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Roles Of Nr4a3 In Insulin Sensitivity In Skeletal Muscle, Xiaolin Zhu Jan 2010

Roles Of Nr4a3 In Insulin Sensitivity In Skeletal Muscle, Xiaolin Zhu

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For the past several decades, the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome has been increasing. Insulin resistance is the central pathogenic event for these diseases. We previously reported that the NR4A family of orphan nuclear receptors augments insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. We now found that lentiviral mediated NR4A3 hyper-expression increased insulin stimulated glucose transport (ISGT) in C2C12 myocytes while NR4A3 knock-down exhibited opposite effect. We also examined the effects of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) on insulin action and NR4A3 trans-activation in C2C12 myocytes. PGA2 augmented ISGT and insulin stimulated AKT phosphorylation in C2C12 myocytes. Importantly, PGA2 treatment led …

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Weapon Brandishment Among Impoverished Adolescents: A Longitudinal Approach, Alexis Magdalene Inabinet Jan 2010

Weapon Brandishment Among Impoverished Adolescents: A Longitudinal Approach, Alexis Magdalene Inabinet

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Violence has become increasingly more difficult to ignore in the United States, with homicide and suicide rates among American adolescents being the highest in the world. Firearm deaths have skyrocketed, including unintentional injuries, homicides and suicides; American adolescents are more likely to die from gunshot wounds than all natural causes combined. With homicide continuing to rank as the second leading cause of death among youth, research must focus on diminishing weapon brandishment. Based on prior research and a developmental systems approach to violent behavior, this study explores individual influences on adolescent weapon carrying, including perception of danger, hopelessness, and conflict …

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Birmingham's Jewish Women And Social Reform 1880-1980, Kaye Cochran Nail Jan 2010

Birmingham's Jewish Women And Social Reform 1880-1980, Kaye Cochran Nail

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Many historians and scholars have argued that Jewish women kept a low profile during periods of southern social reform since the late nineteenth century. This thesis reveals a little known pattern of activism among some Birmingham Jewish women, encompassing many trends of social change over one hundred years, from 1880 to 1980. Nineteenth century Jewish women immigrants and migrants brought to the South a social conscience rooted in the traditions of their Jewish faith. They mentored their daughters, sisters, and neighbors in the ways of community goodwill. During the Progressive Era, their numbers and voices grew in the public sphere, …

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Evolution And Genetic Diversity In Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Diana Lee Dupraw Jan 2010

Evolution And Genetic Diversity In Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Diana Lee Dupraw

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The relative contributions of point mutations and intergenomic recombination via lateral gene transfer (LGT) determine the population structure and evolutionary style for a given bacterial species. Streptococcus pneumoniae has a weakly clonal population structure; adaptive clonal complexes can be detected; however, these can also be rapidly lost due to the high rate of recombination. To characterize the diversity of pneumococcal isolates in clonal complex, and to elucidate possible mechanisms for the long-term stability of such complexes, 35 serotype 6B strains belonging to a previously identified clonal complex, CC14, were assayed by Comparative Genome Hybridization (CGH) and Multi Locus Sequence Typing …

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The Localization Of Green Building: Regionalism And Community Management Of Sustainable Policy, Phillip Wesley Ross Jan 2010

The Localization Of Green Building: Regionalism And Community Management Of Sustainable Policy, Phillip Wesley Ross

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No abstract provided.

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Tracking Landscape Changes In The Upper Cahaba River Watershed And Its Tributaries (1974 -2007) Using Landsat And Aster Multispectral Image, Steve Padgett-Vasquez Jan 2010

Tracking Landscape Changes In The Upper Cahaba River Watershed And Its Tributaries (1974 -2007) Using Landsat And Aster Multispectral Image, Steve Padgett-Vasquez

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No abstract provided.

