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Three-Dimensional Age-Related Changes Of The Adult Male Face, Catherine Haynie Haynie Jan 2016

Three-Dimensional Age-Related Changes Of The Adult Male Face, Catherine Haynie Haynie

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Objectives: The adult population is a fast growing subgroup of orthodontic practices. The facial soft tissues of adults are different from adolescents, and there is significant sexual dimorphism in the aging of facial soft tissue. It is imperative for the orthodontist to understand how aging effects the soft tissues of the face, and to know how male and females differ in this process. The objectives of this study include: 1.) Identification of trends in facial aging among a Caucasian male and African American male sample utilizing three-dimensional surface imaging technology. 2.) Comparison of the aging effects between the Caucasian and …

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Racial Disparities In Cognitive Performance In Older Adults With Diabetes, Samantha Kaytana Henry Jan 2016

Racial Disparities In Cognitive Performance In Older Adults With Diabetes, Samantha Kaytana Henry

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ABSTRACT Racial disparities on measures of cognitive performance are well-documented. The purpose of the current study was to examine education quality and health factors in explaining racial differences in cognitive performance. It was hypothesized that significant differences in test performance between African Americans and Caucasians would remain robust despite controlling for demographics. However, accounting for education quality and diabetes-related factors was expected to reduce racial differences to nonsignificance. Additionally, racial differences between objective test performance and subjective memory ratings were anticipated. The sample consisted of 247 older African American and Caucasian adults with diabetes in the Birmingham area. Participants completed …

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"Sleep Tight, Don't Let The Dysfunction Bite!" The Relationship Between Sleep Problems And Behavioral And Emotional Problems In Adolescence, Meredith Ashley Henry Jan 2016

"Sleep Tight, Don't Let The Dysfunction Bite!" The Relationship Between Sleep Problems And Behavioral And Emotional Problems In Adolescence, Meredith Ashley Henry

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The effects of sleep on behavioral and emotional functioning in a low income, urban sample of 84 African American adolescents was investigated over 3 years (mean ages: 13.36, 14.76, and 16.14 years) of parent and child interviews. Results suggest child-reported sleep duration decreased while all other sleep variables remained stable. Substance use increased over time. Physical aggression and conduct problems decreased; depression, emotional problems, and hyperactivity/inattention remained stable until late adolescence and then decreased. Lower duration of sleep and more sleep problems at age 13 predicted more conduct problems at age 15 which, in turn, predicted less sleep duration and …

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The Cost Of Home Rule: An Alabama Case Study, Mary Elizabeth Hendrix Jan 2016

The Cost Of Home Rule: An Alabama Case Study, Mary Elizabeth Hendrix

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increase calcium and vitamin D consumption in young women is needed.

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Genetic Enhancer Screen With Transition Zone Mutant Nphp-4 Reveals Novel Interactions With Mutation Affecting Intraflagellar Transport And Endocytic Pathways, Scott Henke Jan 2016

Genetic Enhancer Screen With Transition Zone Mutant Nphp-4 Reveals Novel Interactions With Mutation Affecting Intraflagellar Transport And Endocytic Pathways, Scott Henke

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to suggest an association between log(CRP) and smoking, controlling for WC and race.

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The Use Of An Open-Label Placebo To Treat Cancer-Related Fatigue In Cancer Survivors, Theresa Walker Hoenemeyer Jan 2016

The Use Of An Open-Label Placebo To Treat Cancer-Related Fatigue In Cancer Survivors, Theresa Walker Hoenemeyer

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Background: A placebo is an inert substance (e.g., sugar pill) or procedure (e.g., sham surgery) that should confer no beneficial effects. Nonetheless, typically, 30-50% of those randomized to placebos report significant benefits. New studies indicate that the use of disclosed or open-label placebos reduces self-reported symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome, migraine attacks, and major depression. Methods: The investigator conducted a 7-week pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and effects of an open-labeled administration of placebo pills on patient-reported clinical and psychosocial outcomes among cancer survivors seeking relief from cancer-related fatigue. The specific aims of this study were to: …

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Hospital Vertical Integration Into Sub-Acute Care Services, Carolyn Tory Harper Hogan Jan 2016

Hospital Vertical Integration Into Sub-Acute Care Services, Carolyn Tory Harper Hogan

