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Global Analysis Of Rpl12 Epistasis Within The Yor1-Δf Biogenesis Network, Mert Icyuz Jan 2018

Global Analysis Of Rpl12 Epistasis Within The Yor1-Δf Biogenesis Network, Mert Icyuz

All ETDs from UAB

In frame deletion of the phenylalanine residue at position 508 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR-ΔF508) results in protein misfolding and degradation, which reduces expression and function at the plasma membrane. The resulting loss of chloride and bicarbonate transport is the molecular basis of cystic fibrosis (CF). The F508-analogous mutation in the yeast oligomycin resistance 1 gene, yor1-ΔF670, has the same molecular consequences, but the phenotypic consequence is reduced resistance to growth inhibition by oligomycin. Comprehensive, systematic and quantitative analysis Yor1-ΔF gene modifiers has been demonstrated as a powerful way to further characterize known and to discover novel …

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Improving The Quality Of Public Service In Developing World: A Case Study Of Governmental Organizations In Herat City, Afghanistan, Firooz Jahani Jan 2018

Improving The Quality Of Public Service In Developing World: A Case Study Of Governmental Organizations In Herat City, Afghanistan, Firooz Jahani

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Since the Taliban collapse in 2001, Afghanistan has made progress in providing public services to its citizens. The quantity of public services provided by governmental agencies has increased but whether the quality of these services has increased remains a question. The purpose of this thesis is to study the quality of public services delivered by governmental agencies in Herat City, Afghanistan. A modified Gap Model of Service Quality (SERVQUAL) Scale was used in this study to assess the citizens’ perceptions and expectations of public services. A survey was administered to a sample of 2,565 citizens receiving services from 57 governmental …

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Algorithmic Accountability And Individual Rights: A Case Study Analysis, Karina Jaimes Jan 2018

Algorithmic Accountability And Individual Rights: A Case Study Analysis, Karina Jaimes

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ABSTRACT Algorithms are becoming widespread and their use is set to expand, but it must be emphasized that, although constructive and transformative, they can also be destructive and counterproductive. Various types of organizations utilize algorithms, including government. The consequences of poorly constructed algorithms could lead to the infringement of citi-zens’ individual rights. Exploring two algorithms as case studies allows us to understand government use of algorithms and the ethics associated with them, especially in relation to the potential for the violation of rights. The application of privacy and anti-discrimination as lenses through which algorithms can be analyzed allows government officials …

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Endothelin-1 And The Diurnal Regulation Of Sodium Excretion, Jermaine Gajrae Johnston Jan 2018

Endothelin-1 And The Diurnal Regulation Of Sodium Excretion, Jermaine Gajrae Johnston

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Healthy individuals typically have a diurnal rhythm in sodium (Na+) excretion, with levels higher during the daytime and lower at nighttime. While the mechanism behind this rhythm is not yet fully understood, molecular clock genes such as Bmal1 may contribute to the diurnal variation in urinary Na+ excretion (UNaV). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide that aids in the regulation of Na+ balance through activation of the endothelin B (ETB) receptor. Although the ETB receptor has been shown to play an important role in promoting natriuresis, whether this varies according to time of day is unknown. This dissertation examines the role …

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Fracture Strength Of Translucent Zirconia Crowns, Carlos Alberto Jurado Jan 2018

Fracture Strength Of Translucent Zirconia Crowns, Carlos Alberto Jurado

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To measure and compare crown fracture load of a new translucent zirconia. Methods: 72 Standarized crown preparations were designed with AutoCAD software with a 0.8mm shoulder margin and 1 mm incisal-cervical marginal curvature. A stylized crown with a 1mm thickness and 0.8mm minimum thickness in the central pit was designed in 3shape software. Tooth dies were milled out of a resin composite (Crystal Ultra) that has a similar modulus as dentin (Modulus 10 GPa). Crowns were fabricated and prepared into the following groups: 24 crowns of translucent zirconia (Lava Esthetic, 3M), 8 bonded with resin cement (Group 1), …

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Prenatal And Postnatal Factors Regulate Food Intake And Body Composition, Minsung Kang Jan 2018

Prenatal And Postnatal Factors Regulate Food Intake And Body Composition, Minsung Kang

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This research sought to identify the effects of prenatal and postnatal factors on systemic metabolism and the regulation of food intake, weight, and body composition. It was found that the manipulation of maternal diets influenced the systemic metabolism of offspring. The offspring of dams fed an isocaloric, low protein diet were significantly smaller and consumed less food than offspring from dams fed a control diet. In the case of the offspring from dams fed a western diet, they were significantly heavier and consumed more food than offspring from dams fed a control diet. In addition, the offspring showed altered glucose …

