Digital Commons Network^™

Value Of An Nhl Player, Ryan Mcginnis

Sport Management Undergraduate

The National Hockey League (NHL) consists of 30 teams which are located in all diverse types of markets around North America. With these teams being in different size markets, it is becoming more difficult to survive in the rigid economic times. With sports being a billion dollar industry, the NHL is an organization who is really struggling because of the lack of support from fans and sponsorships. With money being an issue, owners of these 30 NHL teams, have to make a decision whether they want to be a winning organization or a profitable organization. With this being said owners …

How We Came To Dread Fridays: Developing An Academic Library Assessment Plan Two Hours At A Time, Benjamin L. Hockenberry, Micquel Little

Lavery Library Faculty/Staff Publications

During the summer of 2012, St. John Fisher College's Lavery Library developed a coordinated assessment plan. Committing to weekly meetings, librarians reviewed ACRL Standards, identifying key outcomes that would link to the college strategic plan. Utilizing the unique synergy of the library staff, librarians committed to persistence, collaboration, and flexible teamwork. Based on their summer-long perseverance, the librarians originated an assessment strategy that has not only aligned them with the college but has also positioned them to demonstrate the value they provide to their community.

Television: The Effect It Has On Small Market Sports Franchises, Stephen Cannuli

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

"In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph.

Large market baseball franchises are gaining an enormous advantage over smaller market franchises and television is playing a major role in this ongoing problem. This advantage exists for a number of reasons. Most important and most talked of is the reality that large market franchises have more capital than those who make their living in the small market areas do.

Assessing Major League Soccer's Efficiency, Christopher Maxwell

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

Since the North American Soccer League dissolved in 1984, there was no longer a prominent professional soccer league in North America until Major League Soccer was founded in 1996. Previous research on MLS efficiency was last recorded after the 2000 season, leaving a ten-year gap. This research revisits MLS efficiency for the 2010 season through a formula based on percentages against averages of each team for all tested elements. The factors used to compute efficiency are absolute attendance, television viewership, points awarded, and total team salary. Efficiency scores are then further analyzed for anomalies. In contrast to previous research, the …

Editor's Note, Abby Geisen, Jewels White

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

No abstract provided.

Biographies, No Author

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

No abstract provided.

Social Media’S Correlation To Fan Behavior, Aj Van Scott

Sport Management Undergraduate

Social media and fan behavior are two very interesting topics. More and more people are learning more about social media everyday and it is here to stay, it is not a fad, and people expect organization to be posting about games or events so that they can find out the information on social media. It is important for organizations to be on Twitter or Facebook because it is important to integrate into people’s lives. Fan behavior research proves that environmental factors are one of the biggest deterrents for fans when it comes to trying to attend games and that record …

How Are Student Athletes Perceiving Female Coaches, Avery Light

Sport Management Undergraduate

This study was designed to assess the perceptions that student athletes have of female coaches and relate these perceptions to the establish factors within the literature review. Research has suggested possible explanations for the decline of females coaching female sports, however, the focus has not been on the extreme low number of women coaching male sports. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gain an understanding as to why females are not coaching male sports. A cross sectional survey will be designed and sent out to Male and female student athletes within the NCAA Division III Empire 8 conference. …

Recruiting: An Undervalued Asset?, Brandon G. Harrison

Sport Management Undergraduate

NCAA Division I basketball has grown to be an enourmously lucrative business venture in recent years. However, in order to capitalize on the revenues that can be generated by NCAA Division I basketball schools need to be successful. Therefore, it is important to address what can lead to success. Previously, it was thought that coaching status and skill were the key factors leading to success. However, research has been done to discover the relationship between recruiting and success in Division I Football, but very little research has been done on Division I Basketball. The purpose of this study is to …

