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Vagal Mediated Heart Rate Variability And Cognitive Impairments In Hiv-Seropositive Women, William C. Nicholson Jan 2019

Vagal Mediated Heart Rate Variability And Cognitive Impairments In Hiv-Seropositive Women, William C. Nicholson

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Regardless of sufficient viral suppression, HIV exerts an ongoing inflammatory process that promotes chronic autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, accelerates physiological aging, and increases the risk of developing a spectrum of cognitive disorders (known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders [HAND]). Given this, identifying pathological mediators of this inflammatory response could provide insight into the mechanisms driving HAND. The vagus nerve (indexed by vagal-mediated heart rate variability [vmHRV]) could provide such a mediator as it regulates ANS activity via reciprocal cardio-neural pathways, which regulate inflammation and homeostasis. Vagal dysfunction is associated with persistent inflammatory signaling (e.g., stress or inflammatory-based disorders [such as …

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Early Life Stress And Immune Responses In Adult Rat Kidneys, Ijeoma E. Obi Jan 2019

Early Life Stress And Immune Responses In Adult Rat Kidneys, Ijeoma E. Obi

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Globally, human studies show overwhelming associations between adverse childhood experiences and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risks throughout adult life. As early as 6 years old, there are significant associations between childhood adversity and inflammation, and those association are observed throughout adult life as well. Over a decade ago, rodent models were used to establish the importance of the immune cells in hypertension, which is the major risk factor in developing CVD. Although these associations in humans are important, they pose several limitations that can be overcome by the use of animal models to study the molecular mechanisms that are …

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Associations Between Dietary Fat Intake And Waist Circumference, Phonchit Teng Soukhamneut Jan 2019

Associations Between Dietary Fat Intake And Waist Circumference, Phonchit Teng Soukhamneut

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The objective of this study was to assess: 1) trends in dietary fat intake from 2003-2016 2) the association between type of dietary fat intake and waist circumference (WC), 3) the association between type of dietary fat intake and body shape, and 4) whether these associations vary by sex and race/ethnicity. This secondary data analysis included 27,057 adults aged 19 to 65 from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016. For WC, participants were categorized into high-risk (men: WC ≥ 40 in; women: WC ≥ 35 in) and low-risk (men: WC < 40 in; women: WC < 35 in). Total fat intake was categorized as high (TOTFAT ≥ 35%) and low (TOTFAT< 35%). Saturated fat intake was categorized into high (SATFAT ≥ 10%) and low (SATFAT < 10%). Unsaturated fat intake was categorized into high (UNSATFAT ≥ 25%) and low (UNSATFAT < 25%). Logistic regression was performed to assess the associations between DFI and WC and DFI and body shape, controlling for age, BMI, and total caloric intake. NHW men with high TOTFAT were found to have 1.41 (OR: 1.41, 1.19 – 1.68) times the odds of having a high-risk WC compared to men with a diet low in TOTFAT, controlling for age, BMI, and total caloric intake. NHW men with a diet high in SATFAT were at increased odds of having a high-risk WC compared to men with a diet low in SATFAT, after controlling for covariates (OR: 1.49, 1.21 -1.84). NHW men with a diet high in UNSATFAT were at increased odds of having a high-risk WC compared to men with a diet low in UNSATFAT after controlling for covariates (OR: 1.375, 1.09 – 1.74). There were no significant associations found among NWB and MA men for any type of dietary fat intake. For women, no associations were found between type of dietary fat and WC by race/ethnicity. There were no associations between DFI and body shape by race/ethnicity groups and sex. Future studies are needed to further investigate the body shape cut-off points for increased risk associated with chronic disease.

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The Role Of Protein Synthesis Attenuation And Eif2-Alpha Phosphorylation In Retinal Degeneration, Christopher Ryan Starr Jan 2019

The Role Of Protein Synthesis Attenuation And Eif2-Alpha Phosphorylation In Retinal Degeneration, Christopher Ryan Starr

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Inherited retinal degeneration is a class of diseases in which there is no cure and very few treatment options available. An activated unfolded protein response has been detected in various animal models of retinal degenerative diseases. Several groups have found heightened activation of one pathway of the unfolded protein response in particular, the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase signaling cascade, which converges on and phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 to transiently halt protein synthesis and allow the cell to reestablish homeostasis. Although it is widely accepted that this signaling is inherently protective, hyperactivity or …

