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A Holistic Approach For Selection Of Bacillus Spp. As A Bioremediator For Shrimp Postlarvae Culture, Thimmalapura Devaraja, Sanjoy Banerjee, Fatimah Yusoff, Mohamed Shariff, Helena Khatoon
A Holistic Approach For Selection Of Bacillus Spp. As A Bioremediator For Shrimp Postlarvae Culture, Thimmalapura Devaraja, Sanjoy Banerjee, Fatimah Yusoff, Mohamed Shariff, Helena Khatoon
Turkish Journal of Biology
Indigenous Bacillus pumilus, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis were isolated from marine water and soil samples and investigated for potential bioremediation ability in Penaeus monodon culture. Bacillus spp. were selected based on their wide range of growth conditions, ease of mass culture, tolerance to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), inhibition of pathogenic vibrios, nonpathogenicity, and ability to reduce TAN. Results showed that optimum growth of the selected Bacillus spp. occurred at 30 °C, pH 7.5, and 1.5% NaCl, and they secreted protease, amylase, and lipase. Vibrio spp. were also inhibited by 3 Bacillus spp. In addition, the selected Bacillus spp. had …
Antioxidant Activity Of In Vitro Propagated Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Plants Of Different Origins, Ely Zayova, Ira Stancheva, Maria Geneva, Maria Petrova, Lyudmila Dimitrova
Antioxidant Activity Of In Vitro Propagated Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Plants Of Different Origins, Ely Zayova, Ira Stancheva, Maria Geneva, Maria Petrova, Lyudmila Dimitrova
Turkish Journal of Biology
An efficient in vitro protocol for propagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is described. Multiple shoots were induced in vitro from shoot tip and nodal segments on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine, zeatin, or thidiazuron alone and in combination with naphthalene acetic acid or indole-3-acetic acid. A high frequency of shoot induction as well as maximum number of shoots per shoot tip explant was observed on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg L^{-1}) alone and combined with indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 mg L^{-1}). For root induction, in vitro shoots were transferred to rooting media containing naphthalene acetic acid, …
Fatty Acid Composition Of Root And Shoot Samples Of Some Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) Taxa Growing In The East And Southeast Of Turkey, Cumali̇ Keski̇n, Semra Kaçar
Fatty Acid Composition Of Root And Shoot Samples Of Some Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) Taxa Growing In The East And Southeast Of Turkey, Cumali̇ Keski̇n, Semra Kaçar
Turkish Journal of Biology
The fatty acid compositions of root and shoot samples of some Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) taxa [A. gossypinus Fisch., A. amblolepis Fisch., A. edmondi (Kuntze) Sheld., A. tigridis Boiss., A. aleppicus Boiss., A. suberosus Banks & Sol. subsp. suberosus Banks & Sol., A. gummifer Labill., A. diphtherites Fenzl var. diphtherites Fenzl, and A. gymnalopecias Rech.f.] growing in the east and southeast of Turkey were determined by gas chromatography. Astragalus species contained palmitic (C 16:0) (20.13%-53.8%), linoleic (C 18:2\omega-6) (13.25%-41.06%), oleic (C 18:1\omega-9) (5.78%-25.7%), linolenic (C 18:3\omega-3) (6.1%-22.89%), and stearic acid (C 18:0) (5.16%-13.1%) in the roots and linolenic (8.9%-51.42%), palmitic (20.16%-44.88%), …
Evaluation Of Anti-Plasmodium Berghei Activity Of Crude And Column Fractions Of Extracts From Withania Somnifera, Zerihun Teklemariam Dame, Beyene Petros, Yalemtsehay Mekonnen
Evaluation Of Anti-Plasmodium Berghei Activity Of Crude And Column Fractions Of Extracts From Withania Somnifera, Zerihun Teklemariam Dame, Beyene Petros, Yalemtsehay Mekonnen
Turkish Journal of Biology
Different crude methanolic and chloroform extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, and column fractions of the methanolic extract, were tested in vivo for antimalarial activity on Swiss albino male mice. Each mouse in the study was infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of blood containing 10^6-10^7 infected erythrocytes taken from mice previously infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei. The extracts were given to the infected mice intraperitoneally starting from 3 h following inoculation. Antimalarial activity was evaluated by taking blood smears on day 4. The results revealed that column fractions of methanolic extract obtained from leaves of Withania somnifera showed significantly improved suppression …