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Examining The Relationship Between Teacher Beliefs, Prekindergartener’S Self-Regulation And Classroom Quality: Informing Professional Development Programs, Cailin Jane Kerch Jan 2018

Examining The Relationship Between Teacher Beliefs, Prekindergartener’S Self-Regulation And Classroom Quality: Informing Professional Development Programs, Cailin Jane Kerch

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The purpose of this convergent parallel, mixed methods study was to examine and explore the relationship between subjective teacher beliefs, classroom quality, and pre-kindergartener’s self-regulatory abilities within a publicly funded pre-kindergarten program. Teacher subjective beliefs (beliefs of classroom management, classroom practice, and beliefs of children) were studied operantly using Q-Methodology, in addition to, audio-recorded focus groups to explore the lived experience of teachers within the sample (n = 20). Classroom quality was measured using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) and pre-kindergartener’s self-regulatory abilities were studied using pre/post proxy items from the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers, Second Edition …

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Examining Factors That Contribute To Motives For Marijuana Use Among African American Adolescents, Vinetra Loette King Jan 2018

Examining Factors That Contribute To Motives For Marijuana Use Among African American Adolescents, Vinetra Loette King

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Marijuana is the most frequently used illicit substance by adolescents in the United States. African American adolescents tend to use marijuana at higher rates and suffer from more severe consequences compared to Caucasian adolescents. Additionally, African American adolescents may be more vulnerable to psychosocial factors, such as depression, post-traumatic stress, and associating with substance using peers that may cause them to use marijuana for specific reasons. These vulnerabilities may contribute to African American adolescents using marijuana at a higher rate than their Caucasian counterparts. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of mental health problems …

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Exploring Long-Haul Truck Drivers' Cpap Use When Working Over The Road, Kenya D. Kirkendoll Jan 2018

Exploring Long-Haul Truck Drivers' Cpap Use When Working Over The Road, Kenya D. Kirkendoll

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic health condition affecting an estimated 13-26% of U.S. adults. The condition is characterized by partial or total airway collapse. It has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus morbidity. Risk factors include middle-age, obesity, male gender, narrowed airway, and smoking. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the recommended treatment for OSA. Though it is an effective treatment modality, uptake and adherence to CPAP remains low. With concern for public safety, OSA has received a great amount of attention in the trucking industry. When working over the road, long-haul truck drivers …

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Evaluating Fty720 As An Anticancer Agent In Models Of Ovarian Cancer, Kelly Marie Kreitzburg Jan 2018

Evaluating Fty720 As An Anticancer Agent In Models Of Ovarian Cancer, Kelly Marie Kreitzburg

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Despite satisfactory initial responses to frontline therapies that combine tumor debulking with platinum and taxane-based chemotherapies, ovarian cancer remains the principle cause of gynecological malignancies. Drug resistance at relapse contributes to poor outcomes for women diagnosed with advanced disease and underscores the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Compelling data have implicated bioactive sphingolipids and their metabolism in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Aberrations in sphingolipid metabolism that limit levels of the tumor suppressor lipid ceramide contribute to chemotherapy resistance. This dissertation presents work investigating the anticancer efficacy of the immunomodulatory drug FTY720. The sphingosine analog FTY720 has shown …

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Mobile Rhetorics: Laptop Stickers, Emplacement, And Circulation, Kathleen Kryger Jan 2018

Mobile Rhetorics: Laptop Stickers, Emplacement, And Circulation, Kathleen Kryger

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This thesis proposes that a new materialist rhetorical investigation of stickers placed on mobile objects of personal use allows scholars to recognize a semiotic and rhetorical connection between human rhetors and the objects of their daily lives. To explore this connection, I analyze stickers situated on laptop computers through their materiality, their geosemiotic emplacement, and their potential rhetorical circulation patterns. Stickers placed on such mobile objects capitalize on their rhetorical consequentiality through their situatedness in the physical world and their connection to the human rhetors positioned in relation to the objects. This work hopes to shift the perception of objects …

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Assessment Of Head Asymmetry In Prematurely Born Children During Early Childhood Using 3d Photography, Panagiotis Kyteas Jan 2018

Assessment Of Head Asymmetry In Prematurely Born Children During Early Childhood Using 3d Photography, Panagiotis Kyteas

