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On Graded Primary Ideals, Mashhoor Refai, Khaldoun Al-Zoubi
On Graded Primary Ideals, Mashhoor Refai, Khaldoun Al-Zoubi
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let G be a group and R be a G-graded commutative ring, i.e., R = \oplus_{g \in G} R_g and R_gR_h \subseteq R_{gh} for all g, h \in G. In this paper, we study the graded primary ideals and graded primary G-decomposition of a graded ideal.
Determination Of A Fractional-Linear Pencil Of Sturm-Liouville Operators By Two Of Its Spectra, R. T. Pashayev
Determination Of A Fractional-Linear Pencil Of Sturm-Liouville Operators By Two Of Its Spectra, R. T. Pashayev
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper we consider the Sturm-Liouville equations on a finite interval which is fractional-linear in the spectral parameter. The inverse spectral problem consisting of the recovering of the operator from the two spectra is investigated and a uniqueness theorem for solution of the inverse problem is proved.
Perelman's Monotonicity Formula And Applications, Natasa Sesum
Perelman's Monotonicity Formula And Applications, Natasa Sesum
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
This article relies on [15] that the author wrote with Gang Tian and Xiaodong Wang. In view of Hamilton's important work on the Ricci flow and Perelman's paper on the Ricci flow where he developes the techniques that he will later use in completing Hamilton's program for the geometrization conjecture, there may be more interest in the area. We will also discuss the author's theorem which says that the curvature tensor stays uniformly bounded under the unnormalized Ricci flow in a finite time, if the curvatures are uniformly bounded. We will prove that in the case of a Kähler-Ricci flow …
Flops Of Crepant Resolutions, Anda Degeratu
Flops Of Crepant Resolutions, Anda Degeratu
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Let G be a finite subgroup of SL(3, \mathcal{C}) acting with an isolated singularity on \mathcal{C}^3. A crepant resolution of \mathcal{C}^3/G comes together with a set of tautological line bundles associated to each irreducible representation of G. In this note we give a formula for the triple product of the first Chern class of the tautological bundles in terms of both the geometry of the crepant resolution and the representation theory of G. From here we derive the way these triple products change when we perform a flop.
The Cross Curvature Flow Of 3-Manifolds With Negative Sectional Curvature, Bennett Chow, Richard S. Hamilton
The Cross Curvature Flow Of 3-Manifolds With Negative Sectional Curvature, Bennett Chow, Richard S. Hamilton
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We consider the cross curvature flow, an evolution equation of metrics on 3-manifolds. We establish short time existence when the sectional curvature has a sign. In the case of negative sectional curvature, we obtain some monotonicity formulas which support the conjecture that after normalization, for initial metrics on closed 3-manifolds with negative sectional curvature, the solution exists for all time and converges to a hyperbolic metric. This conjecture is still open at the present time.
Surgery Diagrams For Contact 3-Manifolds, Fan Ding, Hansjörg Geiges, Andras I. Stipsicz
Surgery Diagrams For Contact 3-Manifolds, Fan Ding, Hansjörg Geiges, Andras I. Stipsicz
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In two previous papers, the two first-named authors introduced a notion of contact r-surgery along Legendrian knots in contact 3-manifolds. They also showed how (at least in principle) to convert any contact r-surgery into a sequence of contact (\pm 1)-surgeries, and used this to prove that any (closed) contact 3-manifold can be obtained from the standard contact structure on S^3 by a sequence of such contact (\pm 1)-surgeries. In the present paper, we give a shorter proof of that result and a more explicit algorithm for turning a contact r-surgery into (\pm 1)-surgeries. We use this to give explicit surgery …
Quasipositivity Problem For 3-Braids, Stepan Yu. Orevkov
Quasipositivity Problem For 3-Braids, Stepan Yu. Orevkov
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
A braid is called quasipositive if it is a product of conjugates of standard generators of the braid group. We present an algorithm deciding if a given braid with three strings is quasipositive or not. The complexity (the time of work) of our algorithm is O(n^{k+1}) where n is the length of the word in standard generators representing the braid and k is the algebraic length of the braid. The algorithm is based on the Garside normal form. The problem of quasipositivity in braid groups is motivated by the topology of plane real algebraic curves (16th Hilbert's problem). In particular, …
Solution Of The Word Problem In The Singular Braid Group, Stepan Yu. Orevkov
Solution Of The Word Problem In The Singular Braid Group, Stepan Yu. Orevkov