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Microhardness And Caries Resistance Of An Infiltrant Resin In A Novel Artificial Mouth, Ian Saad Mugisa Jan 2010

Microhardness And Caries Resistance Of An Infiltrant Resin In A Novel Artificial Mouth, Ian Saad Mugisa

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No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Socioeconomic Factors In Racial And Ethnic Disparities Among Child And Adult Tuberculosis Cases, Spatial And Non-Spatial Analysis: Alabama 1993-2007, Sharada Adolph Jan 2010

The Role Of Socioeconomic Factors In Racial And Ethnic Disparities Among Child And Adult Tuberculosis Cases, Spatial And Non-Spatial Analysis: Alabama 1993-2007, Sharada Adolph

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This study aimed to evaluate the role of individual and community/population level socioeconomic factors on racial/ethnic disparities among children and adults with TB, and used area-based socioeconomic measures (ABSMs) for the identification of high-risk geographic areas for populations-at-risk. Joinpoint, multivariable and Poisson regression, and spatial methods were used to determine the trends and risks of disease in a low TB incidence state. General disease trends declined significantly by factors of -0.044838 from 1993-1998, and -0.061821 from 2001-2007; but, were disparate and increased for the foreign-born, African Americans (AA) and Latinos, and in long-term care settings. The average annual percentage change …

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The Role Of Socs Proteins In Hiv Immune Evasion, Lisa Nowoslawski Akhtar Jan 2010

The Role Of Socs Proteins In Hiv Immune Evasion, Lisa Nowoslawski Akhtar

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Upon human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection the host mounts a robust and multifaceted immune response. To achieve successful replication, HIV must possess a powerful arsenal of immune evasion weapons. While a complex strategy for HIV immune evasion has been described in the periphery, little is known about the mechanism allowing HIV to overcome the simple interferon (IFN)-ß-mediated innate immune defenses of the central nervous system (CNS). In light of the devastating cognitive dysfunction that is caused by HIV replication within the CNS, a better understanding of this mechanism is critical. Recent studies have shown that viral pathogens can induce the …

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Mechanisms By Which Tra-8 Anti-Dr5 Antibody And Chemotherapy Enhance Cytotoxicity In Breast Cancer, Hope M. Amm Jan 2010

Mechanisms By Which Tra-8 Anti-Dr5 Antibody And Chemotherapy Enhance Cytotoxicity In Breast Cancer, Hope M. Amm

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Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in American women and metastatic breast cancer has a 5-year survival rate of only 26%. Current targeted treatments for this disease include anti-estrogen strategies for estrogen receptor positive tumors (~60%) and anti-Her2/Neu strategies for tumors overexpressing this receptor (20-25%). A percentage of breast cancer patients, however, are resistant to these therapies and are left without any effective treatment options. One of the agents currently being investigated to improve breast cancer survival is TRA-8, an agonistic monoclonal antibody to death receptor 5 (DR5), which induces apoptosis in various types of cancer …

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The Effectiveness Of Advanced Oxidation Techniques In Degrading Steroids In Wastewater, Bryan Stuart Arwood Jan 2010

The Effectiveness Of Advanced Oxidation Techniques In Degrading Steroids In Wastewater, Bryan Stuart Arwood

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No abstract provided.

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Cystic Fibrosis And Vitamin D Supplementation, Lindsay Clare Ball Jan 2010

Cystic Fibrosis And Vitamin D Supplementation, Lindsay Clare Ball

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No abstract provided.

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Self -Blood Pressure Monitoring, Stage Of Change, Medication Adherence, Self -Efficacy And Blood Pressure Control In Hypertensive Workers, Tonya Breaux-Shropshire Jan 2010

Self -Blood Pressure Monitoring, Stage Of Change, Medication Adherence, Self -Efficacy And Blood Pressure Control In Hypertensive Workers, Tonya Breaux-Shropshire

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No abstract provided.

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Gastric Th17 Response To Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Children, Shelton W. Wright Jan 2010

Gastric Th17 Response To Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Children, Shelton W. Wright

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No abstract provided.

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Wear Of Enamel Antagonist Against Ceramic Restorative Materials, Taneet Ghuman Jan 2010

Wear Of Enamel Antagonist Against Ceramic Restorative Materials, Taneet Ghuman

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No abstract provided.

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A Missionary's Journey, Denise Turner Jan 2010

A Missionary's Journey, Denise Turner

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No abstract provided.

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Factors Leading To Cannibalism In Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidi A) In The Laboratory, Cristina M. Richardson Jan 2010

Factors Leading To Cannibalism In Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidi A) In The Laboratory, Cristina M. Richardson

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No abstract provided.