The Effects Of Zinc Chloride During Early Embryonic Development In Zebrafish (Brachydanio Rerio), Melek Küçükoğlu, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek
The Effects Of Zinc Chloride During Early Embryonic Development In Zebrafish (Brachydanio Rerio), Melek Küçükoğlu, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek
Turkish Journal of Biology
This study investigated the developmental toxicity of zinc chloride (ZnCl_{2}) in zebrafish embryos (Brachydanio rerio, Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 5 different concentrations of ZnCl_{2}, from the blastula stage, for 15 days under static renewal test conditions. As a result, the corresponding median lethal concentration (LC_{50}) value determined for ZnCl_2 exposure was 1.36 mg/L (0.65 mg/L as a lone Zn^{2+} ion). At 1.0 mg/L ZnCl_{2}, the exposed group's hatching began at 7 days instead of at 4 days, and most of the embryos died in the chorion without hatching at 11 and 12 days. Developmental deformities such as …
Effect Of Nitrogen Supply On The C/N Balance In The Lichen Evernia Prunastri (L.) Ach., Silvana Munzi, Tommaso Pisani, Luca Paoli, Monia Renzi, Stefano Loppi
Effect Of Nitrogen Supply On The C/N Balance In The Lichen Evernia Prunastri (L.) Ach., Silvana Munzi, Tommaso Pisani, Luca Paoli, Monia Renzi, Stefano Loppi
Turkish Journal of Biology
This study investigated the relationship between nitrogen and carbon in the thalli of the lichen Evernia prunastri, with an emphasis on the role of the C/N balance in the response of this species to N excess. For this purpose, thalli collected at a remote site were sprayed for 5 weeks with NH_{4}NO_{3} (0.05 and 1 M) and (NH_{4})_{2}SO_4 (0.025 and 0.5 M) solutions, and later analyzed for their C and N content. The results showed that the total N content of thalli increased and the total C content decreased along with increasing N concentration in the treatment solutions. Consequently, the …
Genetic Variability Among Native Dog Breeds In Turkey, Meti̇n Erdoğan, Cafer Tepeli̇, Bertram Brenig, Mi̇ne Akbulut, Cevdet Uğuz, Peter Savolainen, Ceyhan Özbeyaz
Genetic Variability Among Native Dog Breeds In Turkey, Meti̇n Erdoğan, Cafer Tepeli̇, Bertram Brenig, Mi̇ne Akbulut, Cevdet Uğuz, Peter Savolainen, Ceyhan Özbeyaz
Turkish Journal of Biology
In this study, the genetic structures and relationships of native Turkish dog breeds were investigated using 20 polymorphic loci (17 microsatellites and 3 proteins). For this aim, a total of 141 blood samples were taken from Turkish shepherd dogs and Turkish Greyhounds located in several geographical regions of Turkey. Multilocus F_{ST} values indicated that around 1.92% of the total genetic variation could be explained by breed differences and the remaining 98.08% by differences among individuals. The gene flow between populations within each generation varied between 8.4 (Akbash-White Kars Shepherd dog pairs) and 62.3 (Black-Grey Kars Shepherd dog pairs). Four different …
Memory-Enhancing Effects Of The Leptin Hormone In Wistar Albino Rats: Sex And Generation Differences, Alper Karakaş, Hami̇t Coşkun, Fevzi̇ye Umut Kizilkaya
Memory-Enhancing Effects Of The Leptin Hormone In Wistar Albino Rats: Sex And Generation Differences, Alper Karakaş, Hami̇t Coşkun, Fevzi̇ye Umut Kizilkaya
Turkish Journal of Biology
Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that informs the brain about the fat stores of the body. In this study, we examined the effects of timed leptin injections on spatial memory performances of adult and juvenile male and female Wistar rats with the Morris water maze test. We applied the injections and conducted the training trials for 4 days. On the fifth day after leptin injections, the experiments were performed. The activities were recorded and analyzed with the Noldus Ethovision Animal Video Tracking System. The results show that the spatial memory performance of the rats was improved by …
An Ethnobotanical Survey In Selected Towns Of The Mediterranean Subregion (Turkey), Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Zeki̇ye Ceren Arituluk, Erdem Yeşi̇lada
An Ethnobotanical Survey In Selected Towns Of The Mediterranean Subregion (Turkey), Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Zeki̇ye Ceren Arituluk, Erdem Yeşi̇lada
Turkish Journal of Biology
