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The Effect Of Bone-Implant Contact And Elastic Modulus In The Biomechanical Stability Of Temporary Anchorage Devices, Ghada Nimeri Jan 2015

The Effect Of Bone-Implant Contact And Elastic Modulus In The Biomechanical Stability Of Temporary Anchorage Devices, Ghada Nimeri

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the microstrains of compact and trabecular bone caused by loading of different miniscrews at different healing times, and to compare these results to the limits of bone stability maintenance based on the Frost Mechanostat Theory. Materials and Methods: Theoretical calculations of microstrains of bone surrounding 10 different miniscrews were done. These miniscrews were considered under loading forces of 500 gm., and the microstains of both trabecular and compact bone were calculated separately when the thickness of the compact bone was at 1mm or 2mm. The microstrains were calculated at 4 different …

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The Effects Of 6 Weeks Of High Intensity Interval Training Vs. Moderate Intensity Training On Changes In Body Composition, Corey Noles Jan 2015

The Effects Of 6 Weeks Of High Intensity Interval Training Vs. Moderate Intensity Training On Changes In Body Composition, Corey Noles

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THE EFFECTS OF 6 WEEKS OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING VS. MODERATE INTENSITY TRAINING ON CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION COREY NOLES KINESIOLOGY ABSTRACT Background: It is important to identify strategies to promote exercise adherence and to identify an optimal exercise stimulus to prevent adverse health outcomes associated with obesity. Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has recently been shown to improve a number of cardiometabolic health outcomes similarly to moderate intensity exercise training (MIT) despite requiring 1 hr of training per week for HIIT vs 6 hrs for ET. However, less is known about HIIT and its effects on body composition. …

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Transcriptional Regulation Of The Human Ribosomal Rna Gene, Blake L. Atwood Jan 2015

Transcriptional Regulation Of The Human Ribosomal Rna Gene, Blake L. Atwood

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The ribosome has the major role of synthesizing almost all the proteins of the cell. One of the main structural components of the ribosome are the ribosomal RNAs 18S, 28S, 5.8S and the 5S which are bound by numerous proteins to make up a fully functional unit. In the human genome there are approximately 400 copies of the rRNA gene, which contains all but the 5S rRNA in one long transcription unit. This gene is found in tandem repeats on the acrocentric arm of chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22. It is critical that this gene is tightly regulated …

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In- Vitro Wear Of Four Cad-Cam Materials In The Uab Wear Simulating Device, Ritika Bansal Jan 2015

In- Vitro Wear Of Four Cad-Cam Materials In The Uab Wear Simulating Device, Ritika Bansal

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In- vitro Wear of Four CAD- CAM Materials in the UAB Wear Simulating Device RITIKA BANSAL MS IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY ABSTRACT Hybrid ceramic/polymer blocks represent a new category of CAD/CAM materials that do not require heat treatment following milled fabrication and limited clinically relevant mechanical properties of these materials are available. Purpose: This study measures the hardness, flexural strength, modulus, and wear of 3 ceramic/polymer hybrid materials (LAVA Ultimate, Enamic, and Cerasmart), 2 reference glass ceramics (IPS e.max and Celtra Duo), and 1 reference composite material (Paradigm MZ100). Methods: Flexural strength specimens (n=10) (2.5 × 2.5 × 16 mm) were …

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An Analysis Of Selecting Personal Protective Equipment Clothing Used In Foundries, Quachel Bazile Jan 2015

An Analysis Of Selecting Personal Protective Equipment Clothing Used In Foundries, Quachel Bazile

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A foundry is a type of factory that deals with producing metal casting. The metals are casted in to shape by being melted into liquid and is then poured into the mold. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn to protect the worker from the hazard that engineering control cannot protect the worker from. A Private company wanted to evaluate their current PPE clothing to understand how well they protect a worker against molten metal splash PPE clothing was tested using the American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM) standard F955-07 entitled "Evaluating Heat Transfer through Materials for Protective Clothing upon Contact …