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The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the antecedents and outcomes of hospital vertical integration into Sub-Acute Care (SAC). Using a sequential quanqual mixed methods design, we examined why hospitals adopt a vertical integration strategy and the relationship this strategy has to performance. Findings from this dissertation are important to hospital administrators as they seek to find ways to respond to the changing payment structures established during the Affordable Care Act. The results of this dissertation suggest that not all market and organizational factors are associated with vertical integration strategies toward SAC. They also suggest that vertical integration into …

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The Effect Of Proinflammatory Cytokines On Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein In Pancreatic Beta-Cells, Kyunghee Hong Jan 2016

The Effect Of Proinflammatory Cytokines On Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein In Pancreatic Beta-Cells, Kyunghee Hong

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Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin (IL)-1β, Tumor necrosis factors (TNF) α, and Interferon (IFN)γ, have been implicated as critical mediators of β-cell destruction in diabetes. In addition, although a combination of these three cytokines has been used to mimic the inflammatory conditions of type 1 diabetes in vitro, the mechanisms underlying the effect are not fully understood. Previously, we discovered Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as a key regulator of glucotoxicity-induced β-cell apoptosis and β-cell dysfunction, while deletion of TXNIP prevented type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the regulation of TXNIP have not …

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Administrative Challenges In Pediatric Long-Term Care, Holly Elaine Jarek Jan 2016

Administrative Challenges In Pediatric Long-Term Care, Holly Elaine Jarek

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ABSTRACT This research used a Delphi methodology to solicit challenges that significantly impact the operational success of pediatric long-term care facilities. Further, this study sought to understand the ability of pediatrics administrators to impact, affect, overcome, or resolve these challenges. Round 1 accomplished the desired goal of eliciting a substantial amount of new qualitative information regarding administrative challenges in pediatric long-term care, which previously had been extant in the literature. In Round 2, data were distilled into categories and unique exemplars which in turn were validated by participants. In Round 3, administrators ranked and rated categories and individual challenges in …

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Egesta Of The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus Promote Weight Gain In The Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei, Karen Elizabeth Jensen Jan 2016

Egesta Of The Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus Promote Weight Gain In The Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei, Karen Elizabeth Jensen

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Long-term economic and environmental sustainability of aquaculture will be dependent on utilization of novel nutrient sources and remediation of effluent streams. Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is a method intended to maximize productivity and minimize waste by strategically reusing effluent from a primary, fed species in the production of one or more secondary, extractive species. Such relationships are based on the trophic role of the fed and extractive species in question. Sea urchin egesta are thought to play a role in nutrient cycling in natural habitats by providing an energy source for many coprophagous deposit feeders, suspension feeders, and microbes. The …

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The Effects Of Perceived Stress, Sleep, And Stress Response On Cancer Related Fatigue In 8- To 12-Year-Old Central Nervous System Cancer Survivors, Ann Johnson Jan 2016

The Effects Of Perceived Stress, Sleep, And Stress Response On Cancer Related Fatigue In 8- To 12-Year-Old Central Nervous System Cancer Survivors, Ann Johnson

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Survivors of childhood cancer are a growing population, and knowledge of persistent cancer related fatigue (CRF) is integral to survivorship. CRF in central nervous system (CNS) cancer is multifactorial and may be unique based on treatment and stage of survival. There is a gap in evidence for school-age survivors, especially during early survivorship. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine factors that influence CRF in child CNS cancer survivors at least 6 months and less than 6 years post treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between select factors and CRF and to determine effect …

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Extrema Based Signal Transforms For Biomedical Signal Analysis, Bhadhan Roy Joy Jan 2016

Extrema Based Signal Transforms For Biomedical Signal Analysis, Bhadhan Roy Joy

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Signal transforms are very important tools to extract useful information from scientific, engineering, or medical raw data. Unfortunately, traditional transform techniques impose unrealistic assumptions on the signal, often producing erroneous interpretation of results. Well-known integral transforms, such as short time Fourier transform, though have fast implementation algorithms (e.g., FFT), are still computationally expensive. They have multiple parameters that should be tuned, and it is not readily clear how to tune them for long-duration nonstationary signals. To solve these problems, one needs a computationally inexpensive transform with no parameters that will highlight important data aspects. We propose a simple transform based …

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Resveratrol And Pterostilbene: A Novel Combinatorial Epigenetic Therapy In Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Rishabh Kala Jan 2016

Resveratrol And Pterostilbene: A Novel Combinatorial Epigenetic Therapy In Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Rishabh Kala