This survey was carried out by face-to-face oral interviews with 379 inhabitants who agreed to be interviewed in selected localities of the Mediterranean region: Hatay (İskenderun and Narlıca), İçel (Erdemli, Tarsus, and Silifke), and Isparta (Sav). The current study was conducted to document the ethnobotanical uses of plants. In the first step of the study, demographic profiles of the informants were evaluated. Subsequently, they were asked to state whether the plants were used for therapeutic or other purposes; then detailed information, i.e. local names, parts used, methods of preparation (decoction, infusion, poultice, ointment, etc.) was recorded; and finally the plant …
Evaluation Of E330-Induced Developmental Toxicity Using Fetax, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Kübra Akillioğlu, Yaşar Sertdemi̇r
Evaluation Of E330-Induced Developmental Toxicity Using Fetax, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Kübra Akillioğlu, Yaşar Sertdemi̇r
Turkish Journal of Biology
The present study evaluates the teratogenic and toxicological effects of citric acid (E330), a food additive, on Xenopus laevis embryos. The embryos were exposed to a range of E330 concentrations, from stage 8 to 11 of development, for 96 h under static renewal test conditions. The median lethal concentrations, no-observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC), and minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG) values were calculated. The lethal concentration (LC) values LC_{10}, LC_{20}, LC_{30}, LC_{40}, and LC_{50} determined for E330 exposure were 0.0113, 0.0117, 0.0119, 0.0122, and 0.0124 g/L, respectively. NOAEC and LOAEC values were calculated …
Bioaccumulation Of Tributyltin And Its Impact On Spermatogenesis In Mud Crab Scylla Serrata (Forskal), Revathi Peranandam, Iyapparaj Palanisamy, Munuswamy Natesan, Arockia Vasanthi Lourduraj, Krishnan Muthukalingan
Bioaccumulation Of Tributyltin And Its Impact On Spermatogenesis In Mud Crab Scylla Serrata (Forskal), Revathi Peranandam, Iyapparaj Palanisamy, Munuswamy Natesan, Arockia Vasanthi Lourduraj, Krishnan Muthukalingan
Turkish Journal of Biology
The effects of tributyltin (TBT) on the spermatogenesis of mud crab Scylla serrata were studied. TBT-exposed crabs exhibited a decrease in the gonadosomatic Index and the hepatosomatic Index compared to the crabs in the control group. Bioaccumulation of the TBT levels also varied in different tissues. The treated crabs showed variation in the weight of the testes with respect to TBT concentrations. Histological results clearly indicated that the control crabs showed spermatophores and granular substances were seen filling up the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. The testes of the experimental crabs illustrated that disruption in the seminiferous tubule membrane architecture, …
L-Arginine Protects Against Ethylene Glycol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage In Rats: Immunohistochemical And Electron Microscopic Study, Samah Kandeel, Thoryaa El_Deeb, Ehsan Salah, Nafisa El-Bakary, Naglaa Sarhan, Mohamed Balaha, Hiroki Sakai, Tokuma Yanai
L-Arginine Protects Against Ethylene Glycol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage In Rats: Immunohistochemical And Electron Microscopic Study, Samah Kandeel, Thoryaa El_Deeb, Ehsan Salah, Nafisa El-Bakary, Naglaa Sarhan, Mohamed Balaha, Hiroki Sakai, Tokuma Yanai
Turkish Journal of Biology
Ethylene glycol is an alcohol widely used in industry as an antifreeze. It affects the normal gastric mucosal defense mechanisms, inducing surface ulcerations. L-arginine is a precursor of nitric oxide that exhibits multiple biological properties; among them is the acceleration of wound healing, especially in the stomach. Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, and semithin and ultrathin section examinations were used to investigate the possible protective effect of L-arginine on ethylene glycol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Three animal groups were used: group A (control group), group B (received 3.3 mL/kg ethylene glycol for 2 weeks), and group C (received 200 mg/kg of L-arginine …
Effect Of Exogenously Applied Salicylic Acid On Cadmium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress And Nitrogen Metabolism In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.), Esra Koç, Ayşen Sülün Üstün, Nuri̇ Çeli̇k
Effect Of Exogenously Applied Salicylic Acid On Cadmium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress And Nitrogen Metabolism In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.), Esra Koç, Ayşen Sülün Üstün, Nuri̇ Çeli̇k