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Mechanisms Of Npy-Induced Phase Shifts And Gsk3 Modulation Of Rhythmic Molecular Clock Gene Expression, Neurophysiological Function, And Memory., Rachel Besing Jan 2015

Mechanisms Of Npy-Induced Phase Shifts And Gsk3 Modulation Of Rhythmic Molecular Clock Gene Expression, Neurophysiological Function, And Memory., Rachel Besing

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The current set of studies addresses three main hypotheses. We first tested the hypothesis that NPY-induced phase advances are accompanied by persistent suppression of core circadian clock gene PER2 and are mediated by long-term depression of neuronal excitability in a phase-specific manner. We found that NPY induced phase advances in PER2::LUC cultures, as well as decreased neuronal firing in SCN slices, are largest when NPY is given in the early part of the day and PER2::LUC phase advances were blocked by depolarization with potassium chloride, suggesting that NPY-induced phase advances are mediated by long-term depression of neuronal excitability. The second …

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Modulation Of The Unfolded Protein Response To Delay Apoptosis In An Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa Animal Model, Yogesh Bhootada Jan 2015

Modulation Of The Unfolded Protein Response To Delay Apoptosis In An Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa Animal Model, Yogesh Bhootada

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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of retinal degenerative diseases characterized by the loss of rod photoreceptor cells that can be followed by cone degeneration eventually culminating in total photoreceptor cell loss. This disease affects approximately 1.5 million people worldwide and can be transmitted in an autosomal dominant (ADRP) manner accounting for nearly 30% of all RP cases. Dominant rhodopsin mutations have been divided into class I and class II based on the folding of rhodopsin protein, thermal stability, and chromophore regeneration. A threonine-17-methionine (T17M) mutation in rhodopsin is a class II mutation, characterized by a thermal instability/folding defect and …

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Transferring Virtual Reality Training To Real World Settings In Individuals With Low Vision And Dual-Sensory Impairments, Ellen Lambert Bowman Jan 2015

Transferring Virtual Reality Training To Real World Settings In Individuals With Low Vision And Dual-Sensory Impairments, Ellen Lambert Bowman

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TRANSFERRING VIRTUAL REALITY TRAINING TO REAL WORLD SETTINGS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH LOW VISION AND DUAL-SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS ELLEN LAMBERT BOWMAN VISION SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to determine if individuals with low vision could learn useful visual skills in Virtual Reality and could transfer these skills to the real world. To achieve this goal, one set of Orientation & Mobility (O&M) skills, using the near lane parallel traffic surge to decide the safest timing to cross a signal controlled street, was selected. Twelve participants with vision too poor to use pedestrian signals were randomly assigned to …

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Predictive Modeling Of Ocular Surface Disease States Using Multiple Inflammatory Biomarkers, John L. Bradley Jan 2015

Predictive Modeling Of Ocular Surface Disease States Using Multiple Inflammatory Biomarkers, John L. Bradley

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ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study was to adapt conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) and RNA isolation and processing procedures for gene expression analysis of ocular surface inflammatory biomarkers. The RNA yield and quality should be sufficient to enable quantitative real-time PCR of no less than 12 key target genes, with the goal of differentiating among dry eye groups. This study used the optimized inflammatory biomarker gene expression assay in a patient study to identify differences between dry eye and control participants. Materials and Methods CIC was used to collect conjunctival surface cells from 53 qualifying dry eye and control …

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Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Analysis Of Facial Morphology Of A Colombian Population Compared To Adult Caucasians, Sonia Bravo-Hammett Jan 2015

Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Analysis Of Facial Morphology Of A Colombian Population Compared To Adult Caucasians, Sonia Bravo-Hammett

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Aim: The purpose of this study is to describe the facial morphology of a Colombian population with three-dimensional imaging; and comparing their facial morphology with the Caucasian to create a database for this ethnicity. Materials and Methods: The study included 170 subjects selected from the Valle University in Cali-Colombia; and 1346 Caucasian subjects selected from the Face-Base Data funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. All images were taken on Natural Head Position and captured using a stereo-photogrammetric camera system (3dMDfaceTM); to obtain a three dimensional image of each patient. The subjects were between 19 to 31 …

