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Cover And Contents Jan 2009

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Zoology

No abstract provided.


Occurrence Of The Pathogens And Parasites Of Phyllotreta Undulata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) In Turkey, Mustafa Yaman, Onur Tosun, Çi̇çek Aydin Jan 2009

Occurrence Of The Pathogens And Parasites Of Phyllotreta Undulata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) In Turkey, Mustafa Yaman, Onur Tosun, Çi̇çek Aydin

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The pathogens and parasites of Pyllotreta undulata Kutschera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) collected from 5 localities in the Black Sea region of Turkey were investigated. Four different types of pathogens and parasites were recorded in adults of P. undulata: gregarine, microsporidium, and 2 nematodes, namely 1 Howardula species and 1 Hexamermis species. Gregarine and Howardula were the most common pathogen and parasite in P. undulata populations. There is the first record of a Hexamermis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasite from P. undulata in Turkey.


Rumen Entodiniid Ciliated Protozoan Fauna (Entodiniomorphida: Entodiniidae) Of Domestic Sheep (Ovis Ammon Aries L.) From Northern Cyprus, With A Description Of A New Species, Entodinium Cypriensis Sp. Nov., Bayram Göçmen, Gözde Gürelli̇ Jan 2009

Rumen Entodiniid Ciliated Protozoan Fauna (Entodiniomorphida: Entodiniidae) Of Domestic Sheep (Ovis Ammon Aries L.) From Northern Cyprus, With A Description Of A New Species, Entodinium Cypriensis Sp. Nov., Bayram Göçmen, Gözde Gürelli̇

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Rumen contents obtained from 10 adult domestic sheep (Ovis ammon aries L.) at a slaughterhouse in Lapethos-Kyrenia (Girne), Northern Cyprus were surveyed for entodiniid ciliate protozoa. As a result of our survey 27 species, including 33 forms, were identified. An unusual form of Entodinium was observed in 2 sheep and is described as a new species, E. cypriensis sp. nov. Its relationship to similar Entodinium species is discussed. This study also reports new host records for E. imai, E. oektemae, E. ogimotoi, E. quadricuspis, E. rectangulatum f. dubardi, and E. rostratum. Furthermore, we report for the second time the presence …


New Genera And Species Of The Family Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera) From Turkey, Abdullah Mart, Ümi̇t İncekara, Ahmet Polat, Hani̇fi̇ Karaca Jan 2009

New Genera And Species Of The Family Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera) From Turkey, Abdullah Mart, Ümi̇t İncekara, Ahmet Polat, Hani̇fi̇ Karaca

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Two hydrophilid genera, Cymbiodyta Bedel 1881 and Chasmogenus (Watanabe, 1987), and 3 species, Cymbiodyta marginella (Fabricius, 1792), Enochrus (Methydrus) coarctatus (Gredler, 1863), and Chasmogenus (Crephelochares) orbus (Watanabe, 1987), are reported for the first time from Turkey. The ecological findings and morphological characters of these species are described, and their aedeagi are illustrated. Biological observations and distribution records for all the newly recorded species are also presented. Diagnostic characters are supported with microscope micrographs.


Insects Associated With The Endemic Species Heracleum Platytaenium Boiss. (Apiaceae) With New Records For The Turkish Fauna, Erhan Koçak, Mustafa Özdemi̇r, Vladimir V. Zlobin Jan 2009

Insects Associated With The Endemic Species Heracleum Platytaenium Boiss. (Apiaceae) With New Records For The Turkish Fauna, Erhan Koçak, Mustafa Özdemi̇r, Vladimir V. Zlobin

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The perennial monocarpic endemic species Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. [Apiaceae (=Umbelliferae)] was collected with associated insects in Kızılcahamam (Ankara) between June and August in 2006-2007. Nine insects, namely Hemipterous Graphosoma lineatum (L.), G. semipunctatum (Fabricius) and Anoraphis subterranea (Walker), Coleopterous Lixus nordmanni Hochhuht, Lepidopterous Aethes kasyi Razowski, Epinotia thapsiana (Zeller) and Epermenia chaerophyllella (Goeze), Dipterous Melanagromyza heracleana Zlobin, and Lasiambia albidipennis (Strobl.) (Diptera) were determined on H. platytaenium. Among them, M. heracleana (Agromyzidae) is recorded from Turkey for the first time, and Lasiambia albidipennis (Chloropidae) is new as genus and species for the Turkish fauna. Additionally, H. platytaenium is recognized as …


Cover And Contents Jan 2009

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Zoology

No abstract provided.