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Singular braids are isotopy classes of smooth strings which are allowed to cross each other pairwise with distinct tangents. Under the usual multiplication of braids, they form a monoid. The singular braid group was introduced by Fenn-Keyman-Rourke as the quotient group of the singular braid monoid. We give a solution of the word problem for this group. It is obtained as a combination of the results by Fenn-Keyman-Rourke and some simple geometric considerations based on the mapping class interpretation of braids. Combined with Corran's normal form for the singular braid monoid, our algorithm provides a computable normal form for the …
Development Of A Mathematical Model Using Dimensional Analysis For Predicting The Friction Losses In Drip Irrigation Laterals With Cylindrical Type In-Line Emitters, Vedat Demi̇r, Hüseyi̇n Yürdem, Adnan Deği̇rmenci̇oğlu
Development Of A Mathematical Model Using Dimensional Analysis For Predicting The Friction Losses In Drip Irrigation Laterals With Cylindrical Type In-Line Emitters, Vedat Demi̇r, Hüseyi̇n Yürdem, Adnan Deği̇rmenci̇oğlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This paper presents a prediction model developed using dimensional analysis for friction losses in drip irrigation laterals. Drip irrigation laterals with cylindrical type in-line emitters placed at different spacings ranging from 0.2 to 1 m were considered. The parameters affecting the variation in friction losses in laterals were defined as dimensionless terms using Buckingham's pi theorem. In order to develop a model, experimental friction loss data from 14 different drip irrigation pipes, and some domestic and some imported ones with the above-mentioned spacings were used. The model developed in this study accounted for 98.7% of the variation in the data. …
Fuzzy \Beta-Compactness And Fuzzy \Beta-Closed Spaces, I. M. Hanafy
Fuzzy \Beta-Compactness And Fuzzy \Beta-Closed Spaces, I. M. Hanafy
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The concepts of \beta-compactness and \beta-closed spaces in the fuzzy setting are defined and investigated. Fuzzy filterbases are used to characterize these concepts. A comparison between these types and some different forms of compactness in fuzzy topology is established.
The Trace Formula For A Differential Operator Of Fourth Order With Bounded Operator Coefficients And Two Terms, Erdal Gül
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
L Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Matematik Bölümü Davutpaşa Kampüsü İstanbul-TURKEY e-mail: [email protected] We investigate the spectrum of a differential operator of fourth order with bounded operator coefficients and find a formula for the trace of this operator.
Splitting Of Sharply 2-Transitive Groups Of Characteristic 3, Seyfi̇ Türkelli̇
Splitting Of Sharply 2-Transitive Groups Of Characteristic 3, Seyfi̇ Türkelli̇
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We give a group theoretic proof of the splitting of sharply 2-transitive groups of characteristic 3.
A New Characteristic Of Möbius Transformations By Use Of Apollonius Points Of Pentagons, Serap Bulut, Ni̇hal Yilmaz Özgür
A New Characteristic Of Möbius Transformations By Use Of Apollonius Points Of Pentagons, Serap Bulut, Ni̇hal Yilmaz Özgür
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper, we give a new characterization of Möbius transformations. To this end, a new concept of ''Apollonius points of pentagons'' is used.
Rate Of Convergence Of Durrmeyer Type Baskakov-Bezier Operators For Locally Bounded Functions, Vijay Gupta
Rate Of Convergence Of Durrmeyer Type Baskakov-Bezier Operators For Locally Bounded Functions, Vijay Gupta
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In the present paper, we introduce the Durrmeyer variant of Baskakov-Bezier operators B_{n,\alpha} (f,x), which is the modified form of Baskakov-Beta operators. Here we obtain an estimate on the rate of convergence of B_{n,\alpha} (f,x) for functions of bounded variation in terms of Chanturiya's modulus of variation. In the end we also propose an open problem for the readers.
Single Mode Optical Radiation Distribution And Reflectivity Calculations In Novel-Hot Electron Light Emission And Lasing In Semiconductor Heterostructures Vcsels, Ebru Şenadim Tüzemen, Yüksel Ergun
Single Mode Optical Radiation Distribution And Reflectivity Calculations In Novel-Hot Electron Light Emission And Lasing In Semiconductor Heterostructures Vcsels, Ebru Şenadim Tüzemen, Yüksel Ergun
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this work, we calculate the power reflectivity in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) using a new method. In VCSELs, the stop band of the reflectivity spectrum should exhibit a dip at the lasing wavelength, which is a condition for lasing. This current approximation method gives a simple analytical expression to find the power reflectivity as a function of wavelength in the vicinity of lasing wavelength, \lambda_°. The proposed method can generally be applied to semiconductor VCSEL systems for a given lasing wavelength.