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Development Of A Conceptual Framework For Pediatric Preparedness Healthcare Coalitions: A Pilot Study, Bryan K. Breland Jan 2015

Development Of A Conceptual Framework For Pediatric Preparedness Healthcare Coalitions: A Pilot Study, Bryan K. Breland

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Natural or man-made disasters overwhelm the resources of a healthcare organization and strain or compromise the provision of medical services to rapidly expanding patient populations. Public and private healthcare organization routinely plan and exercise systems and responses intended to bolster medical care capabilities and increase the capacity of the organization during crisis events. Providers of pediatric emergency medical service are particularly vulnerable to disaster surge, since many pediatric emergency services operate consistently at near capacity. In recent years, policy-makers and medical professionals have begun to look toward healthcare coalitions as a mechanism to rapidly expand resources and capacity for patient …

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The Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Acarbose As A Calorie Restriction Mimetic To Modify Metabolic Outcomes In Mice, Rachel Ann Brewer Jan 2015

The Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Acarbose As A Calorie Restriction Mimetic To Modify Metabolic Outcomes In Mice, Rachel Ann Brewer

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Age-related diseases continue to be a leading cause of death. One of the only replicable methods proven to decrease age-related morbidity and mortality in multiple species is calorie restriction (CR). CR is difficult for human populations to implement, and has a number of associated risks and side effects. A CR mimetic could provide the healthspan- and lifespan-extending benefits of CR without the limitations. Acarbose (ACA), an α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor approved to treat type 2 diabetes in humans, was recently identified as able to extend lifespan in healthy mice. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of …

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The Effect Of Applied Stress On Knowledge Retention In A Multiwall Virtual Environment, David Wayne Brown Jan 2015

The Effect Of Applied Stress On Knowledge Retention In A Multiwall Virtual Environment, David Wayne Brown

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While the science of medicine continues to grow as new discoveries in the treatment of disease are made, the education of existing procedures has not evolved with the growth of new technology. The training of doctors and nurses is still, primarily, one of classrooms and presentations. In addition, this training is predominately focused on treating the patient once they have reached the hospital, with limited thought given to out of hospital emergencies. Simulation labs are present at most schools, but these are limited in their ability to deliver identical scenarios across the entire student population due to variances in personnel …

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Lab-On-A-Brane: A Novel Physiologically Relevant Planar Arterial Model To Study Transendothelial Transport, Karim I. Budhwani Jan 2015

Lab-On-A-Brane: A Novel Physiologically Relevant Planar Arterial Model To Study Transendothelial Transport, Karim I. Budhwani

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The tremendous quality of life impact notwithstanding, cardiovascular diseases and Cancer add up to over US$ 700bn each year in financial costs alone. Aging and population growth are expected to further expand the problem space while drug research and development remain expensive. However, preclinical costs can be substantially mitigated by substituting animal models with in vitro devices that accurately model human cardiovascular transport. Here we present a novel physiologically relevant lab-on-a-brane that simulates in vivo pressure, flow, strain, and shear waveforms associated with normal and pathological conditions in large and small blood vessels for studying molecular transport across the endothelial …

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Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) On Symptoms Of Binge Eating Disorder (Bed) And Sub-Threshold Bed, Emilee Elizabeth Burgess Jan 2015

Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) On Symptoms Of Binge Eating Disorder (Bed) And Sub-Threshold Bed, Emilee Elizabeth Burgess

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The present study investigated the efficacy of a single administration of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to reduce binge eating symptoms, namely food consumption, food cravings, and binge urges, in individuals clinically diagnosed with BED and sub-threshold BED. The study used a within-subjects crossover design whereby each participant received both a real and a sham condition of tDCS in counterbalanced order. Results indicated that tDCS significantly reduced caloric intake of specifically preferred foods during an in-lab eating test, decreased food cravings induced by food photo images, and decreased binge desire on the same day as treatment, compared to sham stimulation. …