Review Of The Ichthyofaunal Changes In Lake Eğirdir Between 1915 And 2007, Fahretti̇n Küçük, Hasan M. Sari, Orhan Demi̇r, İskender Gülle Jan 2009

Review Of The Ichthyofaunal Changes In Lake Eğirdir Between 1915 And 2007, Fahretti̇n Küçük, Hasan M. Sari, Orhan Demi̇r, İskender Gülle

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The ichthyofaunal changes in Lake Eğirdir between 1915 and 2007 were reviewed. It was understood that the most drastic change in the ichthyofauna of Lake Eğirdir occurred in 1955 with the introduction of pike-perch (Sander lucioperca), and that the process of change continued with the addition of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) in 1996 and big scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) in 2003. Today, there are 15 fish taxa (10 native, 5 non-native) in Lake Eğirdir. It was determined that, among the endemic species of Lake Eğirdir, Handlirsch^{'}s minnow (Pseudophoxinus handlirschi) is extinct (EX), Ereğli minnow (Hemigrammocapoeta kemali) disappeared, and Eğirdir …


A New Species Of Quadrastichus Girault, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) From Hatay, Turkey, Mi̇kdat Doğanlar, John Lasalle, Erdal Sertkaya, Oğuzhan Doğanlar Jan 2009

A New Species Of Quadrastichus Girault, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) From Hatay, Turkey, Mi̇kdat Doğanlar, John Lasalle, Erdal Sertkaya, Oğuzhan Doğanlar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A new species, Quadrastichus dasineurae n. sp. (Hym.: Eulophidae), was reared from galls of Dasineura oleae (Loew) (Dipt.: Cecidomyiidae) on leaves and shoots of Olea europea L. as a larval parasitoid of the host in Hatay, a province of Turkey. This paper details the new species and some biological data.


Eunicidae (Polychaeta) Species In And Around İskenderun Bay (Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean) With A New Alien Species For The Mediterranean Sea And A Re-Description Of Lysidice Collaris, Güley Kurt Şahi̇n, Meli̇h Ertan Çinar Jan 2009

Eunicidae (Polychaeta) Species In And Around İskenderun Bay (Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean) With A New Alien Species For The Mediterranean Sea And A Re-Description Of Lysidice Collaris, Güley Kurt Şahi̇n, Meli̇h Ertan Çinar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study comprises the Eunicidae (Polychaeta) species from İskenderun Bay and surrounding waters (Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean). Benthic material was obtained from 25 stations from 0 to 100 m depths in September 2005. Ten species and 639 individuals belonging to 5 genera were found. Most of the individuals (65%) were determined among rocks and algae. Palola valida for the Mediterranean Sea, Eunice antennata and Lysidice margaritacea for the Levantine Sea, and E. vittata, Marphysa bellii, and M. sanguinea for the Levantine coast of Turkey are new records. Eunice antennata and P. valida were introduced from the Red Sea and appear …


Revised Checklist Of Turkish Agromyzidae (Diptera) Fauna Of Turkey, Hasan Sungur Ci̇velek, Emi̇ne Çikman, Oktay Dursun Jan 2009

Revised Checklist Of Turkish Agromyzidae (Diptera) Fauna Of Turkey, Hasan Sungur Ci̇velek, Emi̇ne Çikman, Oktay Dursun

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was carried out in the years of 2007 and 2008 in some provinces of Turkey. Specimens of leafminers were collected on cultured and non-cultured plants during 1 year. In this study, 29 new records belonging to 7 genera were found for the Turkish fauna. With this study, the number of leafminer species, which was 136 previously, has been updated to 165 species.


Karyotype Analysis Of An Endemic Sucker Catfish, Glyptothorax Silviae Coad,1981 (Actinopterygii: Sisoridae), From Iran, Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Zeinab Gholami, Narges Nazari, Ali Gholamifard, Fatemeh Shahryari, Somayeh Baghbani, Mehrgan Ebrahimi Jan 2009

Karyotype Analysis Of An Endemic Sucker Catfish, Glyptothorax Silviae Coad,1981 (Actinopterygii: Sisoridae), From Iran, Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Zeinab Gholami, Narges Nazari, Ali Gholamifard, Fatemeh Shahryari, Somayeh Baghbani, Mehrgan Ebrahimi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The karyotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of southern catfish, Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981, was investigated for the first time by examining metaphase chromosome spreads obtained from gill epithelial and kidney cells. The diploid chromosome number of this species was 2n = 52. The karyotype consisted of 9 pairs of metacentric, 14 pairs of submetacentric, and 3 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. The arm number was 98. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were cytologically detected in this catfish. Comparison of the chromosome number of this fish with that of the other members of subfamily Glyptosterninae shows that 2n = 52 may be regarded as …