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The aim of this study is to assess the course of plagiocephaly during early childhood in preterm and fullterm children and determine any differences throughout the given timeframe between the two groups. Materials and Methods: 34 preterm and 34 fullterm children born in the Oulu University Hospital, Finland attended the clinical study at the age of 3 (T1), 6 (T2), (T3) months and 3 years (T4). At each visit, 3D images of the head were obtained using a 3dMD head 5-pod camera system (3dMD, Atlanta, GA). Nine outcome variables including 2D and 3D measurements were calculated. Results: At T1, 26.47% …

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An Investigation Of Sla Class Ii As A Xenoantigen, Joseph Ladowski Jan 2018

An Investigation Of Sla Class Ii As A Xenoantigen, Joseph Ladowski

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Xenotransplantation, using genetically-modified pigs as organ donors, is a potential solution to the growing transplant organ shortage. Avoiding antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the remaining hurdle to widespread application. The development of a triple glycan knockout pig reduced antibody binding to clinically acceptable levels, allowing for the screening of the history of antibodies to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In allotransplantation, the MHC is a group of proteins divided into two classes and anti-MHC antibodies possess the ability to cause both acute and chronic AMR. The pig MHC, the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), is a hypothesized target of antibodies. This dissertation …

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Apoe E4 Carrier Status And Prestroke Cognitive Function In A Case/Cohort Sample Of Incident Stroke From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Caroline Lassen-Greene Jan 2018

Apoe E4 Carrier Status And Prestroke Cognitive Function In A Case/Cohort Sample Of Incident Stroke From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Caroline Lassen-Greene

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This study explores the role of ApoE e4 in cognitive function and incident stroke to better understand the risk of cognitive decline associated with both normal aging and dementia. ApoE e4 is a genetic risk factor for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and may have detrimental effects on cerebrovascular integrity by increasing the risk of acquiring cerebrovascular abnormalities such as white matter lesions (WMLs), infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds. Subtle cognitive impairments may reflect these clinically undetected brain vascular pathologies that also are associated with increased likelihood of incident stroke. Results of the study revealed that ApoE e4 was associated with …

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The Effects Of Glucose And Amino Acid Restriction On Protein Turnover And Micro-Rna Composition In The Muscle Of Rainbow Trout, Mary Neslund Latimer Jan 2018

The Effects Of Glucose And Amino Acid Restriction On Protein Turnover And Micro-Rna Composition In The Muscle Of Rainbow Trout, Mary Neslund Latimer

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Changes in nutritional status, through glucose and amino acid restriction, have the ability to augment both the protein turnover and micro-RNA (miR) composition in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the restriction of glucose in the media for a period of 24h was able to reduce protein synthesis by 41.2% compared to control conditions. In addition, 48h of glucose restriction affected the expression of both mstn2a and igfbp5, genes involved in muscle growth dynamics and synthesis. The restriction of amino acids, specifically the amino acid methionine, in vitro was able to reduce the …

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Genetic Influences On Rheumatoid Arthritis In Global Populations, Vincent Albert Laufer Jan 2018

Genetic Influences On Rheumatoid Arthritis In Global Populations, Vincent Albert Laufer

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease having numerous genetic and environmental risk factors the interplay of which produces RA pathobiology. While the sheer number of genetic and environmental risk factors complicates understanding of disease biology, understanding has progressed far enough for insight into the most likely mechanisms for the development of the disease. Modern studies of the genetics of RA are massively parallel, enabling researchers to systematically interrogate variants throughout the human genome for associations in genome-wide association studies or GWAS. Such studies have been carried out in European and Asian cohorts many times, and the most recent RA …

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Conserved Tcr Dβ Biases Cdr-B3 Content And Alters T Cell Development And Function, Michael Steven Levinson Jan 2018

Conserved Tcr Dβ Biases Cdr-B3 Content And Alters T Cell Development And Function, Michael Steven Levinson

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T cell receptor (TCR) is a surface glycoprotein found on T cells that recognizes peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (pMHC). Each TCR is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (α) and a beta (β) chain that are created by rearrangements of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments in the thymus. The most diverse component of the β chain is its third complementarity determining region, or CDR-B3. CDR-B3 is created de novo for each individual T cell by VDJ rearrangement and together with its TCRα partner, CDR-A3, creates the center of the TCR pMHC binding …

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Growth And Analysis Of Transition-Metal-Doped Znse-Based Materials And Thin Film Structures For Mid-Infrared Optoelectronic Applications, Zachary R. Lindsey Jan 2018

Growth And Analysis Of Transition-Metal-Doped Znse-Based Materials And Thin Film Structures For Mid-Infrared Optoelectronic Applications, Zachary R. Lindsey