Empirical Models For The Correlation Of Monthly Average Daily Global Solar Radiation With Hours Of Sunshine On A Horizontal Surface At Karachi, Pakistan, Firoz Ahmed, Intikhab Ulfat
Empirical Models For The Correlation Of Monthly Average Daily Global Solar Radiation With Hours Of Sunshine On A Horizontal Surface At Karachi, Pakistan, Firoz Ahmed, Intikhab Ulfat
Turkish Journal of Physics
A new set of constants for Angstrom-type correlation of first and second order, to estimate monthly average daily global solar radiation, has been obtained employing sunshine hours data recorded at Karachi, Pakistan (Lat. 24^° 54' N, Long. 67^° 08' E). Least square regression is performed to derive these constants. The correlation equations developed are employed to calculate the monthly average daily global solar radiation. These results are then compared with various other existing correlations and the measured data. Excellent agreement has been found between the estimated and the measured values.
Areal Distribution And Bulk Rock Density Variations Of The Welded İncesu Ignimbrite, Central Anatolia, Turkey, Ulrike Mues-Schumcher, Rolf Schumacher, Lothar Georg Viereck-Götte, Petra Lepetit
Areal Distribution And Bulk Rock Density Variations Of The Welded İncesu Ignimbrite, Central Anatolia, Turkey, Ulrike Mues-Schumcher, Rolf Schumacher, Lothar Georg Viereck-Götte, Petra Lepetit
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
The 2.8 Ma İncesu ignimbrite is one of the most densely welded ignimbrites of the Cappadocian Volcanic Province. Estimates of areal extent and volume reveal at least 7,760 km^2 and 38 km^3 of erupted magma. The source area can be located beneath the northeastern flanks of the Erciyes Dağ-Koçdağ stratovolcano. Today, the ignimbrite typically forms relatively small plateaus or isolated remnants and caps on hill tops. Field characteristics of the deposit include a local dark-brown or black basal vitrophyre and horizontally zoned changes in colour which correspond to changes in modal composition. Upwardly increasing amounts of lithic fragments and pumice …
An Algorithm To Recognise Small Seifert Fiber Spaces, J. Hyam Rubinstein
An Algorithm To Recognise Small Seifert Fiber Spaces, J. Hyam Rubinstein
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The homeomorphism problem is, given two compact n-manifolds, is there an algorithm to decide if the manifolds are homeomorphic or not. The homeomorphism problem has been solved for many important classes of 3-manifolds - especially those with embedded 2-sided incompressible surfaces (cf [12], [15], [16]), which are called Haken manifolds. It is also well-known that the homeomorphism problem is easily solvable for two 3-manifolds which admit geometries in the sense of Thurston [36], [31]. Hence the recognition problem, to decide if a 3-manifold has a geometric structure, is a significant problem. The recognition problem has been solved for all geometric …
Radical Submodules And Uniform Dimension Of Modules, Patrick F. Smith
Radical Submodules And Uniform Dimension Of Modules, Patrick F. Smith
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We investigate the relations between a radical submodule N of a module M being a finite intersection of prime submodules of M and the factor module M/N having finite uniform dimension. It is proved that if N is a radical submodule of a module M over a ring R such that M/N has finite uniform dimension, then N is a finite intersection of prime submodules. The converse is false in general but is true if the ring R is fully left bounded left Goldie and the module M is finitely generated. It is further proved that, in general, if a …
Track Registration Characteristics Of Low-Energy Protons In Cellulose Nitrate (Cn-85), Arif Mahmood, Shazia Bashir, Attiq Us-Salam, Faizan Ul-Haq
Track Registration Characteristics Of Low-Energy Protons In Cellulose Nitrate (Cn-85), Arif Mahmood, Shazia Bashir, Attiq Us-Salam, Faizan Ul-Haq
Turkish Journal of Physics
We describe our efforts to determine the most important track registration parameters for the suitable use of CN-85 track detectors in the registration of low energy protons.
Some New Mathematical Results Obtained Using Closure, Harry A. Mavromatis
Some New Mathematical Results Obtained Using Closure, Harry A. Mavromatis
Turkish Journal of Physics
Several new mathematical sum rules are derived using closure. Their convergence and other properties are then discussed.
