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Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) Species On Pine Trees Of Turkey, Selma Ülgentürk, Nevzat Evren, Bi̇kem Ayhan, Özlem Dostbi̇l, Oktay Dursun, Hasan Sungur Ci̇velek
Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) Species On Pine Trees Of Turkey, Selma Ülgentürk, Nevzat Evren, Bi̇kem Ayhan, Özlem Dostbi̇l, Oktay Dursun, Hasan Sungur Ci̇velek
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Coccoidea species on pine trees (Pinus brutia, P. halepensis, and P. pinea) were collected from natural pine forests, mainly in the Aegean, Mediterranean, and some neighboring (Central Anatolian, Marmara) regions of Turkey in 2008-2011. A total of 14 species were determined from Coccidae (2 species), Diaspididae (8 species) Marchalinidae (1 species), Matsucoccidae (1 species), Monophlebidae (1 species), and Pseudococcidae (1 species), and 2 of them (Gomezmenoraspis pinicola Leonardi and Poaspis intermedia Goux) are new records for Turkish fauna. While the most common pests were respectively Leucaspis pusilla Löw, Marchalina hellenica Gennadius, Matsucoccus josephi (Bodenheimer and Harpaz), G. pinicola, and Palaeococcus …
An Evaluation Of Seed Spacing Accuracy Of A Vacuum Type Precision Metering Unit Based On Theoretical Considerations And Experiments, İsmet Önal, Adnan Deği̇rmenci̇oğlu, Arzu Yazgi
An Evaluation Of Seed Spacing Accuracy Of A Vacuum Type Precision Metering Unit Based On Theoretical Considerations And Experiments, İsmet Önal, Adnan Deği̇rmenci̇oğlu, Arzu Yazgi
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Currently the most widely used machine for precision seeding of cotton and maize seed is vacuum type. The capture of seeds by vacuum plate and the release of seeds from the vacuum plate should be performed precisely without missing or doubling. The physical phenomena should be clarified theoretically to understand how the precision seeding mechanism works. To solve these problems, an attempt was made to develop a nomogram using equations describing the technical characteristics of the seeder used in this study and to describe the seed capture mechanism relying on basic principles of fluid mechanics and aerodynamic properties of seeds. …
The Role Of Short-Term High Temperature Pretreatment On The Uv-B Tolerance Of Barley Cultivars, Nuran Çi̇çek, Ivanka Fedina, Hüsnü Çakirlar, Maya Velitchkova, Katya Georgieva
The Role Of Short-Term High Temperature Pretreatment On The Uv-B Tolerance Of Barley Cultivars, Nuran Çi̇çek, Ivanka Fedina, Hüsnü Çakirlar, Maya Velitchkova, Katya Georgieva
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The impact of pretreatment with high temperature (45 °C for 45 min) on the UV-B tolerance of 4 barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Bülbül-89', 'Kalaycı-97', 'Tarm-92', and 'Tokak-157/37') was examined. The response of the plants to treatment was evaluated by measuring the pigment content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, oxygen evolution, fraction of oxygen-evolving complex, proline content, UV-B-absorbing compounds (A_{535} and A_{300}), and stress markers (malondialdehyde, H_2O_2, and UV-B marker). Regardless of high temperature pretreatment, UV-B irradiation decreased the photosynthetic pigment content, photosystem II activity, oxygen evolution, and the fraction of oxygen-evolving complex in almost all of the barley cultivars. UV-B treatment …
Rootstock Potential Of Turkish Lagenaria Siceraria Germplasm For Watermelon: Plant Growth, Yield And Quality, Fati̇h Karaca, Hali̇t Yeti̇şi̇r, İlknur Solmaz, Eli̇f Çandir, Şener Kurt, Nebahat Sari, Zehra Güler
Rootstock Potential Of Turkish Lagenaria Siceraria Germplasm For Watermelon: Plant Growth, Yield And Quality, Fati̇h Karaca, Hali̇t Yeti̇şi̇r, İlknur Solmaz, Eli̇f Çandir, Şener Kurt, Nebahat Sari, Zehra Güler
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The rootstock potential of 21 bottle gourds (Lagenaria siceraria) collected from the Mediterranean region (Turkey) was investigated for watermelon with regard to plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. The Crimson Tide watermelon cultivar was used as a scion and 2 commercial rootstocks (L. siceraria) were also used for comparison. In greenhouse conditions, the survival rate of grafted plants and the effect of rootstocks on plant growth were determined. The grafted plants were planted under low tunnels in early spring and the effects of the rootstocks on early yield, total yield, and fruit quality were evaluated. The survival rates of the …
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Of Grapefruit With The Wild-Type And Mutant Rna-Dependent Rna Polymerase Genes Of Citrus Tristeza Virus, Bayram Çevi̇k, Richard F. Lee, Charles L. Niblett
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Of Grapefruit With The Wild-Type And Mutant Rna-Dependent Rna Polymerase Genes Of Citrus Tristeza Virus, Bayram Çevi̇k, Richard F. Lee, Charles L. Niblett
