Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Universitas Indonesia

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 5791 - 5820 of 6533

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Pelaksanaan Program Children Educational Support Dalam Mengurangi Prevalensi Anak Jalanan Oleh Yayasan Indonesian Street Children Organisation (Isco) : Studi Deskriptif Di Sanggar (Isco) Kelurahan Kebun Melati, Tanah Abang, Wirda Amalia, Dwi Amalia Chandra Sekar Apr 2014

Pelaksanaan Program Children Educational Support Dalam Mengurangi Prevalensi Anak Jalanan Oleh Yayasan Indonesian Street Children Organisation (Isco) : Studi Deskriptif Di Sanggar (Isco) Kelurahan Kebun Melati, Tanah Abang, Wirda Amalia, Dwi Amalia Chandra Sekar

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

This article discusses about the implementation of children educational support in reducing prevelance of street children by ISCO Foundation. Motivated by many poor children vulnerable to be street cause the difficulty of access to educational services. This research used a qualitative approach. Collecting data using observation and interview with 9 informant. The study results show that implementation of program has already ran fairly well characterized by reduced child beneficieris who took the streets due to provision of assistance in formal and non-formal education. This made the fulfillment of poor children needs to get an education from early age so the …


Horor Kampungan Versus Moralitas Populer: Mempertanyakan Definisi Film Nasional Yang Bermutu, Meg Downes Apr 2014

Horor Kampungan Versus Moralitas Populer: Mempertanyakan Definisi Film Nasional Yang Bermutu, Meg Downes

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

No abstract provided.


Kegagalan Televisi Berjaringan Dan Dampaknya Pada Demokrasi Di Indonesia, Ade Armando Apr 2014

Kegagalan Televisi Berjaringan Dan Dampaknya Pada Demokrasi Di Indonesia, Ade Armando

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

No abstract provided.


Klik Yang Tak Memantik: Aktivisme Media Sosial Di Indonesia, Merlyna Lim Apr 2014

Klik Yang Tak Memantik: Aktivisme Media Sosial Di Indonesia, Merlyna Lim

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

No abstract provided.


Pembingkaian Gaya Hidup Sehat Dalam Pemanfaatan Konvergensi Media, Donna Asteria Apr 2014

Pembingkaian Gaya Hidup Sehat Dalam Pemanfaatan Konvergensi Media, Donna Asteria

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

No abstract provided.


Representasi “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” Dalam Televisi Indonesia, Zane Goebel Apr 2014

Representasi “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” Dalam Televisi Indonesia, Zane Goebel

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

No abstract provided.


Digital Natives: Pemahaman Dan Sikap Mengenai Hak Cipta Dan Kreativitas Digital, Sherly Haristya Apr 2014

Digital Natives: Pemahaman Dan Sikap Mengenai Hak Cipta Dan Kreativitas Digital, Sherly Haristya

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

No abstract provided.


Strategi Strategi Penggalangan Dana Pada Organisasi Kemanusiaan Berbasis Agama : Studi Deskriptif Penggalangan Dana Di Dompet Dhuafa, Herlin Rahma Fauzia Apr 2014

Strategi Strategi Penggalangan Dana Pada Organisasi Kemanusiaan Berbasis Agama : Studi Deskriptif Penggalangan Dana Di Dompet Dhuafa, Herlin Rahma Fauzia

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

This study discuses about strategies of fundraising conducted by Yayasan Dompet Dhuafa with the supports and obstacles. This study used qualitative method and descriptive approach. The result of study show that Dompet Dhuafa have some strategies of fundraising. First, retail fundraising includes counter, Gerakan Donasi, Jemput Zakat and direct mail. Second is partnership with companies, another institutions and public


Evaluasi Program Wirausaha Pemula Di Kementrian Koperasi Dan Ukm Ri : Individualized Outcome Evaluation Terhadap Lima Peserta Program Wirausaha Pemula Di Dki Jakarta Tahun 2012, Andi Besse Ansar, Ety Rahayu Apr 2014

Evaluasi Program Wirausaha Pemula Di Kementrian Koperasi Dan Ukm Ri : Individualized Outcome Evaluation Terhadap Lima Peserta Program Wirausaha Pemula Di Dki Jakarta Tahun 2012, Andi Besse Ansar, Ety Rahayu

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

The study discusses about individualized outcome evaluation of young entrepreneur program evaluation at ministry of cooperatives and small medium enterprises for five beneficiaries from Jakarta City in 2012. This research used a qualitative approach with evaluation research. While collecting data using in-depth interview with 7 informans which consist 5 beneficiaries program and 2 program staff. This result of study show that 4 beneficiaries has achieve an outcome program because of the trainee characteristics, training design, work environment, attitude and self concept and design entrepreneurship factors support and 1 beneficiaries has a barrier in work environment, attitude and self concept and …