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Although the majority of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, progesterone receptor (PGR)-positive and/or HER2 positive, approximately 20% of them are triple-negative and lack ER, PGR and HER2 protein expression. These cancers are robust and hard to treat with conventional hormone therapies. The plant-based dietary compounds resveratrol and pterostilbene (a dimethyl derivative of resveratrol) have been shown to modulate the growth of cancer cells individually via affecting genetic and epigenetic profiles, but none of the studies to date have addressed the effects of these two compounds in combination in targeting triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We have discovered a synergistic effect …

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Malaria, Changes In Angiogenesis Factors, Cytokine Profiles And Birth Outcomes, John A. Keenan Jan 2016

Malaria, Changes In Angiogenesis Factors, Cytokine Profiles And Birth Outcomes, John A. Keenan

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Malaria remains an important public health problem, with over three billion people at risk of infection and as many as 214 million new cases each year. Of particular concern is the effect Plasmodium falciparum malaria has on reproductive health. Malaria is responsible for a wide array of adverse birth outcomes including infant death, low birth weight, preterm delivery and small for gestational age. The mechanism by which malaria influences adverse birth outcomes remains poorly understood. Cross-sectional data from 291 women delivering infants in Ghana are used to investigate whether malaria during pregnancy was associated with select cytokines or angiogenesis factors …

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Chromatic Sensitivity: A New Insight Into Color Discrimination, Micah Jason Kinney Jan 2016

Chromatic Sensitivity: A New Insight Into Color Discrimination, Micah Jason Kinney

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Color discrimination varies between individuals even in the absence of a congenital color vision defect. Attempts to explain this variation have shown no link to macular pigment optical density, L:M cone ratios, non-verbal IQ, or female carriers of color vision deficiencies. This study examined individuals’ relative luminance and color-opponent systems sensitivity to their Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue (FM-100) color discrimination ability. Thirty normal color vision subjects performed FM-100 and increment threshold testing for white, blue, green and red on a 150 cd/m2 white background. White increment thresholds were compared to colored increment thresholds to produce a luminance to color-opponent system sensitivity ratio …

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The Matricellular Protein Ccn1 Potentiates Fibrogenic Responses To Lung Injury, Ashish Kurundkar Jan 2016

The Matricellular Protein Ccn1 Potentiates Fibrogenic Responses To Lung Injury, Ashish Kurundkar

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Normal wound healing is a well-coordinated reparative response to injury aimed at restoring the normal tissue function. The dynamic interactions between cells and ex-tracellular matrix (ECM) regulate and dictate the fate of tissue repair process. Fibrosis is a dysregulated wound healing with excessive deposition of ECM and loss of tissue func-tion. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic disease of lung with no cure. Matricellular proteins are non-structural matrix proteins which regulates the cellular functions by directly binding to cell surface integrins and/or indirectly modulating growth factor signaling. Matricellular proteins are emerging as critical mediators of tissue injury …

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White Matter Abnormalities In Patients With Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures, Seongtaek Lee Jan 2016

White Matter Abnormalities In Patients With Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures, Seongtaek Lee

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The aim of the present study was to investigate white matter diffusion abnormalities using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). The total subjects consisted of 16 patients with a definite diagnosis of PNES and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). The diagnosis of PNES was confirmed by inpatient video/EEG monitoring; patients with epileptic seizures, additional types of seizures of unknown etiology, or who had an abnormal EEG indicating possible comorbid epilepsy were excluded. Also, HCs had no known history of comorbid neurological or psychiatric disorders. Whole brain fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) …

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Leukemia Stem Cell Markers And Inv(16) In Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Jason Legrand Jan 2016

Leukemia Stem Cell Markers And Inv(16) In Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Jason Legrand

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Although greater than 85% of inv(16) acute myeloid leukemia patients are able to achieve first complete remission after anthracycline- and cytarabine-based therapy, only about 60% of patients survive the disease long-term due to relapsed disease or treatment-related mortality. Multiple studies have shown that acute myeloid leukemia is composed of heterogeneous populations of leukemic clones that can exhibit a wide degree of genetic, epigenetic, and functional diversity, accounting for different outcomes in response to therapy. Genomic analysis of leukemic clones in paired diagnostic and relapse samples of acute myeloid leukemia has shown that all relapses stem from surviving leukemic or ancestral …

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Regulation Of Breast Cancer Metastasis By Sin3 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes, Monica Jeanene Lewis Jan 2016

Regulation Of Breast Cancer Metastasis By Sin3 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes, Monica Jeanene Lewis