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Dysregulation In The Central Nervous System Upon Mcmv Infection In Newborn Mice, Cathy Yea Won Sung Jan 2019

Dysregulation In The Central Nervous System Upon Mcmv Infection In Newborn Mice, Cathy Yea Won Sung

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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a major cause of morbidity in infants and children throughout the world. Between 0.2-1.2% of all live births is infected with HCMV in the United States. Approximately 5-15% of these newborn babies will develop long-term neurological damage resulting in motor disorders, mental retardation, and sensorineural hearing loss. Although the neurological sequelae associated with congenital HCMV infections are well characterized, little is known about the pathogenesis of the damage to the central nervous system (CNS). To study the pathogenesis of congenital HCMV infection, we have developed a mouse model in which newborn mice are infected intraperitoneally …

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Therapeutic Mechanisms In Sickle Cell Nephropathy, Crystal Taylor Jan 2019

Therapeutic Mechanisms In Sickle Cell Nephropathy, Crystal Taylor

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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a commonly inherited genetic blood disorder that causes hypoxia-induced polymerization of mutant hemoglobin resulting in erythrocyte sickling, transient microvascular occlusion, ischemic injury, and end-organ damage. Systemic endothelial dysfunction and vaso-occlusive episodes observed in SCD are particularly deleterious to the kidney, where the hypoxic, hyperosmotic environment of the medulla makes it particularly susceptible to ischemic injury. Over recent decades, chronic kidney disease has emerged as a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity in SCD patients. Despite a growing interest in the importance of sickle cell nephropathy (SCN), therapeutic options are limited and much remains undiscovered regarding …

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The Role Of Protein O-Glcnacylation In Regulating Mitochondrial Function, Jalessa Nicole Wright Jan 2019

The Role Of Protein O-Glcnacylation In Regulating Mitochondrial Function, Jalessa Nicole Wright

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The attachment of O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine/threonine residues of proteins has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism in transcriptional regulation, protein activation as well as cell survival. Several studies have reported that elevated O-GlcNAc levels have adverse effects on mitochondrial function. These negative effects have been linked to O-GlcNAc modification of mitochondrial proteins that are integral across multiple metabolic cell processes i.e. VDAC, NDUFA9 and DRP-1. Mitochondrial complexes I, III and IV all contain subunit proteins that are O-GlcNAc modified and increased O-GlcNAcylation of these proteins is associated with deficits in oxidative phosphorylation in these models. Conversely, it has …

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Hpv And Hsv Associated Clinical Conditions Among People Living With Hiv-1 Infection, Yuanfan Ye Jan 2019

Hpv And Hsv Associated Clinical Conditions Among People Living With Hiv-1 Infection, Yuanfan Ye

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This dissertation research focuses on investigating health burdens of HPV- and HSV- associated clinical conditions (CC) in people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH) in the Southeastern United States. I designed a retrospective study using the UAB 1917 HIV Clinic Cohort. Electronic health records of PLWH attending the clinic for HIV-care between January 2006 and March 2019 were obtained and reviewed. I first examined incidence rates and trends of anogenital HPV- and HSV-associated CC. Then I adopted a new algorithm to group longitudinal CD4 cell counts based on their trajectories. I compared it with nadir and median CD4 cell counts in …

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Methods For The Establishment Of A Dss-Induced Ibd Model In Adult Zebrafish, Ningxiang Zeng Jan 2019

Methods For The Establishment Of A Dss-Induced Ibd Model In Adult Zebrafish, Ningxiang Zeng

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of idiopathic chronic inflammatory intestinal conditions. To reveal its pathogenesis, several different animal models have been established. Although no single model captures the complexity of human IBD, each model provides valuable insights into one or another major aspect of disease, and together they have led to the establishment of a generally accepted understanding for human IBD pathogenesis. Recently, zebrafish have become an important platform for IBD research, and several murine IBD outcomes have been adapted to the zebrafish. Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) -induced colitis, the most widely used murine IBD model, has never …

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Exploring The Link Between Dietary Fiber, The Gut Microbiota And Estrogen Metabolism Among Women With Breast Cancer, Ayse G. Zengul Jan 2019