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Citrus paradisi Macfad. ‘Duncan’ was transformed with constructs coding for the wild-type and mutant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) for exploring replicase-mediated pathogen-derived resistance (RM-PDR). The RdRp gene was amplified from a CTV genome and used to generate the wild-type and 2 mutant RdRp constructs for plant transformation. One mutant had the key amino acids GDD changed to AAA (RdRp-mGDD), and the second mutant had a deletion encompassing the GDD domain (RdRp-\DeltaGDD). Etiolated epicotyl segments of Duncan grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad. 'Duncan') were transformed with each of these constructs using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. From 4540 …
Differences In Some Physical And Chemical Properties Of Wheat Grains From Different Parts Within The Spike, Hüseyi̇n Boz, Kami̇l Emre Gerçekaslan, Mehmet Murat Karaoğlu, Hali̇s Gürbüz Kotancilar
Differences In Some Physical And Chemical Properties Of Wheat Grains From Different Parts Within The Spike, Hüseyi̇n Boz, Kami̇l Emre Gerçekaslan, Mehmet Murat Karaoğlu, Hali̇s Gürbüz Kotancilar
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
There is not enough information on the distribution of grain components from different areas within a spike of wheat. The aim of this study was to determine how grain position affects some physical and chemical properties of grains. Grain size, thousand-grain and hectoliter weight, Zeleny sedimentation, falling number, wheat color, grain hardness, wet and dry gluten contents, and protein and ash contents were determined in grains from different parts of the spike (bottom, middle, and top) in Karasu-90, Palandöken-97, Yıldırım, Bezostaya-1, and Doğu-88 wheat varieties. Grain position in the spike had a significant effect on some physical and chemical properties …
Investigating Rainfall Erosivity Indices In Arid And Semiarid Climates Of Iran, Elaheh Moussavi Kiassari, Davood Nikkami, Mohammad Hossein Mahdian, Ebrahim Pazira
Investigating Rainfall Erosivity Indices In Arid And Semiarid Climates Of Iran, Elaheh Moussavi Kiassari, Davood Nikkami, Mohammad Hossein Mahdian, Ebrahim Pazira
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The rainfall erosivity index is one of the most important factors influencing soil erosion. For this reason, investigating the accuracy of rainfall erosivity indices is very important in different climatic regions. The objective of this research was to investigate different rainfall erosivity factors and determine the most appropriate ones for use in the central and northeastern parts of Iran. For this reason, necessary data were collected from 92, 6 and 10 soil erosion research plots in Khorasan Razavi, Semnan and Isfahan provinces, respectively. The rainfall intensities were recorded, as was the sediment yield associated with storm events, and 63 different …
Soil Failure Mode In Front Of A Multiple-Tip Horizontally Operated Penetrometer, Abbas Hemmat, Azar Khorsandi, Vahab Shafaie
Soil Failure Mode In Front Of A Multiple-Tip Horizontally Operated Penetrometer, Abbas Hemmat, Azar Khorsandi, Vahab Shafaie
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Mechanical resistance of a soil to failure has been widely used to estimate the degree of soil compaction. Our previous study showed that the magnitude of force measured by the horizontally operated penetrometer depends on the soil failure mode in front of the sensor tip. In this research, 2 horizontally operated penetrometers were developed to investigate whether the critical depth (dc) at which the soil failure transition from brittle to compressive occurs is dictated by the aspect ratio (working depth/width ratio) of the tip or of the shank of the sensor. In the first sensor, the width of the shank …
Correlation Between The Protein Content And Mechanical Properties Of Wheat, Mehmet Başlar, Fati̇h Kalkan, Mazhar Kara, Mustafa Fati̇h Ertugay
Correlation Between The Protein Content And Mechanical Properties Of Wheat, Mehmet Başlar, Fati̇h Kalkan, Mazhar Kara, Mustafa Fati̇h Ertugay
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The mechanical properties of wheat varieties are important in the milling industry. This study investigated the correlation between the protein content of 5 wheat varieties and their mechanical properties of rupture force, energy absorbed, and hardness. Based on correlation coefficients, a strong correlation was found between the protein content of all wheat varieties investigated and their mechanical properties. The correlation levels between the protein content and rupture force, energy absorbed, and hardness were r = 0.953, 0.883, and 0.884 for X-X load orientation and r = 0.955, 0.963, and 0.954 for Y-Y load orientation, respectively.