Performances Of Free-Space Optical Communication System Over Strong Turbulence, Ucuk Darusalam, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, Harry Sudibyo, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo Apr 2014

Performances Of Free-Space Optical Communication System Over Strong Turbulence, Ucuk Darusalam, Purnomo Sidi Priambodo, Harry Sudibyo, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo

Makara Journal of Technology

We report an experimental of free-space optical communication (FSOC) system that use tube propagation simulator (TPS) as the turbulence medium. The FSOC system use wavelength of 1550 nm at the rate transmission of 1000 Mbps and amplified with EDFA at the output of +23 dBm. Index structure of 10-15–10-13 as the representation of atmosphere index turbulences are used for simulation of intensity distribution model or scintillation. The simulation use gammagamma and K model as well. The beam wave propagation models used in simulation are plane wave, spherical wave and Gaussian wave. Spherical wave achieves highest performance via gamma-gamma in strong …


Bioethanol Production From Iles-Iles And Sorghum Starch As Raw Materials (Effect Of Cacl 2 Addition And Saccharification Time), Kusmiyati Kusmiyati, Ali Mahmudi Apr 2014

Bioethanol Production From Iles-Iles And Sorghum Starch As Raw Materials (Effect Of Cacl 2 Addition And Saccharification Time), Kusmiyati Kusmiyati, Ali Mahmudi

Makara Journal of Technology

Bioethanol produced from agricultural sources is one alternative energy that has been developed to substitute for petroleum. However, the use of food sources such as corn and cassava to produce bioethanol still face obstacles that lead to the scarcity of food and an increase in food prices. The aim of this study was to produce bioethanol from sorghum and iles-iles, which are not used by humans as food, especially in Indonesia. For both materials, the variables studied were saccharification time (4, 8, 24, and 48 h) and concentration of CaCl2 added to the liquefaction slurry (0, 100, 200, 300, and …


Morphological And Molecular Analysis And Flowering Time Of T2 Generation Transgenic Rice Cv. Nipponbare Carrying Constans (Co) Gene, Firdha Meidi Irshanty, Andi Salamah, Tri Joko Santoso Mar 2014

Morphological And Molecular Analysis And Flowering Time Of T2 Generation Transgenic Rice Cv. Nipponbare Carrying Constans (Co) Gene, Firdha Meidi Irshanty, Andi Salamah, Tri Joko Santoso

Makara Journal of Science

Flowering is an important process that initiates plant productivity. Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) was genetically engineered by introducing a CONSTANS (CO) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCO) to improve rice productivity. The CO gene is a gene responsible for inducing early flowering. The aims of the experiment were to use morphological and molecular analysis to study the integration of the AtCO gene and its influence on agronomic traits in the T2 generation of Nipponbare transgenic AtCO rice. Morphological observations showed that agronomic traits tended to be better in the transgenic plants than in the wild type (controls), although the transgenic …


Morphological And Molecular Analysis And Flowering Time Of T2 Generation Transgenic Rice Cv. Nipponbare Carrying Constans (Co) Gene, Firdha Meidi Irshanty, Andi Salamah, Tri Joko Santoso Mar 2014

Morphological And Molecular Analysis And Flowering Time Of T2 Generation Transgenic Rice Cv. Nipponbare Carrying Constans (Co) Gene, Firdha Meidi Irshanty, Andi Salamah, Tri Joko Santoso

Makara Journal of Science

Flowering is an important process that initiates plant productivity. Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) was genetically engineered by introducing a CONSTANS (CO) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCO) to improve rice productivity. The CO gene is a gene responsible for inducing early flowering. The aims of the experiment were to use morphological and molecular analysis to study the integration of the AtCO gene and its influence on agronomic traits in the T2 generation of Nipponbare transgenic AtCO rice. Morphological observations showed that agronomic traits tended to be better in the transgenic plants than in the wild type (controls), although the transgenic …


Model Prediksi Kebutuhan Darah Untuk Penderita Talasemia Mayor, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki, Putri Pradani, Nunung Nurhayati, Supriyanto Supriyanto Feb 2014

Model Prediksi Kebutuhan Darah Untuk Penderita Talasemia Mayor, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki, Putri Pradani, Nunung Nurhayati, Supriyanto Supriyanto