The Effect Of Lordosis Severity On Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax L., 1758) Swimming Performance, Fati̇h Başaran, Hüseyi̇n Özbi̇lgi̇n, Yeli̇z Doğanyilmaz Özbi̇lgi̇n, Şükrü Şenol Paruğ, Osman Özden Jan 2009

The Effect Of Lordosis Severity On Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax L., 1758) Swimming Performance, Fati̇h Başaran, Hüseyi̇n Özbi̇lgi̇n, Yeli̇z Doğanyilmaz Özbi̇lgi̇n, Şükrü Şenol Paruğ, Osman Özden

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The relationship between the lordosis severity and swimming performance in sea bass juveniles was investigated. In total, 149 experimental animals 110-130 days old that ranged from 1.44 to 3.44 g (mean_{TW} ± SD: 2.41 ± 0.49 g) and 5.4 to 6.5 cm (mean_{TL} ± SD: 6.03 ± 0.39 cm) were used in experiments to determine critical swimming speed (U_{crit}) in water that was 14 ± 1 °C. Vertebral angle in normal healthy fish is 180°. The lordosis severity in abnormal fish is indicated by a reduction in this value. Vertebral angles (\varphiº) of the experimental animals in this study ranged …


Notes On Amphipods Caprella Andreae Mayer, 1890 And Podocerus Chelonophilus (Chevreux & Guerne, 1888) Collected From The Loggerhead Sea Turtle, Caretta Caretta, Off The Mediterranean And The Aegean Coasts Of Turkey, Murat Sezgi̇n, A. Suat Ateş, Tuncer Katağan, Kerem Bakir, Şükran Yalçin Özdi̇lek Jan 2009

Notes On Amphipods Caprella Andreae Mayer, 1890 And Podocerus Chelonophilus (Chevreux & Guerne, 1888) Collected From The Loggerhead Sea Turtle, Caretta Caretta, Off The Mediterranean And The Aegean Coasts Of Turkey, Murat Sezgi̇n, A. Suat Ateş, Tuncer Katağan, Kerem Bakir, Şükran Yalçin Özdi̇lek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present study reports the occurrence of 2 amphipod species, Caprella andreae Mayer, 1890 and Podocerus chelonophilus Chevreux & Guerne, 1888, that appeared on the carapace of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Levantine Sea). The amphipod specimens were found on a male Caretta caretta captured during experimental bottom studies conducted off Samandağ, Hatay (the Turkish Mediterranean coast) on 7 April 2007. In addition, Caprella andreae Mayer 1890 was collected from the nets of fish cages off the Seferihisar (Aegean Sea) coast (38^{°}11^{'}32^{"}N, 26^{°}38^{'}07^{"}E). C. andreae is a first report for the amphipod fauna …


Cover And Contents Jan 2009

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Zoology

No abstract provided.


Use Of Oxalic Acid To Control Varroa Destructor In Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) Colonies, Ethem Akyol, Hali̇l Yeni̇nar Jan 2009

Use Of Oxalic Acid To Control Varroa Destructor In Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) Colonies, Ethem Akyol, Hali̇l Yeni̇nar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on reducing Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) populations in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in the fall. Twenty honeybee colonies, in wooden Langstroth hives, were used in this experiment. Average Varroa infestation levels (%) of the OA and control groups were 25.87% and 24.57% on adult workers before the treatments. The OA treatments were applied twice, on 3 November and 13 November 2006. Average Varroa infestation levels were 5.24% and 31.43% after the first application and 2.87% and 41.74% after the second application in the OA and control …


Factors Affecting Quality Of Life In Patients With Coronary Heart Disease, Tahi̇r Durmaz, Özcan Özdemi̇r, Burcu Akyunak Özdemi̇r, Telat Keleş, Ni̇hal Akar Bayram, Engi̇n Bozkurt Jan 2009

Factors Affecting Quality Of Life In Patients With Coronary Heart Disease, Tahi̇r Durmaz, Özcan Özdemi̇r, Burcu Akyunak Özdemi̇r, Telat Keleş, Ni̇hal Akar Bayram, Engi̇n Bozkurt

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are currently the most common cause of death worldwide and associated with significant impairment of quality of life (QOL). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the QOL patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in our country and the factors associated with QOL in these patients. Materials and Methods: The study population was composed of 85 patients diagnosed with stable CHD. The data were collected using Ferrans and Powers' Quality of Life Index Cardiac Version- IV and the query designed by the investigators. Results: Eighty-five patients (29 female, 56 male; ages between 38 and 72 years) were …