Determination Of The Bread-Making Quality Of Flours Using An Automatic Bread Machine, İsmai̇l Sai̇t Doğan, Önder Yildiz, Burhan Taşan
Determination Of The Bread-Making Quality Of Flours Using An Automatic Bread Machine, İsmai̇l Sai̇t Doğan, Önder Yildiz, Burhan Taşan
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this study, the possibility of bread machine utilization as a quality control tool in the baking industry was investigated. Three different flour samples (F_1, F_2, and F_3) having different protein contents were obtained and then 12% wheat starch and 2% vital gluten were added to these flours to adjust protein ratios. The physicochemical and rheological properties of these flour combinations were analyzed. Specific volume, crumb grain attributes, crust and crumb color, and bread firmness in terms of compressibility (g) were measured. Specific volumes changed between 5.22 and 6.69 mL g^{-1} and between 4.87 and 6.29 mL g^{-1} for hearth …
Some Quality Characteristics Of Selected Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum) Landraces, Abdulvahi̇t Sayaslan, Mehmet Koyuncu, Ahmet Yildirim, Tuğba Güleç, Özlem Ateş Sönmezoğlu, Nejdet Kandemi̇r
Some Quality Characteristics Of Selected Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum) Landraces, Abdulvahi̇t Sayaslan, Mehmet Koyuncu, Ahmet Yildirim, Tuğba Güleç, Özlem Ateş Sönmezoğlu, Nejdet Kandemi̇r
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Durum wheat (Triticum durum) is primarily used for the production of high-quality pasta products because of its certain superior characteristics. Wheat landraces are locally adapted diverse populations evolved through natural selection and are invaluable genetic resources for breeding programs. The search for new genetic resources all around the world has been underway to develop high-quality durum wheats. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the pasta quality-associated characteristics of 12 durum wheat landraces (Bağacak, Beyaziye, İskenderiye, Sorgül, Karakılçık, Beyaz Buğday, Ağ Buğdayı, Bintepe, Havrani, Çalıbasan, Hacı Halil, and Akçakale) compared to 2 well-established high-quality durum wheat cultivars, Kyle …
Structural And Optical Studies On La Doped Cds Nanocrystalline Films, Kusumanjali Dehmukh, Mimi Mukherjee, Shashi Bhushan
Structural And Optical Studies On La Doped Cds Nanocrystalline Films, Kusumanjali Dehmukh, Mimi Mukherjee, Shashi Bhushan
Turkish Journal of Physics
This paper reports the synthesis of pure and lanthanum (La) doped nanocrystalline CdS semiconducting films on the glass substrate by means of chemical bath deposition (CBD), with Cd(CH_3COO)_2 as Cadmium (Cd) ion source, (NH_2)_2CS as sulphur (S) ion source and Thioglycerol as capping agent. Long, rod like structures is observed in SEM micrographs of the films. XRD studies show the existence of both hexagonal and cubic phases. Increase in FWHM is observed for smaller particle due to nanocrystalline effect. UV-VIS absorption studies show shift of absorption edge towards lower wavelength side. Corresponding change in band gap energy results in shift …
Equations Of State For Amorphous And Crystalline Nickel By Means Of Molecular Dynamics Method, Soner Özgen, Levent Sonğur, İzzet Kara
Equations Of State For Amorphous And Crystalline Nickel By Means Of Molecular Dynamics Method, Soner Özgen, Levent Sonğur, İzzet Kara
Turkish Journal of Physics
There are few theoretical studies on the equation of state (EOS) for amorphous materials while much work has been carried out for crystalline systems. In this study, the EOSs for both crystal- and amorphous-structured nickel are obtained by using an anisotropic molecular dynamics method based on the Voter-Chen formalism of embedded atom method. In order to achieve the EOSs, polynomial curve fitting method has been applied to the data obtained from molecular dynamics simulations carried assuming isothermal and isobaric conditions. Isothermal bulk modulus and their pressure derivatives for both amorphous and crystal structures have also been calculated. The results are …
The Differential Transform Method For Solving Heat-Like And Wave-Like Equations With Variable Coefficients, Khatereh Tabatabaei, Ercan Çeli̇k, Raziyeh Tabatabaei
The Differential Transform Method For Solving Heat-Like And Wave-Like Equations With Variable Coefficients, Khatereh Tabatabaei, Ercan Çeli̇k, Raziyeh Tabatabaei
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this article, Differential transform method is presented for solving heat-like and wave-like equations with variable coefficients. We applied these methods to six examples. This powerful method gives an exact solution. These examples are prepared to show the efficiency and simplicity of the method.