Kesmas

Pada dua tahun pertama kehidupan penderita talasemia mayor, umumnya menderita anemia dan membutuhkan tranfusi darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat model prediksi kebutuhan darah bagi penderita talasemia mayor. Penelitian observasional dengan desain studi pendekatan potong lintang ini dilakukan pada sampel 79 penderita talasemia mayor yang melakukan transfusi rutin minimal satu bulan satu kali di Rumah Sakit Umum Banyumas, selama tahun 2012. Analisis regresi linier ganda digunakan untuk membuat model prediksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 80,7% kebutuhan darah penderia talasemia mayor dijelaskan oleh variabel usia, berat badan, dan kadar hemoglobin sedangkan 19,3% dijelaskan oleh sebab-sebab yang lain. Rumus prediksi menyatakan setiap kenaikan …


Eksplorasi Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Dalam Mengonsumsi Pangan Sumber Zat Goitrogenik Terhadap Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium, Farida Wahyu Ningtyas, Ahmad Husain Asdie, Madarina Julia, Yayi Suryo Prabandari Feb 2014

Eksplorasi Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Dalam Mengonsumsi Pangan Sumber Zat Goitrogenik Terhadap Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium, Farida Wahyu Ningtyas, Ahmad Husain Asdie, Madarina Julia, Yayi Suryo Prabandari

Kesmas

Eksplorasi Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat dalam Mengonsumsi Pangan Sumber Zat GSelain kekurangan yodium, penyebab lain gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) di Kabupaten Jember adalah faktor goitrogenik tiosianat. Tiosianat adalah hasil detoksifikasi sianida. Sianida banyak terkandung pada beberapa sayuran yang biasa dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi kebiasaan konsumsi dan cara pengolahan pangan sumber zat goitrogenik sebagai solusi mengatasi GAKY di Kabupaten Jember. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui focus grup discussion dilengkapi dengan semi-kuantitatif formulir frekuensi makan. Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan content analysis. Ada empat kelompok FGD yang diikuti 6 – 9 ibu rumah tangga yang terpilih …


Dinamika Struktur-Agensi Dalam Perkembangan Industri Otomotif Indonesia, Ricardi S. Adnan Jan 2014

Dinamika Struktur-Agensi Dalam Perkembangan Industri Otomotif Indonesia, Ricardi S. Adnan

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

The focus of this paper is the dynamic relationship in automobile industry between entrepreneur and the power in 1969-1998. The length of this study can be divided in three periods: seeking the industrial form, going to maturity, and realizing the industrial autonomous. Looking back to the Old Order and analyzing along three periods, this research has found that the structure transformed the interactions between actors—“the shifting patronage”. Giddens approach and theory of “structuration” is really clear in this industry and the model of this phenomenon is called as “symbiotic relationship”. It is different from Chalmers (1996) analyzed through economical-politics analysis, …


Dua Dunia Seni: Industri Kreatif Fesyen Di Bandung Dan Bali, Rochman Achwan Jan 2014

Dua Dunia Seni: Industri Kreatif Fesyen Di Bandung Dan Bali, Rochman Achwan

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

Many countries, including Indonesia, have paid attention to support the development of creative industry. Economic sociologists and sociologits of art have done researches on dynamics of this industry for quite sometime. By employing concepts of Art World and institutional (social) networks, this study attempts to answer two important questions. First, how do dynamics of social relationships within Art Worlds occur in an arena of fashion creative industries in Bandung and Bali? Second, to what extent local government plays roles in the drive of development of this industry in both areas? The main focus of this study is distro fashion industry …


Keterwakilan Etnis Di Politik Nasional: Kasus Etnis Sunda Di Republik Indonesia, Iwan Gardono Sujatmiko Jan 2014

Keterwakilan Etnis Di Politik Nasional: Kasus Etnis Sunda Di Republik Indonesia, Iwan Gardono Sujatmiko

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

The article aims to construct an analytical model to explain why the presence of Sundanese political leaders at the national level is relatively low despite that they are the second largest majority group in Indonesia. The model focuses on historical factor, social network, culture, as well as the role of local government and society. The historical factor is crucial as to describe the importance of Sundanese’s position with Bandung as its core in its sociopolitical relation with Jakarta. The social network explores the connectivity between Sundanese with the national network, while the cultural factor is essential in analyzing the effect …


Gerakan Sosial Dalam Aksi Penyelenggaraan Sekolah Untuk Anak Miskin, Abdi Rahmat Jan 2014