Analysis Of Rgu Photometry In Selected Area 51, Selçuk Bi̇li̇r, Sali̇h Karaali̇, R. Buser
Analysis Of Rgu Photometry In Selected Area 51, Selçuk Bi̇li̇r, Sali̇h Karaali̇, R. Buser
Turkish Journal of Physics
A low-latitude anticenter field (l = 189°, b = +21°) is investigated by using the full calibration tools of RGU photometry. The observed RGU data are reduced to the standard system and the separation of dwarfs and evolved stars is carried out by an empirical method. Stars are categorized into three metallicity classes, i.e. -0.25
The Karakaya Complex: A Review Of Data And Concepts, Aral İ. Okay, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu
The Karakaya Complex: A Review Of Data And Concepts, Aral İ. Okay, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
The Karakaya Complex in the Pontides consists of highly deformed and partly metamorphosed clastic and volcanic series of Permian and Triassic age. It is generally subdivided into two parts: The structurally lower part, called the Lower Karakaya Complex, consists of a mafic lava-mafic pyroclastite-shale-limestone succession metamorphosed in the greenschist and blueschist facies during the Late Palaeozoic or Triassic. The structurally upper part is made up of highly deformed Permian and Triassic clastic, volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks with exotic limestone blocks. There are currently two different models for the depositional setting and tectonic evolution of the Karakaya Complex. The rift model …
Significance Of The Volcanogenic Nilüfer Unit And Related Components Of The Triassic Karakaya Complex For Tethyan Subduction/Accretion Processes In Nw Turkey, Elizabeth A. Pickett, Alastair H. F. Robertson
Significance Of The Volcanogenic Nilüfer Unit And Related Components Of The Triassic Karakaya Complex For Tethyan Subduction/Accretion Processes In Nw Turkey, Elizabeth A. Pickett, Alastair H. F. Robertson
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
The Tethyan Karakaya Complex extends east-west across northern Turkey from the Aegean coast to Iran (c. 1100 km), and is interpreted as a Mid-Late Triassic subduction/accretion complex. It comprises strongly deformed fragments of Triassic oceanic seamounts, mid-ocean ridge-type oceanic crust, trench-type sedimentary rocks (Ortaoba Unit) and Permian-Triassic continental fragments (Çal Unit). We focus on the Triassic Nilüfer Unit, which comprises altered basic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, volcanogenic sedimentary rocks, heterogeneous debris flow deposits, calciturbidites, siliceous pelagic sedimentary rocks and, in places, Triassic shallow-water limestones. The predominant lithologies are massive basalt and reworked basic pyroclastic deposits. Additional detrital lithologies include volcanogenic …
Geology And Correlation Of The Ezine Zone: A Rhodope Fragment In Nw Turkey?, Laurent Beccaletto, Catherine Jenny
Geology And Correlation Of The Ezine Zone: A Rhodope Fragment In Nw Turkey?, Laurent Beccaletto, Catherine Jenny
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
In northwestern Turkey, the Denizgören ophiolite and its sedimentary substratum, the Ezine Group, are enigmatic geological objects whose evolution remains problematic. Based on long-term fieldwork, we here propose a solution for their genesis and correlation. The whole of the Ezine Group, more than three km thick, is characterised by the systematic occurrence of carbonate rocks in the greenschist facies. It has been subdivided into three conformable formations: the Geyikli Formation, with a slight terrigeneous detrital nature, (Middle)-Late Permian in age; the Karadağ Formation, with platform-type sedimentation with local detrital input, Late Permian (Djulfian) in age; the Çamköy Formation, with a …
New Results On The Lithostratigraphy Of The Kazdağ Massif In Northwest Turkey, Mehmet Duru, Şükrü Pehli̇van, Yalçin Şentürk, Fatma Yavaş, Hüseyi̇n Kar
New Results On The Lithostratigraphy Of The Kazdağ Massif In Northwest Turkey, Mehmet Duru, Şükrü Pehli̇van, Yalçin Şentürk, Fatma Yavaş, Hüseyi̇n Kar
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
The high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Kazdağ mountain range, termed the Kazdağ Group, crop out as a tectonic window under the Karakaya Complex in northwestern Turkey. The Kazdağ Group forms a doubly plunging, NE-SW-trending anticliniorium. During our regional geological mapping of the Kazdağ Group, we have subdivided the metamorphic rocks into four formations. The lowermost unit is the Fındıklı formation, which comprises amphibole-gneiss, marble and minor amphibolite. It crops out mainly in the southern part of the Kazdağ Massif. The marble horizons within the Fındıklı formation have been named the Altınoluk and Babadağ marble members. The overlying unit, comprising metadunite …