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Correlation Of Bone Density Using Histomophometric And Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis, Curry H. Leavitt Jan 2010

Correlation Of Bone Density Using Histomophometric And Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis, Curry H. Leavitt

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No abstract provided.

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Racial Disparities In Healthcare Utilization Betwee N African Americans And Caucasians With Mild Cognitve Impairment, Bridgett P. Hill Jan 2010

Racial Disparities In Healthcare Utilization Betwee N African Americans And Caucasians With Mild Cognitve Impairment, Bridgett P. Hill

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No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Toll-Like Receptors 2 And 4 In Helicobacter Felis Infections And Asthma, Carolyn Durham Jan 2010

The Role Of Toll-Like Receptors 2 And 4 In Helicobacter Felis Infections And Asthma, Carolyn Durham

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The inverse correlation between the industrialization and disease prevalence is termed the "hygiene hypothesis." Supporting this, immunological studies show Th1 cytokines modulate Th2 immune responses. Because the mucosa is essential in antigenic exposure, understanding bacterial sensing here is critical to addressing three foundations of this hypothesis: the role of bacterial exposure, relevance of noninvasive bacterial exposure, and influence of these exposures on immune responses. Key components of antigen sensing in the mucosa are toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4, which have been implicated in disease. The hypothesis of this thesis is, by globally knocking out one or both of these …

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Visualizing The Productive Program Of Hpv In Differentiating Squamous Epithelial Tissue, Aaron A. Duffy Jan 2010

Visualizing The Productive Program Of Hpv In Differentiating Squamous Epithelial Tissue, Aaron A. Duffy

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The human papillomavirus (HPV) establishes persistent infections in the basal stratum of squamous epithelia, while productive amplification of viral DNA occurs in differentiated keratinocytes prior to virion assembly in the superficial strata. Until recently, only in situ hybridization (ISH) of low-grade HPV lesions could be used to reveal a snap shot of the viral life cycle. There has been a critical need to reproducibly propagate HPV infections in culture for consistent genetic analyses. Organotypic raft cultures recapitulate a differentiated squamous epithelium. Our lab utilized in vivo Cre-mediated recombination to reconstitute the entire HPV-18 genome in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). My …

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Brms1 Coordinately Regulates Microrna To Suppress Breast, Mick D. Edmonds Jan 2010

Brms1 Coordinately Regulates Microrna To Suppress Breast, Mick D. Edmonds

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The majority of cancer related mortality is attributed to complications associated with metastatic disease. Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) suppresses metastasis of multiple cancer types in vivo and loss of nuclear BRMS1 is associated with ER-negative cancers and a high rate of proliferation. Many groups have shown BRMS1 to regulate the expression of multiple metastatic genes, yet until now no one has been able to account for how these many changes in gene expression occur. In this work, we report that BRMS1 regulates a select set of genes called microRNA (miRNA), and these miRNA themselves can regulate metastasis. Using …

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An Assessment Of The Factors That Affect The Self-Care Behaviors Of Diabetics, Gregory Ellis Jan 2010

An Assessment Of The Factors That Affect The Self-Care Behaviors Of Diabetics, Gregory Ellis

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various heteroskedastic analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models with orthogonal

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The Impact Of Social Support And Social Context On Incidence Of Suicidal Behavior In Low-Income African American Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study, Colin Farrell Jan 2010

The Impact Of Social Support And Social Context On Incidence Of Suicidal Behavior In Low-Income African American Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study, Colin Farrell

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Recognizing the considerable risk of suicidal behavior experienced by the adolescent population, the significant impact of suicide as the cause of death among adolescents, and the reported increasing rates of suicidal behavior among minority populations, there is a growing need for social research regarding the phenomenon. The current study proposes that suicidal behavior among adolescents residing within areas of extreme disadvantage is a direct result of the individual's acquisition of social capital, referred to as `social capital of the disadvantaged.' It is argued that, due to the nature and limited `reach' of the networks developed by teenagers, the resources acquired …

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Regulation Of Mucosal Innate And Adaptive Immune Responses To Commensal Microbiota, Ting Feng Jan 2010

Regulation Of Mucosal Innate And Adaptive Immune Responses To Commensal Microbiota, Ting Feng

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and Davidson and MacKinnon’s HC3 perform reasonably well in terms of Type I error