Cover And Contents Jan 2009

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Phylogenetic Analyses Of Amaranthaceae Based On Matk Dna Sequence Data With Emphasis On West African Species, Oluwatoyin T. Ogundipe, Mark Chase Jan 2009

Phylogenetic Analyses Of Amaranthaceae Based On Matk Dna Sequence Data With Emphasis On West African Species, Oluwatoyin T. Ogundipe, Mark Chase

Turkish Journal of Botany

Comparative sequencing of the chloroplast matK coding and non-coding regions was used to examine relationship among the species of Amaranthaceae with emphasis on the West African species and other closely related family such as Chenopodiaceae, Portulacaceae, and Caryophyllaceae. Phylogenetic analysis of the matK sequences alone and in combination using maximum parsimony methods produced monophyletic lineage of Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae. Our results indicated that a polyphyletic Celosieae as sister to an Amaranthus-Chemissoa lineage. Subfamily Amaranthoideae is paraphyletic to the core Gomphrenoids. This study also shows that the polyphyly of Amarantheae is apparent and so is the polyphyly of Amaranthinae.


Check-List Of Additional Taxa To The Supplement Flora Of Turkey Iv, Neri̇man Özhatay, Şükran Kültür, Serdar Aslan Jan 2009

Check-List Of Additional Taxa To The Supplement Flora Of Turkey Iv, Neri̇man Özhatay, Şükran Kültür, Serdar Aslan

Turkish Journal of Botany

The fourth check-list of the series entitled 'Additional taxa to the Flora of Turkey' comprises a total of 175 taxa based on data given in 162 papers published up until the end of 2007. It provides details of taxa not recorded in the 11 volumes of the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands nor in the there previously published supplementary check-lists.


Cover And Contents Jan 2009

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.


Cover And Contents Jan 2009

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.


The Role Of Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Pretreatment In Improving Sugarcane’S Salt (Nacl) Tolerance, Neelma Munir, Faheem Aftab Jan 2009

The Role Of Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Pretreatment In Improving Sugarcane’S Salt (Nacl) Tolerance, Neelma Munir, Faheem Aftab

Turkish Journal of Botany

An important aspect of salt tolerance studies in different plants is the relationship between salt and water stress. In the present study calluses (60 days old) of 2 sugarcane cultivars (cv. SPF 234 and cv. HSF 240) were treated with 4 different salt concentrations, including a control (0 mM NaCl), after 1% polyethylene glycol (PEG) pretreatment for 5 days. Fresh weight, callus browning, and necrosis data were recorded at day 120. Biochemical parameters (soluble protein contents, and peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity) were also analysed. Regardless of PEG pretreatment, calluses subjected to salt stress had less fresh weight than …


Macrofungi Of Huzurlu High Plateau (Gaziantep-Turkey), Abdullah Kaya Jan 2009

Macrofungi Of Huzurlu High Plateau (Gaziantep-Turkey), Abdullah Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

Macrofungi samples were collected from Huzurlu high plateau and its surroundings between 2002 and 2005. As a result of macroscopic and microscopic investigations 105 taxa belonging to 67 genera and 33 families were recorded in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes classes. Six of them, Phaeohelotium umbilicatum (Le Gal) Dennis, Lepiota jacobi Vellinga & Knudsen, Leucoagaricus erioderma (Malençon) Bon, Leucoagaricus serenus (Fr.) Bon & Boiffard, Cortinarius turgidus Fr., and Cotylidia diaphana (Schwein.) Lentz, are new records for the macromycota of Turkey.


Cover And Contents Jan 2009

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.


Impact Of Socioeconomic Conditions And Parasitic Infection On Hemoglobin Level Among Children In Um-Unnasser Village, Gaza Strip, Bassam F. Al-Zain Jan 2009

Impact Of Socioeconomic Conditions And Parasitic Infection On Hemoglobin Level Among Children In Um-Unnasser Village, Gaza Strip, Bassam F. Al-Zain

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aims: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the impact of socioeconomic conditions and intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) on hemoglobin level among children aged 2-15 years in Um-Unnasser village, North Gaza, Palestine. Materials and Methods: The data were collected using structured questionnaire and laboratory analysis of blood and fecal samples. Results: Of 256 children, 25% were anemic and prevalence was higher in children aged below six years. Overall prevalence of IPI was 46.9%. Ascaris lumbricoides (11.3%), Giardia lamblia (8.2%), Hymenolepis nana (6.2%), Entamoeba histolytica (5.1%), Strongyloides stercoralis (2.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (2.7%), and Trichuris trichiura (0.3%) were the most frequently found, …