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Metastasis continues to be the most difficult clinical challenge for breast cancer. Survival rates for patients with metastatic breast cancer have not significantly changed in the past 20 years. Therefore, we need a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate breast cancer metastasis to develop effective therapies. SIN3 chromatin remodeling complexes have been implicated in breast cancer progression. Mammalian cells have two paralogs of SIN3 (SIN3A and SIN3B) that are encoded by distinct genes and have unique functions during development. However, specific roles for SIN3A and SIN3B in breast cancer progression have not been characterized. To better understand how …

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Analysis Of The Ciliary Genes Gas8 And Mks6 Reveal Conserved Roles In Cilia Motility And Transition Zone Function, Wesley Robert Lewis Jan 2016

Analysis Of The Ciliary Genes Gas8 And Mks6 Reveal Conserved Roles In Cilia Motility And Transition Zone Function, Wesley Robert Lewis

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Cilia are microtubule based cellular appendages that are present throughout the hierarchy of the animal kingdom. These appendages are utilized for a wide array of functions such as motility in single celled organisms to coordinating complex cellular signaling pathways in more complex organisms. Though these appendages are well conserved, the exact function of cilia in many cell types remains unknown. Recently, cilia are tied to a myriad of developmental diseases and diseases of adult homeostasis collectively referred to as ciliopathies. Dysfunction in cilia results in a wide array of phenotypes ranging from retinal degeneration to polydactyly, cystic kidney disease, and …

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The Effect Of The Combination Of Low Income And Low Education, Access To Care, And Social Isolation On Chd Outcomes In The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Cohort Study, Marquita Lewis Jan 2016

The Effect Of The Combination Of Low Income And Low Education, Access To Care, And Social Isolation On Chd Outcomes In The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Cohort Study, Marquita Lewis

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) disparities persist for low socioeconomic populations, in spite of declines globally. In order to reduce these disparities, it is critical that investigators better understand determinants of health that exacerbate these disparities. This study investigated the association between the combination of low income and low education on CHD incidence, and the mediating effects of access to care and social isolation on this association. Data was used from participants recruited between 2003-2007 free of CHD at baseline from the national biracial prospective Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study of participants aged >45 years. …

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Development Of A Split Luciferase Complementation Assay To Investigate Growth Hormone Receptor/ Prolactin Receptor Homo-/ Hetero-Association, Ying Liu Jan 2016

Development Of A Split Luciferase Complementation Assay To Investigate Growth Hormone Receptor/ Prolactin Receptor Homo-/ Hetero-Association, Ying Liu

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Growth hormone receptor (GHR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) are transmembrane glycoproteins cytokine receptors that are structurally homologous. Each can pre-homodimerize and ligand binding of each activates JAK2-STAT signaling pathways by inducing conformational change within the receptor homodimer. Human GHR can be activated by growth hormone (GH) while human PRLR can be activated by both GH and prolactin (PRL). We devised a split luciferase complementation assay, in which one receptor is fused to the N-terminal fragment of luciferase and the other receptor is fused to the C-terminal fragment of luciferase. When the two receptors approximate, luciferase activity (complementation) results. Using this …

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Histopathology And Image Validation Of Outer Retinal Tubulations In Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Katie M. Litts Jan 2016

Histopathology And Image Validation Of Outer Retinal Tubulations In Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Katie M. Litts

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High-resolution imaging of the retina using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) is revealing new information about photoreceptor degeneration in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other diseases impacting rod and cone photoreceptors. By SD-OCT, the hyperreflective outer retinal bands are visible due to the precise vertical compartmentalization and horizontal alignment of outer retinal cells and tissues (Müller cells, photoreceptors, RPE, and Bruch’s membrane). Validating these bands with normal eyes is difficult because the outer retina is very delicate making accurate histology requiring attached retina and vertically aligned photoreceptors challenging. Conversely, the bands are …

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Buckypapers For Use In Air Sampling, Jonghwa Oh Jan 2016

Fabrication And Characterization Of Buckypapers For Use In Air Sampling, Jonghwa Oh

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FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BUCKYPAPERS FOR USE IN AIR SAMPLING JONGHWA OH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES ABSTRACT Occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a concern from a public health perspective. In many industrial activities, workers’ exposure to VOCs can be sufficiently high to induce adverse health effects, so their monitoring is necessary. In exposure assessment, post sampling extraction and quantification are the typical analytical procedures. Recently, our group developed the photothermal desorption (PTD) technique in which a pulse of light thermally desorbs an analyte directly from a sorbent. Advantages of this technique are; it is solvent free, repeated analysis …

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Ribosomal Protein L12 (Rpl12) As A Novel Target In Cystic Fibrosis, Kathryn E. Oliver Jan 2016