Uppermost Triassic Limestone In The Karakaya Complex- Stratigraphic And Tectonic Significance, Aral İ. Okay, Demi̇r Altiner
Uppermost Triassic Limestone In The Karakaya Complex- Stratigraphic And Tectonic Significance, Aral İ. Okay, Demi̇r Altiner
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
Two important tectonostratigraphic units of the Karakaya Complex in northwest Turkey are: a lower metamorphic sequence of metabasite, phyllite and marble, called the Nilüfer Unit; and an upper clastic sequence with Permian and Carboniferous limestone olistoliths called the Hodul Unit. In northwestern Turkey, the Hodul Unit consists of arkosic sandstones, which pass upward into greywacke and siltstone with Permian and Carboniferous limestone blocks. A scarce macrofauna in the sandstones indicates a Norian age for the Hodul Unit. We report for the first time Norian-Rhaetian limestones, here named the Kaşal Limestone Member, from the Hodul Unit to the southwest of Balıkesir. …
Upper Permian (Changxingian) Radiolarian Cherts Within The Clastic Successions Of The "Karakaya Complex" In Nw Anatolia, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu, Kiyoko Kuwahara, U. Kağan Teki̇n, Necati̇ Turhan
Upper Permian (Changxingian) Radiolarian Cherts Within The Clastic Successions Of The "Karakaya Complex" In Nw Anatolia, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu, Kiyoko Kuwahara, U. Kağan Teki̇n, Necati̇ Turhan
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
The arkosic sandstones with olistostromes within the "Karakaya Complex" in NW Anatolia to the south of Geyve include a thin layer of green chert with radiolaria. Based on the composition of Albaillellids, the radiolarian assemblage corresponds to the Neoalbaillella ornithoformis assemblage, and its age is assigned to the Changxingian (Late Permian). This is the first finding of synsedimentary radiolarian cherts within the Karakaya units and the indication of latest Permian rifting of the Karakaya basin within the Midian carbonate platform and its pre-Permian basement in the Sakarya Composite Terrane.
Autochthonous Upper Permian (Midian) Carbonates In The Western Sakarya Composite Terrane, Geyve Area, Turkey: Preliminary Data, Necati̇ Turhan, Cengi̇z Okuyucu, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu
Autochthonous Upper Permian (Midian) Carbonates In The Western Sakarya Composite Terrane, Geyve Area, Turkey: Preliminary Data, Necati̇ Turhan, Cengi̇z Okuyucu, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
Permian limestones occur widely within the clastic units of the "Karakaya Complex" and are interpreted as allochthonous bodies or olistoliths. In the Kadirler area to the south of Geyve, however, Upper Permian (Midian) quartz sandstones and carbonates with a rich foraminifer fauna disconformably overlie a crystalline basement complex. This basement complex comprises metaclastic rocks, recrystallised limestones, metacherts, and metadiabases, and is intruded by granodiorites. The overlying basal conglomerates and quartzitic sandstones are dominated by pebbles from the basement complex and are followed upward by medium- to thick-bedded dolomites, dolomitic limestones and limestones. The foraminiferal assemblage with Neoschwagerina haydeni Dutkevitch and …
Geology And Structural Evolution Of The Tokat Massif (Eastern Pontides, Turkey), Ali̇ Yilmaz, Hüseyi̇n Yilmaz
Geology And Structural Evolution Of The Tokat Massif (Eastern Pontides, Turkey), Ali̇ Yilmaz, Hüseyi̇n Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
The Tokat Massif consists of a pre-Jurassic metamorphic complex that crops out widely between Amasya and Reşadiye in the western part of eastern Pontides, and which can be correlated with the Karakaya Complex of the western Pontides. This complex is named the Tokat Group, and is divided into two main units, namely, the Turhal Metamorphics and Devecidağ Mélange. The Turhal Metamorphics form a volcano-sedimentary sequence in the northern part of the Tokat Massif. The lower level of the formation is made up of gneiss, amphibolite and mica schists, whereas the upper part is represented by an alternation of mica schist, …