Research On Antifungal And Inhibitory Effects Of Dl-Limonene On Some Yeasts, Mustafa Ümi̇t Ünal, Fi̇li̇z Uçan, Aysun Şener, Sadik Di̇nçer
Research On Antifungal And Inhibitory Effects Of Dl-Limonene On Some Yeasts, Mustafa Ümi̇t Ünal, Fi̇li̇z Uçan, Aysun Şener, Sadik Di̇nçer
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal effect of DL-limonene on yeasts using disk diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The effect of DL-limonene on ethyl alcohol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also investigated. According to disk diffusion results, the development of an inhibition zone was observed in all microorganisms tested. The inhibition zones were larger than those occurring with the Fungizone antibiotic used as the control. Inhibition zone diameters increased with increasing amounts of DL-limonene. MIC results varied between 500 and 4000 µg mL^{-1} depending on the yeast strain. DL-limonene at a concentration of 0.20% (w v^{-1}) …
Estimating Wetting Front Coordinates Under Surface Trickle Irrigation, Ahad Molavi, Aliashraf Sadraddini, Amir Hossein Nazemi, Ahmad Fakheri Fard
Estimating Wetting Front Coordinates Under Surface Trickle Irrigation, Ahad Molavi, Aliashraf Sadraddini, Amir Hossein Nazemi, Ahmad Fakheri Fard
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this study, wetting front or wetted bulb coordinates in soil under surface trickle irrigation were measured for 1 loam soil and 2 sandy loam soils with 2 different emitter discharges of 2 and 4 L h^{-1} by using the trenching method. A model is presented for estimating wetted bulb coordinates with a function of emitter discharge, water application time, average variation in volumetric water content, and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil. For calculating the distance of the maximum wet surface, relationships are presented based on saturated hydraulic conductivity and water application time. By comparison of measured values of wetting …
Artificial Neural Network Modeling Of Process And Product Indices In Deep Bed Drying Of Rough Rice, Mojtaba Tohidi, Morteza Sadeghi, Seyed Rasoul Mousavi, Seyed Ahmad Mireei
Artificial Neural Network Modeling Of Process And Product Indices In Deep Bed Drying Of Rough Rice, Mojtaba Tohidi, Morteza Sadeghi, Seyed Rasoul Mousavi, Seyed Ahmad Mireei
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study aimed to model the performance indices of deep bed drying of rough rice using artificial neural networks (ANNs), compare the ANN approach to the multivariate regression method, and determine the sensitivity of the ANN model to the input variables. The effects of air temperature, air velocity, and air relative humidity on drying kinetics, product output rate (POR), evaporation rate (ER), and percentage of kernel cracking (KC) were investigated. To predict the dependent parameters, 3 well-known networks, namely the multilayer perceptron, generalized feed forward (GFF), and modular neural network, were examined. The GFF networks with the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm, …
Different Furrow Management Techniques For Cotton Production And Water Conservation In Harran Plain, Şanlıurfa, Riza Kanber, Sermet Önder, Mustafa Ünlü, Servet Teki̇n, Semi̇h Meti̇n Sezen, Kenan Di̇ker
Different Furrow Management Techniques For Cotton Production And Water Conservation In Harran Plain, Şanlıurfa, Riza Kanber, Sermet Önder, Mustafa Ünlü, Servet Teki̇n, Semi̇h Meti̇n Sezen, Kenan Di̇ker
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this study, the water saving and conservation potential of various furrow irrigation management techniques for irrigated cotton were compared. Conventional every-furrow irrigation with open-end furrows (EFO) and blocked-end furrows (EFB), and alternate every-other-furrow management with open-end furrows (AFO) and blocked-end furrows (AFB), were considered. Considerable seasonal water savings were obtained with AFO and AFB flows, on average from 717 mm to 906 mm, respectively, when compared to EFO. Alternate furrows showed the ability to reduce tailwater runoff considerably. When compared with EFO, water use was reduced by 9063 m^3 ha^{-1} (60%) using AFB and 7167 m^3 ha^{-1} (48%) using …
Application Of Data Mining On Evaluation Of Energy Dissipation Over Low Gabion-Stepped Weir, Farzin Salmasi, Mohammad Taghi Sattari, Mahesh Pal
Application Of Data Mining On Evaluation Of Energy Dissipation Over Low Gabion-Stepped Weir, Farzin Salmasi, Mohammad Taghi Sattari, Mahesh Pal