Ribosomal Protein L12 (Rpl12) As A Novel Target In Cystic Fibrosis, Kathryn E. Oliver

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Approximately 1,000 new cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) are diagnosed in the United States every year. The disease is caused by over 1,700 naturally occurring variants in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Defects in the CFTR coding sequence contribute to variable disease severity in the patient population. The majority of individuals born with CF harbor at least one specific mutation in CFTR termed F508del. Clinical manifestations of CF include severe damage of multiple exocrine tissues, including the lungs, intestine, pancreas, reproductive and other organ systems. An overarching goal of our work is to identify cellular targets that contribute to …

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Machine Learning Of Composite Concepts And The Alleviation Of The Content Completeness Problem In Text Mention Normalization, John David Osborne Jan 2016

Machine Learning Of Composite Concepts And The Alleviation Of The Content Completeness Problem In Text Mention Normalization, John David Osborne

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A critical area in the field of information extraction is the assignment of ontological categories (meaning) to fragments of natural language. These fragments are termed ``utterances'' when referring to a continuous fragment or ``mentions'' when the fragment may be discontinuous. In text, most approaches to ontological assignment use named entity recognition (NER) to first discover mention boundaries. This can then be followed by a concept recognition or normalization process to assign a more precise conceptual category to the NER discovered mention. Typically this semantic assignment is represented by only a single identifier from an ontology. If the provided semantic categories …

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Targeting The Tumor-Promoting Microenvironment With Inhibitors Of Pro-Hgf Activation, Benjamin Yaw Owusu Jan 2016

Targeting The Tumor-Promoting Microenvironment With Inhibitors Of Pro-Hgf Activation, Benjamin Yaw Owusu

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The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), commonly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts, mediates signaling via its receptor, MET, and promotes survival, proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. In addition, HGF dependence has emerged as a hallmark of therapeutic resistance. HGF is secreted as an inactive precursor, pro-HGF, which requires proteolytic cleavage and processing to form the mature, active HGF. This is the rate-limiting step in the HGF/MET signaling pathway and it is achieved by one of the serine proteases, matriptase, hepsin and HGF activator (HGFA). At Southern Research, we …

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Dietary Patterns, Insulin Resistance, And Cognitive Outcomes In A Cohort Of Black And White Americans, Keith Pearson Jan 2016

Dietary Patterns, Insulin Resistance, And Cognitive Outcomes In A Cohort Of Black And White Americans, Keith Pearson

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As life expectancy continues to increase and the number of elderly Americans rises, public health initiatives are seeking to identify modifiable risk factors to preserve cognitive function and increase quality of life in advanced ages. The primary objective of this dissertation was to investigate dietary patterns, carbohydrate consumption, and insulin resistance as modifiable risk factors that may contribute to the development of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline. Three separate studies were performed in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study, a prospective cohort containing 30,239 black and white participants. Cognitive impairment was defined using the Six-Item Screener. …

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Joint Intervention In Opposing Pathways, Pi3k/Akt And Tgf-Beta, With Px-866 And Raloxifene, To Alter Gene Expression And Suppress Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Gregory William Peek Jan 2016

Joint Intervention In Opposing Pathways, Pi3k/Akt And Tgf-Beta, With Px-866 And Raloxifene, To Alter Gene Expression And Suppress Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Gregory William Peek

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For each regulatory pathway implementing environmental or internal messages, there is at least one additional pathway to relay a message to override or modify the original message, in the event of new or conflicting input. The opposing pathway may also be an instrument for negative feedback or redundancy as well as for transmission of additional encountered conditions or considerations. Because the multiple disease conditions based on aberrant cell cycle proliferation often require a level of correction independent of opposing feedback, selection of opposing pathways for complementary joint input is a practical approach to cancer and related proliferation-associated diseases. Accordingly, I …

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A Quantitative Study Of Job Satisfaction Of Assistant Principals In Alabama Public Schools, James Albert Rainey Jan 2016

A Quantitative Study Of Job Satisfaction Of Assistant Principals In Alabama Public Schools, James Albert Rainey

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The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if a relationship existed between job satisfaction levels and certain demographic characteristics among public school assistant principals in the State of Alabama. Research on assistant principals was limited but revealed assistant principals do not feel prepared for their role and responsibilities. Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory was used by combining the six facets of work on present job, supervision, people on your present job, job in general, opportunities for promotion, and pay to determine the overall level of job satisfaction for individual assistant principals. Public school assistant principals across the state of Alabama …

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