Nba Star Power: Impact On Attendance, Cory Metcalfe

Sport Management Undergraduate

In lieu of an abstract, here is the paper's first paragraph: One challenge many team’s in many different leagues face is the ability to recognize fan motives and fan attendance to their team’s games (Ouray 2006). Team owners struggle every year to find the best balance between winning games, winning championships, training players and hiring coach’s all on the base of making money. Teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) earn money through T.V contracts, licensed goods, and Ticket sales. Many different owners in different leagues have their own approaches and goals when the thought of raising attendance at games …

Division Iii Student-Athletes Perceptions Of Pay For Play, Daniel P. Maloney

Sport Management Undergraduate

Since the NCAA was first created, the subject of academic corruption in intercollegiate athletics has been of significant concern and empirical inquiry (Ridpath, 2008). There are many current issues that are still ongoing today such as: the denial of payment of Division I football players, the exploitation of student-athletes in academics, and the difference in treatment between student-athletes and students academically. Although this may not always hold true at all Division I schools, previous studies have concluded the values and missions of the NCAA seem to be misaligned with what they are actually promoting. I would like to prove that …

Media’S Representation Of Player Performance, Dj Sanzotta

Sport Management Undergraduate

A player’s statistical performance during a given week of an NFL season is something that influences the way the media views them. Statistical performances are often a great barometer of how talented a player is. The quarterback position in the NFL is often one that the media puts under a microscope. Players are constantly praised or criticized for their ability to lead their respective teams as well as their ability to fill up a stat line. During the 2012 NFL season there were many quarterbacks that the media tended to focus on. Drew Brees, Cam Newton, Russell Wilson, Tony Romo …

Fan Avidity As It Relates To Proximity Of Minor And Major League Affiliates, Joseph Tyson

Sport Management Undergraduate

When sports organizations are affiliating themselves with minor league teams, there can be many factors that go into the decision of what teams to align themselves with. Management should pay particular attention to the aspects of fan motivation, identification, behavior and avidity of the minor league team fans when making these decisions. By associating themselves with teams within close proximity, they could maximize the positive outcome created by that affiliation. Little research has been done however on the relationship between fans of minor league and major league teams within close proximity of each other. This paper is meant to examine …

Season Seat Holder Retention In Minor League Baseball, Matt Butler

Sport Management Undergraduate

In lieu of an abstract, here is the paper's first paragraph: In minor league (AAA) baseball the amount of season tickets sold for the season can account for at least fifteen percent of total paid attendance for the. With this in mind a sport manager may wonder what brings season ticket buyers back season after season, and what can be done to measure this occurrence. An added question for front office staff members is, do these reasons coincide with a team’s marketing strategy to maximize the amount of fans who buy season tickets? To analyze this occurrence I looked into …

Impact Of Fantasy Sports On Participants’ Interest In Real-League Occurrences, Michael Carroll

Sport Management Undergraduate

Fantasy sports have developed into their own significant section of the sport industry, accounting for $4 billion and having over 32 million participants in the United States and Canada (FSTA, 2012). Academic research into fantasy sports is a fairly new, and much of it has focused on motivation behind fantasy gaming, while any consumer behavior research has been focused on media consumption and team identification. This research is for determining what the relationship between fantasy sport participation and consumption of information about league current events, such as rule changes, labor issues, and team rebranding, is. The participants in this research …

What Influences Student Athletes To Choose Division Iii Schools?, Patrick Stellman

Sport Management Undergraduate

Student-Athletes today are faced with many difficult decisions in their young lives, one of them being what college they want to attend. Those student athletes that don’t have the luxury of being recruited to Division I or II schools must decide what they value most in a school and how the school they choose will impact their future. The student athletes at St. John Fisher College are no exception. Student-athletes at St. John Fisher will be to complete a survey looking at the factors and influences that lead them to their decision.