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Exploring The Relationship Between Study Abroad And Emotional Intelligence, Michael Joshua Carter Jan 2015

Exploring The Relationship Between Study Abroad And Emotional Intelligence, Michael Joshua Carter

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EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDY ABROAD AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE MICHAEL JOSHUA CARTER EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT Given the increased interest in the academic and behavioral impact of university study abroad programs, the possible relationship between study abroad and emotional intelligence was evaluated. A paper-based survey packet consisting of a researcher-developed demographic questionnaire and the Bar-On EQ-i: 2.0 Emotional Intelligence Quotient Inventory (EQi) was administered to a convenience sample of 144 undergraduate students, ages 19-25, at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. The total sample consisted of two groups: (1) a sample group of undergraduate students who participated in the university study …

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A Multiple Case Study Exploring Factors Promoting Nursing Faculty Satisfaction With Teaching Online In Three Schools Of Nursing In The Southeastern United States, Nancy Pope Wingo Jan 2015

A Multiple Case Study Exploring Factors Promoting Nursing Faculty Satisfaction With Teaching Online In Three Schools Of Nursing In The Southeastern United States, Nancy Pope Wingo

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To address nursing shortages in the healthcare workforce and expand access to higher education, many schools of nursing are offering academic degrees that can be completed mostly online. Nursing schools that consider online programs to be a key part of their strategic plan need faculty who are comfortable and satisfied with teaching online. Yet nursing schools nationwide are facing a shortage of nursing faculty, due to the retirement of aging instructors, high workload, low salaries, and other factors. To foster faculty gratification and promote long-term retention of skilled instructors to teach online, nursing schools need to learn more about factors …

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Examining The Relationship Between Driving Styles Of Teen Drivers And Their Parents, Shannon Michelle Oram Wittig Jan 2015

Examining The Relationship Between Driving Styles Of Teen Drivers And Their Parents, Shannon Michelle Oram Wittig

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Teenage drivers, ages 16 to 19, account for about 16.8% of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in the United States, even though teenagers only represent about 4.4% of the United States population. Several factors increase teenagers’ risk for MVCs including: lack of driving experience, poor ability to identify and anticipate hazards, lack of sensitivity to road complexity and conditions, and increased willingness to take risks. Research has also suggested the importance of parental influences on risky teenage driving. This study examined the effects of parental driving styles, behaviors, and history on teenagers’ driving style using self-reported measures. Overall, it was hypothesized …

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C-Reactive Protein, Autoimmunity, And Inflammation In The Central Nervous System, Tyler T. Wright Jan 2015

C-Reactive Protein, Autoimmunity, And Inflammation In The Central Nervous System, Tyler T. Wright

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C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant whose blood concentration rises in response all types of inflammation. And while CRP is widely used as a clinical marker of inflammation, it has several biological functions, e.g. activation of the classical complement cascade and binding Fcγ receptors in order to mediate multiple immune processes. The full extent of CRP’s physiological activities has not yet been fully elucidated, but there is significant evidence to establish that CRP plays an important role in the onset and progression of autoimmune disease. Seminal work from our lab showed that human CRP, hepatically expressed in transgenic …

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Exploring The Effects Of Direct Contact Compression On Osteogenesis, Shannel Wright Jan 2015

Exploring The Effects Of Direct Contact Compression On Osteogenesis, Shannel Wright

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Clinically, the concept of bone building being the result of mechanical adaptation in healthy individuals has been accepted since Wollf’s Law in 1892. Despite many attempts to understand this mechanism, very little is known about the role mechanical forces play on bone molecularly. Current biomechanical theory supports the concept of osteocytes and bone lining cells creating a three-dimensional network that provides biochemical signaling as a result of mechanical loading. With pressure gradient and interstitial fluid flow models being used as methods of mechanical loading, yet there are still unanswered questions about the validity of both models. The suggested solution lies …