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Transition metal (TM)-doped II-VI semiconductor thin films have been shown to be attractive materials for mid-infrared (mid-IR) laser sources due to broad applicability in the sensing and detection of a wide range of organic molecules. Specifically, when ZnSe is doped with Cr2+ ions, the resulting broadband emission characteristics in the 2-3 µm spectral range create the potential for tunable lasing in the mid-IR. This dissertation research is motivated by the need for low cost, efficient, portable materials to be incorporated into multilayered mid-IR optoelectronic devices providing appropriate optical confinement, efficient quantum confinement of carriers, and optical emission in the mid-IR …

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The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little Jan 2018

The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little

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Many dietary exposures have weak or null associations with glioma risk. As nutrition can affect growth rate in adolescence, body size throughout the lifespan, and the propensity for Type 2 diabetes, the goal of this project was to examine the relationships between these surrogates of nutritional states and the risk of glioma. The aims of this project were to examine the associations between glioma risk and 1) self-reported body measures; 2) age when full height was attained; 3) and a history of diabetes. To investigate the first aim, 1,111 glioma cases and 1,096 community controls completed a structured interview to …

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Bone Marrow Transplantation In A Mouse Model Of Cooley’S Anemia, Jonathan Russell Lockhart Jan 2018

Bone Marrow Transplantation In A Mouse Model Of Cooley’S Anemia, Jonathan Russell Lockhart

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β-thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders that result in defects in β-globin chain production. Cooley’s anemia (CA), or β-thalassemia major, is the most severe form of the disease and occurs when an individual has mutations in both copies of the adult β-globin gene. Patients with CA fail to make adult hemoglobin, have ineffective erythropoiesis, suffer from severe anemia, and are transfusion dependent for life. Currently, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only cure; however, few patients have suitable donors for this procedure that carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. To develop new and safer alternatives …

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The Oxidative Tyrosine Modification, O,O’-Dityrosine, In Lung Disease, Morgan Locy Jan 2018

The Oxidative Tyrosine Modification, O,O’-Dityrosine, In Lung Disease, Morgan Locy

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The oxidative tyrosine modification, o,o′-dityrosine, has been identified in various pathologic conditions associated with oxidative stress in mammalian systems, and demonstrated to be important in physiologic processes in invertebrate organisms. The formation of o,o’-dityrosine is catalyzed by a heme peroxidase (hPx) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The understanding of this stable, covalent tyrosine modifica-tion in lung biology is limited. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, including interstitial lung disease (ILD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We observed that the oxidative protein modification, o,o’-dityrosine, was markedly ele-vated in the circulating plasma of ILD patients …

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Characterization Of Top Three Nonfatal Occupational Injuries, 2012-2014, Levent Onat Jan 2018

Characterization Of Top Three Nonfatal Occupational Injuries, 2012-2014, Levent Onat

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Characterization of nonfatal occupational contact with object or equipment injuries, falls on same level injuries, and overexertion injuries involving outside sources that are considered as the top three occupational injuries comprise this study. The injury data from 2012 to 2014 have been obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - Occupational Supplement (NEISS-Work) which collects the data from a national probability-based sample of U.S. Hospital Emergency Departments (EDs). The data for selected variables were queried for the three most-occurring injury categories by using Work-Related Injury Statistics Query System (WORK-RISQS). Worker demographics and their impacts on injury characteristics have been …

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Neuropsychological Functioning And Return-To-Learn Among Adolescents With Concussion, Jilian Alyse O'Neill Jan 2018

Neuropsychological Functioning And Return-To-Learn Among Adolescents With Concussion, Jilian Alyse O'Neill

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Many children who experience concussions are faced with injury-related neurocognitive deficits. The reintegration of these children back into sports is controversial, yet little is known empirically about the effects concussions have on school re-entry and subsequent academic performance. Concussion symptom assessment instruments such as the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool – 3rd Edition (SCAT-3) are often used to guide decisions regarding the return to sports and re-integration to school; however, knowledge regarding the relationship between this tool and aspects of cognitive functioning is limited. Return to school, often termed “return to learn” in the literature, is a relatively new phenomenon that …

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Neighborhood Disorder And Risky Sexual Behaviors In Adolescents, Catheryn Orihuela Jan 2018

Neighborhood Disorder And Risky Sexual Behaviors In Adolescents, Catheryn Orihuela