Gerakan Sosial Dalam Aksi Penyelenggaraan Sekolah Untuk Anak Miskin, Abdi Rahmat

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

This article shows the importance of civil society in the implementation of a school for poor children that are seen in the context of the social structure and state policies. During this time, the implementation of the school for poor children—done by the civil society organization (CSO) in Indonesia—is often understood as a micro phenomenon regardless of the context of broader social structures. What they do in fact can not be separated from the context of the macro structure. To that end, the main argument of this paper using the framework of the concept of social movement that emphasizes the …


Gangguan Kepadatan Tulang Pada Orang Dewasa Di Daerah Urban Dan Rural, Sarah Mardiyah, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika Jan 2014

Gangguan Kepadatan Tulang Pada Orang Dewasa Di Daerah Urban Dan Rural, Sarah Mardiyah, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Kesmas

Gangguan kepadatan tulang atau osteoporosis dan osteopenia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang pada kelompok usia dewasa di daerah urban dan rural terpilih di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan sampel 142 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei - Juni 2012 di Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok, sebagai daerah urban dan Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor sebagai daerah rural. Prevalensi gangguan kepadatan tulang dalam penelitian ini adalah sekitar 31,7% (4,2% osteoporosis dan …


Perilaku Kader Dalam Penemuan Suspek Tuberkulosis, Nur Fadhilah, Elmi Nuryati, Artha Duarsa, Titiek Djannatun, Restu Syamsul Hadi Jan 2014

Perilaku Kader Dalam Penemuan Suspek Tuberkulosis, Nur Fadhilah, Elmi Nuryati, Artha Duarsa, Titiek Djannatun, Restu Syamsul Hadi

Kesmas

Dukungan berbagai pihak meliputi perubahan perilaku masyarakat dan pemberdayakan masyarakat sangat diharapkan untuk penanggulangan tuberkulosis (TB). Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah dan ‘Aisyiyah Provinsi Lampung terpanggil untuk bergerak bersama dalam program penanggulangan penyakit TB agar keberhasilan penanggulangan TB dapat tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kader dalam menemuan suspek TB di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, data primer dikumpulkan dari sampel 72 kader TB ‘Aisyiyah Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan menggunakan metode kai kuadrat, dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Penelitian ini menemukan lima variabel …


Kebijakan Desentralisasi Fiskal, Pergeseran Sektoral, Dan Ketimpangan Antarkabupaten/Kota Di Sulawesi Tengah, Muhammad Amir Arham Jan 2014

Kebijakan Desentralisasi Fiskal, Pergeseran Sektoral, Dan Ketimpangan Antarkabupaten/Kota Di Sulawesi Tengah, Muhammad Amir Arham

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

Fiscal decentralization can create efficiency and effectiveness to promote growth and change in economic structures as well as to reduce inequalities amongst regions. This study intends to find out whether the fiscal decentralization policies during 2001-2010 contribute to the shift of economic sectors and inequality rates amongst districts/municipalities in the Province of Central Sulawesi. By using econometrics of panel data, the study found that fiscal decentralization supports a shift in the economic sector where the role of primary sector gradually decreased and the secondary and tertiary sector tend to be increased since the implementation of regional autonomy. As a result, …


Totem Ambon Manise: Membongkar Segregasi Teritorial Berbasis Agama Di Kota Ambon, Resa Dandirwalu Jan 2014

Totem Ambon Manise: Membongkar Segregasi Teritorial Berbasis Agama Di Kota Ambon, Resa Dandirwalu

Antropologi Indonesia

This writing is an effort done by the writer to break up the religious segregation that is still continuing in Ambon City, the Capital of Moluccas. Since the Social conflict started in January 19, 1999, then continued in September 11, 2011, and May 15, 2012 the religious people who live in harmony has become a fragile living. The Data collected by the observation and interview technique. Observation was done to collect the data about the impacts of social conflict, especially on the reality of segregation based on religion background, while interview was done with the tradisional / cultural leaders and …


Gunung Padang: Where Meanings And Archaeologies Coalesce, Sindhunata Hargyono Jan 2014

Gunung Padang: Where Meanings And Archaeologies Coalesce, Sindhunata Hargyono

Antropologi Indonesia

This paper looks at 21st C Gunung Padang as the site where archaeologies’ imaginations coalesce. Specifically, this paper looks at the way Gunung Padang is interpreted by different political communities, such as, international pseudoarchaeologists and indigenous people. I argue that pseudoarchaeologists engage with Gunung Padang to further their classic “rouge researchers” narrative. While geographically proximate self-identified indigenous people engage with the archaeological site to manufacture cultural continuity with the non-culture, yet, exceptional ancestors. This paper also takes Gunung Padang as a tool to problematize the literature that tries to draw boundary between pseudoarchaeology and (real) archaeology. Ultimately, I argue that …