Do Sufficient Recreational Programs For Disabled Children Exist In Monroe And Ontario Counties?, Lauren A. Bauerlein

Sport Management Undergraduate

We live in a country where people, including the handicapped are guaranteed many rights and freedoms. The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) ensures that equal opportunities are provided to people with disabilities. There is a large percentage of children in the United States with disabilities. These mental or physical disabilities impair their major life activities. Research shows that both formal and informal activities have proven to be beneficial to children with disabilities. The purpose of Parks and Recreation Departments is to provide physical and non-physical activities to people in the community. A survey of Directors of Parks and Recreation departments …

Why Do Fans Use Coping Mechanisms And What Can The Nhl Do To Keep Fans Interested?, Joseph E. Radulski

Sport Management Undergraduate

There have been many lockouts in professional sports over the last decade (Drewes, 2005). The NHL has had four lockouts in the last twenty years (Fitzpatrick, n.d.). In the past research has shown during a lockout fans will find ways to cope with the loss of a season (Grieve, Shoenfelt, Wann & Zapalac, 2009; Winfree & Fort, 2008). After the lockout in 2004-2005 the NHL used marketing strategies to attract new fans to the sport (Gee, 2009; Batchelor & Formentin, 2008).

There has been no previous research on why fans choose the coping mechanisms they use. There has also been …

Increasing Concession Revenue Through Mobile Devices: Ralph Wilson Stadium Offering In-Seat Food Service, Ryan Sweet

Sport Management Undergraduate

Mobile in-seat ordering has begun to surface being tested around the nation at various venues to fulfill customer’s fascination with technology and to better satisfy their customers. It has been found consumers are concerned with wait-lines and quality of service which can negatively impact their purchase behavior (Muret, 2008b). Concession sales are a main revenue source for franchise owners who are experiencing more need for increased revenue (Levine, 2007).

Delaware North SportService, an industry leader in sport food service are the food and beverage provider for Ralph Wilson Stadium. Mobile in-seat ordering has not been used at this facility and …

How Do Factors Preventing The Career Advancement Of Women Relate To The Career Advancement Of Women In Ncaa Division Iii Top-Level Athletic Administration?, Michelle Montgomery

Sport Management Undergraduate

The underrepresentation of females is not exclusive to only one part of business, but rather, this idea has been seen throughout athletic administration for many years (Acosta & Carpenter 1998, 2004). To illustrate and attempt to explain women in business, previous research has explored the discipline of the vast psychological barriers and the stereotypes that have been prevalent in society. In addition, past research has been focused within Division I colleges under the NCAA. In this study, I will attempt to synthesize my participant’s responses in order to hone in on the athletic administration aspect of business and attempt to …

Pba Format Change: Aligning With Fan Motivations?, Jeremy Armison

Sport Management Undergraduate

According to the 2007 US Census, bowling has one of the highest participation rates in sports. With 43.5 million participants it ranked 5th in sports/activities behind walking, exercising with equipment, swimming, and camping, yet it struggles at the professional level (US Census, 2007). Changes to the format of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) have been made in the past with little success. The PBA is hoping to change that with this new format change which includes team competition. Team sport spectators are motivated by different factors than individual sport spectators but there has not been research done on PBA fans. …

Parental Role In Encouraging Sport Participation In Females, Jaime L. Berthold

Sport Management Undergraduate

Although still askew compared to male rates, female participation rates in sports have gone up since the introduction of Title IX in 1972. A plethora of research has been done to identify the various factors as to why females play sport, parental influence being a common social aspect. Research is lacking, however, in exploring the types of parental influence, specifically based on the gender of the parent. By surveying students at St. John Fisher College, this study examines the support/modeling roles commonly associated with the gender of the parent in regards to influencing their children to participate in sport. Results …

Acculturation Influences Of Sport Media On Hispanic-Americans, Stephen J. Zasucha Jr.