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Results of a study designed to examine the behavior of gabion-stepped weirs for energy dissipation are presented in this paper. Laboratory tests were conducted with 8 physical models consisting of 3 different porosities (38%, 40%, and 42%) and 2 slopes (1:1 and 1:2). An iron plate was also placed on each horizontal and vertical step to study and classify the effect of step porosity on the energy dissipation rate. A decision tree technique was used to derive if-then rules in order to classify the energy dissipation through the weir models. Results from this study suggest that a decision tree model …
Large Scale Evaluation Of Single Storm And Short/Long Term Erosivity Index Models, Alidad Karami, Mehdi Homaee, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Sadegh Afzalinia, Sanaz Basirat
Large Scale Evaluation Of Single Storm And Short/Long Term Erosivity Index Models, Alidad Karami, Mehdi Homaee, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Sadegh Afzalinia, Sanaz Basirat
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Rainfall erosivity of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is influenced by the type, amount, and intensity of storm. In this research, rainfall data from 18 recording rain gauge stations were collected and analyzed. Further, their single storm, daily, monthly, and annual erosion indices were calculated and estimated by different models. Duration of each rainfall was divided into 15 min intervals. Intensity and energy of each interval, maximum rainfall intensity of 30 min, total energy of each rainfall, and erosivity index of every single storm were calculated. Furthermore, Cooley's model for single storm was evaluated and its coefficients were …
The Effect Of Various Long-Term Tillage Systems On Soil Properties And Spring Barley Yield, Irena Malecka, Andrzej Blecharczyk, Zuzanna Sawinska, Tomasz Dobrzeniecki
The Effect Of Various Long-Term Tillage Systems On Soil Properties And Spring Barley Yield, Irena Malecka, Andrzej Blecharczyk, Zuzanna Sawinska, Tomasz Dobrzeniecki
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study, performed on a soil that is classified as Albic Luvisols that developed on loamy sands overlying loamy material (1.4% organic matter and pH 6.5), concerns the impact of tillage systems on soil properties and the yield of spring barley. The experiment design included 3 tillage systems: conventional tillage, reduced tillage, and no-tillage. Continuous cultivation for 7 consecutive years by reduced tillage and no-tillage led to changes in the physical properties of the surface soil layer (0-5 cm). At the stem elongation growth stage of spring barley, conservation tillage systems resulted in a higher water content and bulk density …
Laminated Veneer Lumber (Lvl) Manufacturing Using Three Hybrid Poplar Clones, Ramazan Kurt, Hayretti̇n Meri̇ç, Kağan Aslan, Muhammet Çi̇l
Laminated Veneer Lumber (Lvl) Manufacturing Using Three Hybrid Poplar Clones, Ramazan Kurt, Hayretti̇n Meri̇ç, Kağan Aslan, Muhammet Çi̇l
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) were manufactured from veneers of 3 rotary peeled fast growing hybrid poplar clones, I-214 (Populus ×euramericana), I-77/51 (Populus deltoides), and S.307-26 (Populus deltoides), with a phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive. Two Populus deltoides clones that are grown in Turkey were used for the first time in LVL production. The clone effect on selected LVLs' physical, mechanical, and combustion properties were investigated and compared to those of host woods (HWs). In addition, the suitability of 2 new Populus deltoides clones in addition to Populus ×euramericana was determined for LVL manufacturing. The properties of LVLs were affected by clone …
Two-Stage Sampling To Estimate Individual Tree Biomass, Ramazan Özçeli̇k, Tuncay Eraslan
Two-Stage Sampling To Estimate Individual Tree Biomass, Ramazan Özçeli̇k, Tuncay Eraslan
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The accurate estimation of tree biomass is crucial for the efficient management of forest resources. In this study, we used a subsampling method for unbiased estimates of above-ground tree biomass. The method consists of 2 stages: the first stage consists of randomized branch sampling (RBS) and the second stage uses importance sampling (IS). RBS is used to select a path from the butt of an object branch to a terminal segment. IS is used for selecting a disk that produces unbiased estimates of the fresh biomass of tree. In this study, the subsampling method was tested on 14 black pine …