Turkish Journal of Biology
Salicylic acid (SA) has a key role in the formation of induced systemic resistance and hypersensitive cells, but it has also been indicated to be effective in the formation of strong responses against abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, heavy metal toxicity, and osmotic stress. This study has demonstrated a connection between the total soluble protein and the nitrate reductase (NR) activity. In 20 \muM CdCl_2, 40 \muM CdCl_2 + 0.5 mM SA, and 100 \muM CdCl_2 + 0.5 mM SA treatments, on the 1st day following the treatment an increase was detected in the NR activity when compared to …
Phospholipases C From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Bacillus Cereus Isolates, Chromosome-Mediated Enzymes With Roles In Virulence, Nooran Elleboudy, Mohammad Aboulwafa, Nadia Hassouna
Phospholipases C From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Bacillus Cereus Isolates, Chromosome-Mediated Enzymes With Roles In Virulence, Nooran Elleboudy, Mohammad Aboulwafa, Nadia Hassouna
Turkish Journal of Biology
Phospholipases C (PLCs) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa D183 and Bacillus cereus D101, 2 clinical isolates from 2 pus specimens, were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis and used to study the possible role of PLC in the virulence of the isolates. Partially purified PLC from both isolates induced lysis of Vero cells in the presence and absence of the producing bacterial cells. Noncytolytic dilutions of the partially purified PLC from Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased adherence of the producing cells to Vero cells but did not affect internalization. However, Bacillus cereus cells neither adhered to nor were internalized within the …
Occurrence Of Enterocin Genes, Virulence Factors, And Antibiotic Resistance In 3 Bacteriocin-Producer Enterococcus Faecium Strains Isolated From Turkish Tulum Cheese, Banu Özden Tuncer, Zeli̇ha Ay, Yasi̇n Tuncer
Occurrence Of Enterocin Genes, Virulence Factors, And Antibiotic Resistance In 3 Bacteriocin-Producer Enterococcus Faecium Strains Isolated From Turkish Tulum Cheese, Banu Özden Tuncer, Zeli̇ha Ay, Yasi̇n Tuncer
Turkish Journal of Biology
In this study, the occurrence of enterocin genes, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance in the bacteriocin-producer Enterococcus faecium EYT17, EYT31, and EYT39 strains was investigated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies showed that all of the E. faecium strains carried the enterocin A and B structural genes (entA and entB), while E. faecium EYT17 and EYT31 strains also carried the enterocin P structural gene (entP). None of the strains exhibited \beta-haemolysis or gelatinase activity. PCR analysis revealed that EYT17, EYT31, and EYT39 strains were clear of potential virulence determinants, except for ccf and efaAfm. The ccf gene was found in all …
Stimulation Of Dendritic Cells With Vaccine And Vaccine-Antibody Complex And Effect On Immune Response, İbrahi̇m Hati̇poğlu, İbrahi̇m Söğüt, Duygu Ercan, Soner Aksu, Hülya Si̇vas, Aynur Başalp
Stimulation Of Dendritic Cells With Vaccine And Vaccine-Antibody Complex And Effect On Immune Response, İbrahi̇m Hati̇poğlu, İbrahi̇m Söğüt, Duygu Ercan, Soner Aksu, Hülya Si̇vas, Aynur Başalp
Turkish Journal of Biology
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines are a promising and potent therapeutic tool for chronic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer because of the unique ability of DCs to stimulate T cells. The challenge of DC vaccines is to find an effective form for antigen presentation. Although pure antigens, antigen complexes, plasmids, and mRNA have been used in different studies, no proper application to overcome this problem has been found yet. In this study, we investigated the eligibility of a commercial hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine or a vaccine-monoclonal antibody complex for antigen loading of DCs for a therapeutic purpose. DCs were derived …
Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced By Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Rat, Khadijeh Hashemi, Kazem Parivar, Samira Fazlifar, Alireza Haghparast, Mehrdad Mohri, Naser Margan Azghadi, Mohammadhossein Nazem Shirazi, Amir Afkhami Goli
Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced By Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Rat, Khadijeh Hashemi, Kazem Parivar, Samira Fazlifar, Alireza Haghparast, Mehrdad Mohri, Naser Margan Azghadi, Mohammadhossein Nazem Shirazi, Amir Afkhami Goli