Disease Interpretations And Response Among Hiv-Positive Mothers, Johanna Debora Imelda Jan 2014

Disease Interpretations And Response Among Hiv-Positive Mothers, Johanna Debora Imelda

Antropologi Indonesia

Despite the growing number of new cases of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia, the progress of prevention programs has been slow. Low prevelance is always stated as a reason for delaying HIV prevention programs and to justify slow progress in implementation. Prevention programs are moreover based on a high-risk group paradigm. They focus on female sex workers as responsible for the spread of HIV, leading to its stigmatization as a hooker's disease. This article describes how seropositive mothers interpret and respond to HIV and AIDS as women, in light of the fact that most of them have not experienced full-blown …


Orang Kulisusu, Identitas Dan Kekuasaan: Reproduksi Identitas Kultural Dalam Proses Pemekaran Kabupaten Buton Utara, Nurlin - Jan 2014

Orang Kulisusu, Identitas Dan Kekuasaan: Reproduksi Identitas Kultural Dalam Proses Pemekaran Kabupaten Buton Utara, Nurlin -

Antropologi Indonesia

This article describes the relationship between power, history and identity in the processof division North Buton of Muna. In this article the presence of North Buton identity is seen asa phenomenon that refers to the identity of reproduction historical narrative where Kulisusuin historical context has a power relationship with the kingdom of Buton which lasted fromthe 17th century. This study found; that the presence of North Buton identity is a product ofdiscourse that legitimized by indigenous groups who identify themselves as descendants ofthe founder of the kingdom Kulisusu. it means that the identity of North Buton formed dueto higher power …


Representation Of Latinas As Maids On Devious Maids (2013), Fitria Afrianty Sudirman Dec 2013

Representation Of Latinas As Maids On Devious Maids (2013), Fitria Afrianty Sudirman

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This article aims to analyze the representation of Latinas as maids by examining the first season of US television drama comedy, Devious Maids. The show has been a controversy inside and outside Latina community since it presents the lives of five Latinas working as maids in Beverly Hills that appears to reinforce the negative stereotypes of Latinas. However, a close reading on scenes by using character analysis on two Latina characters shows that the characters break stereotypes in various ways. The show gives visibility to the Latinas by putting them as main characters and portraying them as progressive and independent …


Analisis Dampak Kualitas Komite Audit Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan Dengan Kualitas Audit Sebagai Variabel Moderasi, Nurul Mutmainnah,, Ratna Wardhani Dec 2013

Analisis Dampak Kualitas Komite Audit Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan Dengan Kualitas Audit Sebagai Variabel Moderasi, Nurul Mutmainnah,, Ratna Wardhani

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

This research is aimed to examine the impact of audit committee quality measured by audit committee expertise, audit committee size, and number of meeting on the quality of company financial reporting with an audit quality as a moderating variable. This research uses three measures for financial reporting quality which are persistency, predictability, and conservatism. The results of this research show that audit committee quality affects financial reporting quality. Audit committee financial literacy significantly increase persistency and predictability of earnings. Size of audit committee positively affects earnings persistency and negatively affects earnings predictability and conservatism. Number of audit committee meeting also …


International Cooperation Among States In Globalized Era:The Decline Of State Sovereignty, Koesrianti Koesrianti Dec 2013

International Cooperation Among States In Globalized Era:The Decline Of State Sovereignty, Koesrianti Koesrianti

Indonesia Law Review

This article discusses the national sovereignty and regionalism in the context of the membership of a state into regional economic organisations. It concludes that in nowadays-shrinking world the traditional concept of sovereignty is less relevant since states have suffered a loss in their sovereignty. It found that member states of regional economic organisations have to cede a degree of sovereignty, such as in the EU. This phenomenon however is not the case for NAFTA and AFTA.


Mainstreaming Human Rights Under National And International Law: Legal And Epistemic Question, Damilola S. Olawuyi Dec 2013

Mainstreaming Human Rights Under National And International Law: Legal And Epistemic Question, Damilola S. Olawuyi

Indonesia Law Review

Even though the concept of human rights mainstreaming is not new to public international law, it has recently gained increased recognition as a practical approach for recognizing the linkages between human rights and other social justice issues such as environmental protection. A plenitude of literature have been generated on the need to recognize and enforce human rights standards and norms in a wide range of issues including environment, health, gender, poverty, food, water and refugee protection to mention but a few. Despite the rapid ascendancy of the human rights mainstreaming concept, much attention have not been given to the scope …