Sport Management Undergraduate

This research aimed to discover whether or not the largest sport media corporation in the United States; ESPN, promotes acculturation for Hispanic Americans to enter into Americanized sport culture through its Spanish-language magazine publication of ESPN Deportes. The content analysis examined the covers of both ESPN Deportes and ESPN The Magazine from the 2011-year, using the English version of ESPN The Magazine as a base. The total population of Hispanics within the United States totals 50,477,594 making it the largest minority demographic in the nation. Unfortunately for marketers the Hispanic population is not homogenous and differences in consumption patterns can …

Understanding Social Media Use And Its Marketing Implications, David Malerk

Sport Management Undergraduate

Social media has become an integral part in the communication process in today’s society. Research has found that social media’s unique characteristics allow sport organizations to meet the many wants of their fans. Eight total professional organizations from the professional and collegiate level were interviewed to answer the research question, to what extent are organizations utilizing social media? This study shows that organizations use social media more specific to their professional level. Professional sport organizations use social media more for their marketing efforts, as collegiate organizations primarily use it for public relations.

Assessing Major League Soccer's Efficiency, Chris Maxwell

Sport Management Undergraduate

Since the North American Soccer League dissolved in 1984, there was no longer a prominent professional soccer league in North America until Major League Soccer was founded in 1996. Previous research on MLS efficiency was last recorded after the 2000 season, leaving a ten-year gap. This research revisits MLS efficiency for the 2010 season through a formula based on percentages against averages of each team for all tested elements. The factors used to compute efficiency are absolute attendance, television viewership, points awarded, and total team salary. Efficiency scores are then further analyzed for anomalies. In contrast to previous research, the …

Athlete Endorsements: Effects On College Students, Cory Mcallister

Sport Management Undergraduate

Celebrities have been used as endorsements for years and have often been heralded as the best way for a company to sell their product through advertisements. Professional athletes are known around the globe as the most recognizable celebrities. Numerous studies have been completed in order to find the effects that athlete endorsements have on consumer spending. These studies have discovered changes in purchasing behaviors based on youth, gender, race and geographic location. Yet, there are limited sources that explain the effects on college students and their purchasing intentions. A sample of St. John Fisher College students was used to examine …

American League East Draft Tendencies, Tim Sylvester

Sport Management Undergraduate

This study examined the drafting practices of teams in the American League East Division and the business implications that correspond to these results. Each team has their own drafting strategy and by analyzing this you will gain a better understanding as to why certain decisions are made. The research explored the relationship between teams in the American League East with regards to when and how to draft players. To answer this question an analysis of each of these five team’s draft picks from 1998-2007 was completed by comparing each draftee by point of entry and round drafted in. The results …

Female Athletes In The Media, Christopher J. Maley

Sport Management Undergraduate

Within the arena of sport, there is a common belief that female athletes are inferior and incapable athletes. The media plays a role in reinforcing this stereotype. This study examines the article patterns of female athletes in Time magazine from 2007 to 2009. The study will inspect the length and content of articles in every issue distributed in this time frame to see if these athletes are given appropriate exposure. If past research indicates future findings, the sample will show that female athletes are seen less for their athletic accomplishments and more for their off-the-field endeavors. Furthermore, the athletes that …

The Importance Of Financial Management For Professional Athletes And The Prevention Of Bankruptcy, Christopher Danowski

Sport Management Undergraduate

This research explores the importance of financial management and fiscal responsibility for professional athletes. Professional athletes within the four major leagues earn a salary above six-figures, yet a previous report has suggested that over 78% of professional athletes within two years of retirement experience financial distress or file bankruptcy. Professional athletes earn large amounts of money over a short career span, which averages around 5 years or less where upon retirement, it is a drastic change socially and mentally for these athletes which a lot of them are not prepared for. Agents and financial advisors believe athletes’ bankruptcies are completely …

The Effect Alternate Player Efficiency Rating Has On Nba Franchises Regarding Winning And Individual Value To An Organization, Anthony Van Curen

Sport Management Undergraduate

For NBA organizations, it can be argued that success is measured in terms of wins and championships. There are major emphases placed on the demand for “superstar” players and the ability to score. Both of which are assumed to be a player’s value to their respective organization. However, this study will attempt to show that scoring alone cannot measure success. The research uses statistics from the 2008-2011 seasons that can be used to measure success through aspects such as efficiency, productivity, value and wins a player contributes to their organization. The analysis shows there is a correlation between those factors …