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Cellular Mechanisms Involved In Host Responses To Porphyromonas Gingivalis And Its Virulence Factor Hemagglutinin B, Dalia Emil Gaddis Jan 2010

Cellular Mechanisms Involved In Host Responses To Porphyromonas Gingivalis And Its Virulence Factor Hemagglutinin B, Dalia Emil Gaddis

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a main causative agent for adult chronic periodontitis and immunization with its virulence factor Hemagglutinin B (HagB) provides protection against infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize various microbial products and are crucial in eliciting and regulating the innate and adaptive immune responses to infections. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate the cellular mechanisms that influence the innate and adaptive immune response to HagB and P. gingivalis, focusing on the role of TLR signaling in the response. We started with investigating the ability of HagB to activate dendritic cells (DC), the most efficient antigen-presenting cell in priming …

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Generation And Analysis Of The Oncolytic Efficacy Of A Conditionally Replicating Adenovirus Bearing Rgd Modifications On Pix And Fiber Capsid Proteins, Lena Jeanelle Gamble Jan 2010

Generation And Analysis Of The Oncolytic Efficacy Of A Conditionally Replicating Adenovirus Bearing Rgd Modifications On Pix And Fiber Capsid Proteins, Lena Jeanelle Gamble

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Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological disease death in women. For the past two decades, scientists have attempted to perfect the use of adenovirus as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent. One major impediment to ovarian tumor infection with adenovirus has been dearth of adenovirus native receptor, Coxsackie and Adenovirus receptor, (CAR), on the surface of tumor cells. To address this problem, scientists have engineered CAR-independent adenoviruses which target the AlphavBeta3 and AlphavBeta5 by adding an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif to the fiber knob of a conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAd) Delta24FiberRGD CRAd. We hypothesize that incorporation of RGD into the pIX …

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Maternal Gestational Glucose Concentration And Offspring Body Composition, Insulin Sensitivity, And Ss-Cell Function, Nikki C. Bush Jan 2010

Maternal Gestational Glucose Concentration And Offspring Body Composition, Insulin Sensitivity, And Ss-Cell Function, Nikki C. Bush

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Background: Evidence suggests that intrauterine exposure to elevated glucose concentrations may be a mediating factor in prenatal programming of offspring disease risk. However, studies examining the effects of maternal glucose concentration on measures of body composition, insulin sensitivity, and ß-cell response in prepubertal children are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the associations of maternal glucose concentration with children's fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and ß-cell response using robust and physiologic measures. Methods: Participants were 40 children aged 5-10 years. Children's insulin sensitivity index (SI) and measures of basal, static, dynamic, and total ß-cell response were determined …

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Hpv Dna Partitioning During Mitosis As Followed By Fluorescence Microscopy, Robert J. Carter Jan 2010

Hpv Dna Partitioning During Mitosis As Followed By Fluorescence Microscopy, Robert J. Carter

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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tumor viruses capable of establishing persistent infections in the epithelia. After infecting actively-dividing basal cells, the papillomavirus (PV) genome is main-tained as extrachromosomal nuclear plasmids. It is largely unknown how the viral ge-nome is maintained in actively-dividing cells. Our lab demonstrated that several HPV genotypes appear to employ a distinct strategy to facilitate partitioning of HPV DNA into daughter cells during mitosis. Association of the HPV-11 origin of replication (ori)-binding protein E2 with the mitotic apparatus via cellular adapter proteins is thought to mediate equal partitioning of HPV genomes into daughter …

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The Role Of Usp14 In Regulating Synaptic Development And Function Of The Neuromuscular Junctions, Ping-Chung Chen Jan 2010

The Role Of Usp14 In Regulating Synaptic Development And Function Of The Neuromuscular Junctions, Ping-Chung Chen

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The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays critical roles in regulating multiple cellular functions, including protein abundance, trafficking, and cell signaling. In the nervous system, the UPS has been implicated in controlling a wide diversity of cellular process such as synaptic transmission, axon outgrowth, axon targeting, and synapse development. Although impairment of the UPS is observed in both neurodegenerative and developmental diseases, the mechanisms underlying how UPS dysregulation contributes to disease pathogenesis are not known. The proteasome, an approximate 2.5 megadaltons protein complex composed of 19S and 20S assemblies, is the site of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. Recent studies have demonstrated dysfunction …

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