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Nonsense Suppression In A Cftr Mouse Model And Analysis Of Animo Acids Inserted At Cftr Premature Termination Codons In Mammalian Cells, Xiaojiao Xue Jan 2015

Nonsense Suppression In A Cftr Mouse Model And Analysis Of Animo Acids Inserted At Cftr Premature Termination Codons In Mammalian Cells, Xiaojiao Xue

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A nonsense mutation introduces a premature terminations codon (PTC) into an open reading frame (ORF) upstream of a normal stop codon and results in truncated protein production. In frame PTCs account for ~11% of all mutations that cause human genetic diseases. To treat PTC-associated disorders, one approach is to use drugs that facilitate the insertion of amino acids carried by near-cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs at PTCs. Aminoglycosides were shown to suppress nonsense mutations and restore full-length protein production. This process is also termed as readthrough. However, their low efficiency and their potential to induce ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity limits their long-term application for …

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Computational Studies On Alpha-Synuclein In Explicit Solvent: Implications In Parkinson’S Disease, Hongyi Yang Jan 2015

Computational Studies On Alpha-Synuclein In Explicit Solvent: Implications In Parkinson’S Disease, Hongyi Yang

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α-Synuclein (αS) is a cytosolic protein expressed at high levels in the human brain and concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals. Although the precise nature of αS in vivo remains unclear, the aggregation of αS, from its soluble, functional forms into highly organized amyloid fibrils, has been substantially implicated in the pathology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases collectively known as synucleinopathies. The long-term goal of this project is to understand the molecular mechanisms that initiate αS oligomerization in aqueous solution. A novel computational methodology involving protein modeling and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is used in this work. The objective …

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Impact Of Medicare Part D Coverage Gap On Medicare Beneficiaries With Copd: Adherence, Healthcare Resource Use, And Cost, Yanni Fan Yu Jan 2015

Impact Of Medicare Part D Coverage Gap On Medicare Beneficiaries With Copd: Adherence, Healthcare Resource Use, And Cost, Yanni Fan Yu

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Medicare Part D provides prescription drug coverage for beneficiaries to support their pharmacological treatment; however, the complex deductible structure within benefit plans creates a major coverage gap and unexpected consequences. Some evidence has demonstrated reduced adherence resulting from the coverage gap; however, little research has evaluated the effect on healthcare resource use (HRU) and cost, and no studies have been conducted for beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examined the impact of the coverage gap on medication adherence as well as healthcare resource use and medical cost among beneficiaries with COPD. Claims data based on a 5% …

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Socs3 Deficiency In Myeloid Cells Promotes Tumor Development, Hao Yu Jan 2015

Socs3 Deficiency In Myeloid Cells Promotes Tumor Development, Hao Yu

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STAT3 signaling is a major intrinsic pathway for cancer inflammation owing to its frequent activation in malignant cells, and key role in regulating many genes crucial for inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Persistently activated STAT3 increases tumor cell proliferation, survival, and invasion while suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway, and generally function as tumor suppressors. The absence of SOCS3 in particular leads to heightened activation of the STAT3 transcription factor. In the present study, we demonstrate that genetic deletion of SOCS3 specifically in myeloid cells significantly enhances tumor growth, which …

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Intestinal Microbiota And Its Role In Mucosal And Systemic Immune Responses, Qing Zhao Jan 2015

Intestinal Microbiota And Its Role In Mucosal And Systemic Immune Responses, Qing Zhao

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Host-microbiota mutualism is established with long-term co-evolution. The abundant and diverse microbes colonizing on the surface of the host’s body, especially those in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, play an essential role in the development and maturation of the host’s immune system. Failure of intestinal microbial control may lead to the development of an array of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a well-recognized inflammation mediator, Th17 cells are actually among the most abundant effector CD4+ T cells in the normal adult gut. What the role of intestinal Th17 cells is under steady state conditions and how the intestinal …