Exploring The Link Between Dietary Fiber, The Gut Microbiota And Estrogen Metabolism Among Women With Breast Cancer, Ayse G. Zengul

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Breast cancer continues to be a very prevalent disease and impacts over 260,000 new patients per year in the United States. The gut microbiota composition may affect breast cancer risk by modulating various hormonal metabolites including endogenous estrogens. Dietary factors impact gut microbial ecology and influence the regulation of estrogen metabolism. Current evidence supports the potential role of dietary fiber in breast cancer prevention and its possible modulating influence on serum estrogen levels through the gut microbiota associated with β-glucuronidase activity. However, this mechanism is not clearly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the associations between dietary fiber, …

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Structural Elements Underlying The Neuroplastic Changes Produced By Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy In Chronic Stroke, Yue Zhang Jan 2019

Structural Elements Underlying The Neuroplastic Changes Produced By Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy In Chronic Stroke, Yue Zhang

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Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation treatment that produces large motor function improvements in patients with chronic stroke. One of the hypothesized mechanisms by which CIMT achieves its therapeutic effect is the large functional and structural plastic changes that it produces in the brain. The goal of the present project was to determine the neural underpinnings of cortical reorganization produced by CIMT in chronic stroke using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Before applying the proposed 1H-MRS techniques (i.e., single voxel spectroscopy/SVS and whole brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging/WB-MRSI) to evaluate longitudinal changes in brain metabolites after CIMT, it is …

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Work Engagement Of Hospital Nurses And Patients’ Ratings Of Nurse Communication, Overall Hospital Rating And Likelihood To Recommend The Hospital To Others, Apryl S. Lewis Jan 2019

Work Engagement Of Hospital Nurses And Patients’ Ratings Of Nurse Communication, Overall Hospital Rating And Likelihood To Recommend The Hospital To Others, Apryl S. Lewis

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Significance/Background: Work engagement may play a key role in quality patient outcomes. The inpatient hospital experience is a U.S. healthcare system priority with one component of the patients’ hospital experience focused on hospital staff-to-patient communication. Nurses are the main communicators of vital information about inpatient care and recovery and, therefore, play a critical role in achieving high scores on patient experience measures. Past studies show a relationship between high levels of nurse work engagement and positive patient outcomes, such as quality of health services, but it is unknown if hospital nurses’ work engagement is associated with patients’ hospital experience ratings. …

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The Mechanism Of Glucose-Induced Trib3 Expression In Myoblasts And Myotubes, Xiaobing Liu Jan 2019

The Mechanism Of Glucose-Induced Trib3 Expression In Myoblasts And Myotubes, Xiaobing Liu

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Our previous data indicates that glucose-toxicity is dependent upon upregulation of TRIB3 expression in muscle. TRIB3 is a glucose-responsive gene and, as a pseudokinase, it blocks phosphorylation of AKT resulting in insulin resistance. The purpose of the current study was to identify the role of the differentiation process and the minimal functional sequence of TRIB3 promoter region in modulating glucose-induced TRIB3 gene expression in C2C12 myocytes. First, C2C12 myocytes were collected every 48 hours during the whole differentiation, totally 4 intervals. Before collection, cells were treated with either 5mmol glucose or 25mmol glucose for 24 hours. Under 5mmol glucose, the …

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"Nerves Vs Muscles" – An Uncommon Diagnosis For A Young Man Who Cannot Swallow, John C. Ahn, Sabrina Matosz, Parekha Yedla Jan 2019

"Nerves Vs Muscles" – An Uncommon Diagnosis For A Young Man Who Cannot Swallow, John C. Ahn, Sabrina Matosz, Parekha Yedla

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

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Delayed Diagnosis Of Pheochromocytoma: The Importance Of Reevaluating The Differential And The Dangers Of Patient Labeling., Nabeel Ali, Joseph Granade, Gayatri Venketraman Jan 2019

Delayed Diagnosis Of Pheochromocytoma: The Importance Of Reevaluating The Differential And The Dangers Of Patient Labeling., Nabeel Ali, Joseph Granade, Gayatri Venketraman

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

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Liver Abscess Epidemiology In A Large Tertiary Center, Aristotle Asis, Ali Hassoun, Esmerelda Guiterrez-Asis, Jesse Faulk Jan 2019