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This present study addresses the effect of neighborhood decay and a need for security on early sexual initiation, use of contraception, number of sexual partners, teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI). As part of a larger investigation of adolescent health (Healthy Passages) the sample included 1,253 youth who were recruited from 5th grade classrooms in public schools in Birmingham, Alabama and followed throughout adolescence [1]. At baseline (Mage=11 years), trained observers completed assessments of neighborhood decay and security; geocoded census tract data yielded a composite measure of concentrated poverty; and youth and parents reported on their demographics and family …

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Bioprocess Development For Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies And High Value Biochemical, Jianfa Ou Jan 2018

Bioprocess Development For Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies And High Value Biochemical, Jianfa Ou

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Cancer treatment is one of the most daunting challenges of human health improvement. Bioprocess development, or biomanufacturing, is an important step in anti-cancer therapy developments. Novel surface receptors were revealed by integrating proteomics data and live-cell characterization, and were used for antibody design with improved specific targeting. A high titer (>2 g/L) of monoclonal antibody (mAb) was produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells from fed-batch cell culture. Live-cell confocal microscopy imaging and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the strong and specific binding of the produced mAb to cancer cell lines. The cancer treatment effect of mAb was enhanced through the …

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A Mixed Methods Study Evaluating A Pediatric To Adult Care Transition Program For Sickle Cell Disease, Ardie Vanessa Pack-Mabien Jan 2018

A Mixed Methods Study Evaluating A Pediatric To Adult Care Transition Program For Sickle Cell Disease, Ardie Vanessa Pack-Mabien

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A MIXED METHODS STUDY EVALUATING A PEDIATRIC TO ADULT CARE TRANSITION PROGRAM FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE ARDIE VANESSA PACK-MABIEN SCHOOL OF NURSING ABSTRACT Sickle cell disease is a potentially life-threatening hereditary hematological disorder. Transition from pediatric to adult care is a challenging process for many adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease. These challenges involve the adolescent, young adult, family caregiver, health care provider, and health care system. To address the challenges, a limited number of sickle cell centers have developed transition programs to facilitate the transition process. However, research on transition programs is sparse. To address this gap, …

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Aberrant Astrocyte Maturation Contributes To Rett Syndrome Pathogenesis, Natasha Lynn Pacheco Jan 2018

Aberrant Astrocyte Maturation Contributes To Rett Syndrome Pathogenesis, Natasha Lynn Pacheco

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Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the transcriptional modulator, Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2). RTT is characterized by motor, behavioral and physiological deficits. MECP2 mutations are associated with other disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability, underscoring the important role of MeCP2 for typical brain function. Much of our understanding of MeCP2 function is derived from transcriptomic studies carried out over the last 10 years with the general assumption that alterations in the transcriptome correlate with proteomic changes. Advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have facilitated recent interest in the examination of global protein expression. In …

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The Relationship Of Cognitive Decline And Impairment To The Ad8 And Activities Of Living In The Regards Sample, Jesse S. Passler Jan 2018

The Relationship Of Cognitive Decline And Impairment To The Ad8 And Activities Of Living In The Regards Sample, Jesse S. Passler

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The AD8 is a sensitive and specific screening measure of mild dementia, although less research exists pertaining to its use as a self-report measure and in non-clinical samples. This study examined the relationship of incident cognitive impairment and cognitive decline over a 10-year span to self-reported dementia symptoms and functional impairment in the national, population-based, longitudinal, and prospective REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) sample (N = 14,453). A validated cutoff of ≥ 2 symptoms endorsed on the AD8 was used for dementia status. Functional status was determined by 5 activities of daily living (ADL) and 7 …

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Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul Jan 2018

Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul

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Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Current methods of chemoprevention and therapy have cytotoxic effects and have several short-term and long-term side effects. Therefore, the use of natural dietary bioactive compounds has gained prominence as safe and effective agents of chemoprevention and therapy. Genistein (GE), an isoflavone found in soy products, has been shown to exhibit several anticancer properties, particularly as an epigenetic modifier. We have observed that GE has the ability to alter the gut microbiome of germ-free mice humanized with fecal transplants from breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We …

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The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson Jan 2018

The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson

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In the two decades since MECP2 was identified as the causative gene in the majority of Rett Syndrome (RTT) cases, transgenic mouse models have played a critical role in our understanding of this X-linked neurodevelopmental disease. However, their exclusive use presents a limitation in translating findings from animal models to the clinic. Here, we characterized growth, anatomical, behavioral, and motor deficits in a novel zinc-finger nuclease murine RTT model from birth through adulthood. Male rats lacking the transcriptional regulatory protein, MeCP2 (Mecp2ZFN/y), are noticeably symptomatic as early as postnatal day (P) 21 and die prematurely, while females lacking one copy …

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