Turkish Journal of Biology
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the main causes of acute renal failure, leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ensuing oxidative stress, which results in unfolded/misfolded protein accumulation and its dependent response pathways, generally known as unfolded protein response (UPR), in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We studied the effects of renal I/R on the expression of ER-stress genes, as well as concomitant effects of oral pretreatment with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pith and carpellary membrane (PPCM). An in vivo model of rat kidney I/R followed by conventional and real-time RT-PCR was used to evaluate the modulation of GRP78 …
Probing The Architecture Of Testis And Morphology Of Male Germinal Cells In The Mud Crab With The Atomic Force Microscopy, Mahalingam Anbarasu, Ramangalingam Kirubagaran, Gopal Dharani, Thanumalaya Subramoniam
Probing The Architecture Of Testis And Morphology Of Male Germinal Cells In The Mud Crab With The Atomic Force Microscopy, Mahalingam Anbarasu, Ramangalingam Kirubagaran, Gopal Dharani, Thanumalaya Subramoniam
Turkish Journal of Biology
The architecture of testicular lobules, morphology of spermatozoa, and spermatophore in the mud crab, Scylla serrata, are described for the first time employing atomic force microscopy (AFM). A fast and simple squash preparation protocol was followed using crustacean physiological saline without distorting the natural structure. Observations provided new insight into the arrangement of lobules and morphology of testicular assembly. It consists of a close network of lobules of different sizes in a radial manner on radially branching basal tubules. Budding of new lobules is another distinguishable feature noted in the network of testicular organization. A thin membranous envelope of the …
Encoderless Position Estimation And Error Correction Techniques For Miniature Mobile Robots, Farshad Arvin, Masoud Bekravi
Encoderless Position Estimation And Error Correction Techniques For Miniature Mobile Robots, Farshad Arvin, Masoud Bekravi
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper presents an encoderless position estimation technique for miniature-sized mobile robots. Odometry techniques, which are based on the hardware components, are commonly used for calculating the geometric location of mobile robots. Therefore, the robot must be equipped with an appropriate sensor to measure the motion. However, due to the hardware limitations of some robots, employing extra hardware is impossible. On the other hand, in swarm robotic research, which uses a large number of mobile robots, equipping the robots with motion sensors might be costly. In this study, the trajectory of the robot is divided into several small displacements over …
An Efficient Solving Of The Traveling Salesman Problem: The Ant Colony System Having Parameters Optimized By The Taguchi Method, Musa Peker, Baha Şen, Pinar Yildiz Kumru
An Efficient Solving Of The Traveling Salesman Problem: The Ant Colony System Having Parameters Optimized By The Taguchi Method, Musa Peker, Baha Şen, Pinar Yildiz Kumru
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Owing to its complexity, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most intensively studied problems in computational mathematics. The TSP is defined as the provision of minimization of total distance, cost, and duration by visiting the n number of points only once in order to arrive at the starting point. Various heuristic algorithms used in many fields have been developed to solve this problem. In this study, a solution was proposed for the TSP using the ant colony system and parameter optimization was taken from the Taguchi method. The implementation was tested by various data sets in the …
Colombeau Solutions Of A Nonlinear Stochastic Predator--Prey Equation, Uluğ Çapar
Colombeau Solutions Of A Nonlinear Stochastic Predator--Prey Equation, Uluğ Çapar
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The solution of a random semilinear hyperbolic system with singular initial data is sought as a random Colombeau distribution. The product of 2 additive white noises is well tackled within the theory of random Colombeau distributions. In the special case of a random predator--prey system, the exact Colombeau solution is obtained under some assumptions when the process is driven by doubly reflected Brownian motions.
