environmental Factors And Dengue Fever In Sri Lanka Using Geospatial Tools, Meghan Tipre
Evaluation Of Environmental Factors And Dengue Fever In Sri Lanka Using Geospatial Tools, Meghan Tipre
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The incidence of dengue fever has increased exponentially in Sri Lanka, from 24.4 cases per 100,000 in 2003 to 165.3 per 100,000 population in 2013. Despite concerted effort by the Sri Lankan government, dengue control remains a challenge in the country, indicating a need for novel approach for dengue prevention and control. The aim of this research was to identify environmental risk factors that may be associated with dengue incidence rate at the Gram Niladhari Divisions level (smallest administrative unit) in Colombo city, Sri Lanka, using geospatial tools such as remote sensing and geographic information system. These factors included climate …
Validation Of A Cytometric Bead-Based Immunoassay For Tear Interleukin 8 And Interferon Gamma Inducible Protein 10, My-Tho Karin Tran
Validation Of A Cytometric Bead-Based Immunoassay For Tear Interleukin 8 And Interferon Gamma Inducible Protein 10, My-Tho Karin Tran
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ABSTRACT Background Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) are pro-inflammatory chemokines that may play key antagonistic roles in regulating corneal immune privilege and angiogenesis prevention. Some groups have reported that tear levels of IL-8 and IP-10 measured by multiplexed antibody-based assay are artifact prone and therefore unreliable, leading to their under-utilization as ocular surface disease and dry eye biomarkers. The current study compares tear levels of IL-8 and IP-10 measured by multiplexed cytometric bead-based assay (CBA) with single analyte ELISA assay. Mass spectrometry, a non-antibody based method, was also used to obtain confirmation of tear levels. …
Employer-Based Wellness Programs; Financial Value To The Organization, Ricky D. Wallace
Employer-Based Wellness Programs; Financial Value To The Organization, Ricky D. Wallace
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The health and wellness of employees is of strategic importance for healthcare organizations to achieve leadership in accountable care and health reform. This study sought to discover whether an organizational program, focused on health promotion and wellness for employees, has a value to the organization. This quantitative evaluation study examines variables of a wellness program implemented at a medical facility in the United States by determining the medical costs among participants and non-participants of the facility sponsored wellness program. The results of the study provide valuation evidence concerning the program's value to the organization.
An Evaluation Of Sample Size Re-Estimation Adaptive Designs And Delayed-Start Designs For Alzheimer's Disease Trials, Guoqiao Wang
An Evaluation Of Sample Size Re-Estimation Adaptive Designs And Delayed-Start Designs For Alzheimer's Disease Trials, Guoqiao Wang
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The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the effect of novel clinical trial designs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to provide applications for their use in real trials. The data used for our simulation is a meta-data base of completed trials. In the first paper, we investigate the sample size re-estimation (SSR) adaptive design based on the effect size and the variance without taking into account the longitudinal feature of the trials. In the second paper, we take advantage of that feature to explore the SSR based on the variance of the rate of change in the longitudinal measurements. …