Examining Antibiotic Use At An Education And Research Hospital In Turkey: Point Prevalence Results, Gül R. Yilmaz, Cemal Bulut, Fati̇h Yildiz, Selcan Arslan, M. Arzu Yetki̇n, Ali̇ Pekcan Demi̇röz Jan 2009

Examining Antibiotic Use At An Education And Research Hospital In Turkey: Point Prevalence Results, Gül R. Yilmaz, Cemal Bulut, Fati̇h Yildiz, Selcan Arslan, M. Arzu Yetki̇n, Ali̇ Pekcan Demi̇röz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aims: Antimicrobial drugs are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in hospitals. Inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to development of antimicrobial resistance. The aims of this study were to determine the rate of antibiotic usage in hospitalized patients, the reasons for antibiotic therapy, irrational uses, and the rates of irrational use in patients hospitalized in Ankara Education and Research Hospital. Materials and Methods: A point prevalence surveillance study was performed on 27 April 2006 at Ankara Education and Research Hospital. Data of all hospitalized patients were collected. Results: On the day of the study, 153 patients (36.2%) out of 422 …


Investigation (In Vivo And In Vitro) Of Booster Dose Vaccine Requirement For Long-Term Protection Against Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Onur Saygun, Can Polat Eyi̇gün, İsmai̇l Yaşar Avci, Üçler Kisa, Alaaddi̇n Pahsa Jan 2009

Investigation (In Vivo And In Vitro) Of Booster Dose Vaccine Requirement For Long-Term Protection Against Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Onur Saygun, Can Polat Eyi̇gün, İsmai̇l Yaşar Avci, Üçler Kisa, Alaaddi̇n Pahsa

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Studies have shown that no booster dose was required at least 10 to 15 years after a primary vaccination for individuals who developed protective anti-hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) antibodies. In this study, booster dose requirement for HBV after primary immunization was investigated. Materials and Methods: Seventeen individuals vaccinated previously were enrolled in the study. They had once developed a protective level of anti-HBs antibody after immunization and their anti-HBs titer had declined to an underprotective level. Twenty uninfected and unvaccinated healthy people were chosen as controls. Lymphoproliferative response to in-vitro stimulation with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs …


Demographics, Clinical Presentations And Outcomes Of Cancer Patients Admitting To Emergency Department., Nuri̇ Bozdemi̇r, Oktay Eray, Cenker Eken, Yeşi̇m Şenol, Mehmet Artaç, Mustafa Samur Jan 2009

Demographics, Clinical Presentations And Outcomes Of Cancer Patients Admitting To Emergency Department., Nuri̇ Bozdemi̇r, Oktay Eray, Cenker Eken, Yeşi̇m Şenol, Mehmet Artaç, Mustafa Samur

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The development of new treatment strategies for cancer patients resulted in an increase of cancer patient visits to emergency departments (EDs). The purpose of this study is to determine clinical characteristics, causes, and predictors of short term prognosis of cancer patient admissions to the ED. Materials and Methods: This prospective, clinical, and observational study was carried out in an adult ED of a tertiary hospital with an annual census of 55,000. All cancer patients visiting the ED within the 6-month period were enrolled into the study and followed up at the 1st and 3rd months afterwards. Records were based …


Glass Particles In The Frontal Sinus, Sedat Aydin, Ari̇f Şanli, Mehmet Eken, Ümi̇t Hardal Jan 2009

Glass Particles In The Frontal Sinus, Sedat Aydin, Ari̇f Şanli, Mehmet Eken, Ümi̇t Hardal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We present a patient that had a frontal sinus mucocele, which was the result of a traffic accident that occurred 3 years earlier. During surgery via the osteoplastic approach we observed glass particles in the left frontal sinus. As patients with foreign bodies in the paranasal sinus are not commonly seen in otolaryngological practice, especially glass particles in the frontal sinus, and papers dealing with this issue are rare in the English language literature, we present our case and a review of the literature.


A Simple Surgical Technique For Repair Of Iridodialysis, Şengül Özdek, Mehmet Cüneyt Özmen Jan 2009

A Simple Surgical Technique For Repair Of Iridodialysis, Şengül Özdek, Mehmet Cüneyt Özmen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

A simple surgical technique is described for repair of iridodialysis and a traumatic iridodialysis case is presented. In this technique, a 10-0 polypropylene suture is used for repair. The knot is left in the anterior chamber to avoid suture related complications such as erosion, patient discomfort, and infection. This technique can be a safe and easy way to repair large iridodialysis.