Spatial Pattern Analysis Of Peganum Harmala On The Salted Lower Chelif Plain, Algeria, Adda Ababou, Mohammed Chouieb, Abdelkader Bouthiba, Djamel Saidi, Mahfoud M'Hamedi Bouzina, Khalladi Mederbal
Spatial Pattern Analysis Of Peganum Harmala On The Salted Lower Chelif Plain, Algeria, Adda Ababou, Mohammed Chouieb, Abdelkader Bouthiba, Djamel Saidi, Mahfoud M'Hamedi Bouzina, Khalladi Mederbal
Turkish Journal of Botany
Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae), native to arid and semiarid rangeland, has been widely studied biochemically, pharmaceutically, and medicinally, but is largely unknown ecologically. In the lower Chelif, Algeria, this plant is largely present and shows a clear clumped pattern, which indicates the strong effects of environmental conditions. Our redundancy analysis showed that the geographic distribution of this species was positively correlated with sand and pH and negatively correlated with conductivity, Na^+, and clay. The Gaussian model suggested that 9.4 mmhos/cm conductivity and sand contents greater than 40% are optimum for this plant. The spatial distribution map obtained through the kriging …
Physiological And Ultrastructural Studies On Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation In Some Plants, Fayza Faheed, Ahmed Mazen, Shereen Abd Elmohsen
Physiological And Ultrastructural Studies On Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation In Some Plants, Fayza Faheed, Ahmed Mazen, Shereen Abd Elmohsen
Turkish Journal of Botany
Results from light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic examination of CaOx crystal formation in 2 plant species, namely Corchorus olitorius L. and Malva parviflora L., revealed the presence of crystalline deposits. These deposits were of prismatic type in the case of C. olitorius and of druse type in the case of M. parviflora. Ultrastructurally, some differences were observed between crystal idioblast and noncrystal cells. Moreover, the effect of heavy metals and different calcium concentrations on the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in leaves of the 2 plants was investigated. Different analytical techniques were used to determine the influence of exogenous …
Anther Development And Cytochemistry In Asphodelus Aestivus (Asphodelaceae), Fi̇li̇z Vardar, Işil İsmai̇loğlu, Meral Ünal
Anther Development And Cytochemistry In Asphodelus Aestivus (Asphodelaceae), Fi̇li̇z Vardar, Işil İsmai̇loğlu, Meral Ünal
Turkish Journal of Botany
Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Asphodelaceae) anthers were analysed to provide a detailed understanding of the events that lead to pollen grain development, accompanied by cytochemical observations at different ontogenic stages. An anther locule of A. aestivus was bordered by 4 different layers: the tapetum, the middle layer, the endothecium, and the epidermis. At the tetrad stage, secretory tapetal cells enlarged maximally, while they showed degeneration at the young microspore stage. During the course of the degeneration, vacuolisation and reduction in the volume were conspicuous. Cytochemical analysis revealed that tapetal cells presented an intense reaction with regard to protein, insoluble polysaccharides, and …
Seasonal Variation Of Litter Accumulation And Putrefaction With Reference To Decomposers In A Mangrove Forest In Karachi, Pakistan, Kanwal Nazim, Moinuddin Ahmed, Syed Shahid Shaukat, Muhammad Uzair Khan
Seasonal Variation Of Litter Accumulation And Putrefaction With Reference To Decomposers In A Mangrove Forest In Karachi, Pakistan, Kanwal Nazim, Moinuddin Ahmed, Syed Shahid Shaukat, Muhammad Uzair Khan
Turkish Journal of Botany
Litter production and its decomposition is a major source of nutrients for mangrove ecosystems. This study was conducted on a naturally growing mangrove population in the Sandspit area in Karachi, Pakistan, during 2007 and 2008. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. forms an almost pure population in Sandspit mangrove swamps. To examine the details of temporal fluctuation in litter accumulation and its decomposition, observations were taken at monthly intervals. Results showed that the maximum litter accumulation occurred during the monsoon and post-monsoon season with the maximum accumulation in August (68.76 ± 8.72 g/m^2), while minimum litter accretion occurred in January (13.61 ± …