Liver Abscess Epidemiology In A Large Tertiary Center, Aristotle Asis, Ali Hassoun, Esmerelda Guiterrez-Asis, Jesse Faulk

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

2019 clinical vignette poster

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Albuterol Induced Lactic Acidosis, An Under-Recognized Phenomenon, Sujatha Baddam, Bhavyaa Bahl, Lourdes Corman Jan 2019

Albuterol Induced Lactic Acidosis, An Under-Recognized Phenomenon, Sujatha Baddam, Bhavyaa Bahl, Lourdes Corman

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A Tumor That Would Not Be Flushed, Luke Bailey, Parekha Yedla Jan 2019

A Tumor That Would Not Be Flushed, Luke Bailey, Parekha Yedla

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Thoughts Of The Grave After Treating Graves, Luke Bailey, Roger D. Smalligan Jan 2019

Thoughts Of The Grave After Treating Graves, Luke Bailey, Roger D. Smalligan

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A Case Of An Increased Factor Viii Activity And Its Relationship To Cryptogenic Stroke, Syeda Sabeeka Batool, Mohammed Abdulhaleem, Swetha Srialluri, Alan Baggett Jan 2019

A Case Of An Increased Factor Viii Activity And Its Relationship To Cryptogenic Stroke, Syeda Sabeeka Batool, Mohammed Abdulhaleem, Swetha Srialluri, Alan Baggett

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Delayed Diagnosis Of Annular Pancreas In 11 Year Old Girl With Digeorge Syndrome, Mary Margaret Barr, James Gilbert, Zaria Murrell Jan 2019

Delayed Diagnosis Of Annular Pancreas In 11 Year Old Girl With Digeorge Syndrome, Mary Margaret Barr, James Gilbert, Zaria Murrell

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Stable, Low-Dose Quetiapine Causing Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome In An Elderly Patient, Garrett Dunn, Tarak Vasavada Jan 2019

Stable, Low-Dose Quetiapine Causing Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome In An Elderly Patient, Garrett Dunn, Tarak Vasavada

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"I Feel Like I’M In A Fog", Wade Edwards, Rajalakshmi Cheerla, Kelly Diaz, Randy Turner Jan 2019

"I Feel Like I’M In A Fog", Wade Edwards, Rajalakshmi Cheerla, Kelly Diaz, Randy Turner

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Meningitis After Alemtuzumab Therapy For Multiple Sclerosis, Jesse Faulk, Ali Hassoun Jan 2019

Meningitis After Alemtuzumab Therapy For Multiple Sclerosis, Jesse Faulk, Ali Hassoun

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Acquired Hemophilia A Due To Alemtuzumab Therapy For Multiple Sclerosis, Jesse Faulk, Dennis Sehgal, Jorge Diaz, Panchavati Pavan Jan 2019

Acquired Hemophilia A Due To Alemtuzumab Therapy For Multiple Sclerosis, Jesse Faulk, Dennis Sehgal, Jorge Diaz, Panchavati Pavan

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Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Causing Syncope: When Cancer Causes Venous Congestion, Jesse Faulk, Alan Baggett Jan 2019

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Causing Syncope: When Cancer Causes Venous Congestion, Jesse Faulk, Alan Baggett

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Overlap Of Conus Medullaris And Cauda Equina Syndromes In Compressive Myelopathy, Ashley Ford, Elizabeth Thottacherry, Nessy Abraham Philip Jan 2019

Overlap Of Conus Medullaris And Cauda Equina Syndromes In Compressive Myelopathy, Ashley Ford, Elizabeth Thottacherry, Nessy Abraham Philip

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Catch Your Breath With This Classic Crisis, Forrest Gamble, Dennis Sehgal, Roger D. Smalligan Jan 2019

Catch Your Breath With This Classic Crisis, Forrest Gamble, Dennis Sehgal, Roger D. Smalligan

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A Case Study In The Effective Diagnosis Of Infectious Esophagitis, Bryan B. Grissett, Ali Hassoun Jan 2019

A Case Study In The Effective Diagnosis Of Infectious Esophagitis, Bryan B. Grissett, Ali Hassoun

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Cryptococcal Pneumonia In An Immunocompetent Host, Mohamed Hasan, Ali Hassoun Jan 2019

Cryptococcal Pneumonia In An Immunocompetent Host, Mohamed Hasan, Ali Hassoun

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