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Protumorigenic Role Of Cathelicidin-Related Antimicrobial Peptide In Chemotaxis And Differentiation Of Myeloid Lineage During Prostate Cancer Progression, Ha-Ram Cha Jan 2015

Protumorigenic Role Of Cathelicidin-Related Antimicrobial Peptide In Chemotaxis And Differentiation Of Myeloid Lineage During Prostate Cancer Progression, Ha-Ram Cha

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A growing body of evidence indicates a positive correlation between the expression of human antimicrobial peptide leucine leucine 37 (LL-37) and the progression of epithelial cancers, including carcinomas of the breast, lung, ovary, and prostate. Although the molecular mechanisms for this correlation have not yet been clearly elucidated, the primary function of LL-37 as a chemotactic molecule for innate immune effector cells suggests its possible association in coordinating protumorigenic mechanisms mediated by tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Using a mouse model of epithelial prostate cancer (PCa), the present study identified a unique role for cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), a murine orthologue of …

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Intra-Oral Scanning Devices Compared To Traditional Digital Impressions, Terpsithea Christou Jan 2015

Intra-Oral Scanning Devices Compared To Traditional Digital Impressions, Terpsithea Christou

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The aim of this study is to review the state of art concerning 3D optical acquisition techniques and devices currently used in Orthodontics, and determine whether a commercial intra-oral scanner is as accurate as traditional impressions for orthodontic purposes. Materials and Methods: Records of 30 subjects were prospectively acquired and digital models were obtained using an intra-oral scanner, LythosTM by Ormco, and an extra-oral scanner, GOM ATOS Triple Scan II by GOM. Seven parameters indicating linear measurements from predetermined landmarks were measured and analyzed. Paired t tests, plots and bars and Bland and Altman Analysis were used to compare and …

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The Effect Of Joining A Health System On Financial Performance, Kenneth Joseph Cochran Jan 2015

The Effect Of Joining A Health System On Financial Performance, Kenneth Joseph Cochran

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The rate of hospitals merging has increased significantly over the last few years. The number of hospital mergers between 2003 and 2009 averaged 55 per year, while mergers for 2010 and 2011 were 72 and 90, respectfully. This research moved beyond anecdotal reports and by using publicly reported data to not only evaluate the financial success of mergers, but also to look at other factors such as size, ownership, geography, environment (urban vs. rural), and market competitiveness to assess impacts on financial outcomes of mergers. This study examined the effect of joining a hospital system based on financial performance. Further, …

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Behavioral And Developmental Abnormalities In Sult4a1 Deficient Zebrafish, Francis Crittenden Jan 2015

Behavioral And Developmental Abnormalities In Sult4a1 Deficient Zebrafish, Francis Crittenden

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Since its identification in 2000, sulfotransferase (SULT) 4A1 has presented an enigma to the field of cytosolic SULT biology. SULT4A1 is exclusively expressed in neural tissue, is highly conserved, and has been identified in every vertebrate studied to date. Despite this singular level of conservation, no substrate or function for SULT4A1 has been identified. Previous studies demonstrated that SULT4A1 does not bind the obligate sulfate donor, 3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS), yet SULT4A1 is classified as a SULT superfamily member based on sequence and structural similarities to the other SULTs. In this study, RNA-seq was used to search for alterations in gene ex-pression …

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Mitragyna Speciosa: An Analytical Study, Jace Alan Daniels Jan 2015

Mitragyna Speciosa: An Analytical Study, Jace Alan Daniels

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Legal highs are compounds that produce the same psychoactive effects as illicit compounds, but are not legally controlled under the Controlled Substances Act. While Kratom has been used for centuries by Thai laborers, it has recently been offered as a legal high by online markets and local head shops. Kratom is an indigenous plant to Southeast Asia, and the botanical name is Mitragyna speciosa. It is a mild stimulant, and the traditional use is to chew on leaves to overcome fatigue. Kratom is unique in that it is capable of producing both stimulant and sedative effects depending on the dose …

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